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c-MAF-dependent perivascular macrophages manage diet-induced metabolism symptoms.
Besides, ZM (300 and 600 mg/kg, p.o., 30 days) raised the percentages of time spent and number of open arms entries as well as the number of transitions. Also, ZM (300 mg/kg, (P less then 0.05) decreased lipid peroxidation and increased both SOD and catalase activities (300 and 600 mg/kg, (P less then 0.05)). These aforementioned behavioral indices were also completely nullified by pindolol a β-adrenoceptors blocker and 5-HT 1A/1B receptor antagonist but not by flumazenil, a benzodiazepine receptors antagonist. Conclusion ZM improved symptoms of anxiety and depression in behavioral despair paradigm in chronically stressed rats. The observed effects could be due to its capacities to restore the antioxidant status, and probably the modulation of monoamines transmissions.Ethnopharmacological relevance Fagara tessmannii is a shrub of the African rainforests in South-West, Centre, South and East provinces in Cameroon. It is used in traditional medicine for the treatment of tumors, swellings, inflammation, gonorrhoea, schistosomiasis, antifungal, heart diseases and as anti-hypertensive. Aim of the study We investigated the potential effects of F. tessmannii on cardiovascular risk related to monosodium glutamate-induced obesity. Materials and methods Monosodium glutamate (MSG, 4 mg/g/day) was injected subcutaneously to newborn Wistar rats for the four consecutive first days of their life and on the 6th, 8th and 10th day after birth. After 21 weeks, obese rats were treated orally with F. tessmannii (100 or 200 mg/kg/day), orlistat (10 mg/kg/day) or telmisartan (10 mg/kg/day) for 6 weeks. Body weight, obesity, body mass index (BMI), Lee index, insulin sensitivity and glucose tolerance, blood pressure, lipid profile as a Coronary Risk Index (CRI), and reactivity of isolated thoracicdecompression and regulates ions movement which prevents hypertension.Ethnopharmacological relevance The rhizome of Anemone raddeana Regel (A. raddeana) is a famous traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) recorded in Chinese Pharmacopeia for the treatment of carbuncle and swelling. Carbuncle swollen is an explanation of tumor in the theory of TCM and softening and resolving hard mass effects are one of the important pharmacological activities of A. raddeana. Aim of the study We investigated the potential anti-breast cancer effect and toxicological properties of alkali-ethanol extract from A. raddeana, namely total secondary saponin (TSS). Materials and methods Anti-proliferative effect of total saponin of A. raddeana (ATS) and TSS were tested using MTT assay. Hoechst staining, flow cytometry analysis, DCFH-DA fluorescence microscopy and western blot were carried out to evaluate the mechanisms of action of TSS. The potential anti-breast cancer activity and toxicological properties of TSS were tested in vivo. Results ATS and TSS could inhibit the proliferation of A549, HepG2, MCF-7, May. TSS might be used as chemotherapeutic agent for the treatment of breast cancer with relatively low toxicity.Ethnophamacological relevance Sam So Eum (SSE), used in traditional Korean medicine, has been prescribed for the treatment of various ailments including emesis, and fever for centuries. Selleckchem Mycro 3 SSE is known by several different names (Shen Su Yin in traditional Chinese medicine; Jin So In traditional Japanese Kampo medicine). It is a mixture of medicinal plants including Panax ginseng C. A. Mey., Perilla frutescens (L.) Britton, and Peucedanum praeruptorum Dunn. Studies have revealed that SSE has many pharmacological effects including anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, and anti-allergic properties, but its toxic effects have not been evaluated in vivo. Recently, the use of traditional medicinal herbs to treat various diseases has increased, owing to increased number of studies supporting their efficacy. However, safety evaluations for toxicity and other adverse effects have not been extensive. It is commonly considered that natural products extracted from traditional medicinal herbs are safer than synthetic drugs, but tecause serum creatinine was increased by oral administration of SSE at 2000 and 4000 mg kg-1·day-1 in male and female rats. Conclusions SSE administration does not cause toxicity at 4000 mg kg-1·day-1 in male and female rats.Background Researchers have used direct electrical brain stimulation to treat a range of neurological and psychiatric disorders. However, for brain stimulation to be maximally effective, clinicians and researchers should optimize stimulation parameters according to desired outcomes. Objective The goal of our large-scale study was to comprehensively evaluate the effects of stimulation at different parameters and locations on neuronal activity across the human brain. Methods To examine how different kinds of stimulation affect human brain activity, we compared the changes in neuronal activity that resulted from stimulation at a range of frequencies, amplitudes, and locations with direct human brain recordings. We recorded human brain activity directly with electrodes that were implanted in widespread regions across 106 neurosurgical epilepsy patients while systematically stimulating across a range of parameters and locations. Results Overall, stimulation most often had an inhibitory effect on neuronal activity, consistent with earlier work. When stimulation excited neuronal activity, it most often occurred from high-frequency stimulation. These effects were modulated by the location of the stimulating electrode, with stimulation sites near white matter more likely to cause excitation and sites near gray matter more likely to inhibit neuronal activity. Conclusion By characterizing how different stimulation parameters produced specific neuronal activity patterns on a large scale, our results provide an electrophysiological framework that clinicians and researchers may consider when designing stimulation protocols to cause precisely targeted changes in human brain activity.Background Patients with heart failure (HF) may be at increased risks of cancer, but the magnitude of risk for various cancer subtypes is insufficiently investigated. Method Using the Danish Nationwide administrative databases between 1997 and 2017, we estimated the prevalence, incidence and relative risk for all-cause cancer in new-diagnosed HF vs. age and sex-matched controls (up to 5 controls per HF case) before and after adjustment for comorbidities. Results Among the 167,633 people in the heart failure group and 837,126 individuals in the control group, there was a higher prevalence of several comorbidities, including cancer (17% vs. 10%) in the HF group; odds ratio 1.72 (1.70-1.75). Patients with heart failure also had higher cancer incidence (cancer incidence rate 3.02 [2.97-3.07] per 100 person-years), compared with controls (cancer incidence rate 1.89 [1.88-1.90]); hazards ratio 1.38 (1.36-1.40). However, after adjustment for comorbidities the increased risk of malignancy was greatly attenuated (hazards ratio 1.14 [1.12-1.16] for incident all-cause cancer) and dissipated altogether after additional adjustment for medications (multivariable adjusted hazards ratio 0.93 [0.91-0.96] for all-cause cancer). In a homogeneous cohort of patients with ischemic heart disease, the increased risk of all-cause cancer was only marginally increased after adjustment for baseline comorbidities (hazards ratio 1.05 [1.02-1.08]). Conclusion Patients with heart failure had a slightly increased risk of various cancer subtypes, but the risks were mainly driven by comorbidities.Paclitaxel is one of the strong plant-derived anti-cancer drugs that was first isolated from the Pacific yew. Despite many paclitaxel's clinical successes, the limited accessibility of paclitaxel for clinical trials is recognized as the most important challenge. Thus, researchers are continuously trying to find the innovative ways to meet the community's need for this medicine. In the first step, the alternative sources for Taxol supply were recognized, such as Taxus genus, other plant genera, and endophytic fungi. In the next step, the biosynthetic pathways of Taxol or related metabolites were manipulated in the original organisms, or introduced to heterologous systems and then were manipulated in them. Here, a range of metabolic manipulating approaches have been successfully developed to redirect the metabolic flux toward Taxol, including promoter engineering, enzyme engineering, overexpressing the bottleneck enzymes, over- or down-regulation of transcription factors, activation of the cryptic genes, removing/minimizing the flux for competing pathways, tunable regulation of the metabolic pathway, and increasing the supplies of precursors. In this review, we discuss research progress on the alternative Taxol sources and its metabolic manipulating, and we suggest recent challenges and future perspectives.Objective We aimed to compare the safety and efficacy of three perfusion methods primarily used in aortic arch reconstruction in infants, namely, deep hypothermic circulatory arrest, selective antegrade cerebral perfusion, and double arterial cannulation. Methods Forty-five infants with aortic arch obstruction and biventricular anatomy were enrolled in this pilot prospective study (ClinicalTrials.gov registration number NCT02835703). Patients were randomly assigned into three groups according to the perfusion strategy (deep hypothermic circulatory arrest, n=15; selective antegrade cerebral perfusion, n=15; double arterial cannulation, n=15). The primary composite endpoint was the incidence of adverse events in the early postoperative period (acute kidney injury [KDIGO criteria], new brain MRI findings, and in-hospital mortality). The secondary endpoints were intensive care unit length of stay, vasoactive-inotropic score index, and cardiopulmonary bypass duration. All patients underwent aortic arch reconstructal cannulation group had a significantly lower vasoactive-inotropic score index 24 hours postoperatively than the deep hypothermic circulatory arrest group (p=0.03). Vasoactive-inotropic score index >12 was found to be a risk factor for acute kidney injury and early mortality. Conclusions Continuous regional perfusion during aortic arch reconstruction decreases the risk of new brain MRI findings in infants and the need for postoperative inotropic support. Although values of near infrared spectroscopy during the procedure were significantly higher with continuous perfusion strategies, these methods do not reduce the acute kidney injury incidence compared to that with deep hypothermic circulatory arrest. Double arterial cannulation significantly reduces the need for inotropic support.Objective Thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS) comprises a constellation of signs and symptoms that arise from neurologic and vascular compression of the brachial plexus and subclavian vasculature, respectively. Surgical decompression of the neurovascular structures is often indicated to alleviate TOS. We report here our robotic surgical approach and experience for resection of the first rib. Methods Between July 2014 and January 2017, seventeen patients who underwent robotic-assisted first rib resection at our institution were reviewed. Results Nine women and eight men with a mean age of 45±11 years had a robotic-assisted first rib resection; eight for neurogenic thoracic outlet syndrome and nine for venous thoracic outlet syndrome. There were no complications or conversion to open surgery. The mean operative time was 113.2±55.3 minutes. Length of stay was a mean of 1.8±1.9 days. Length of rib resected was 5.8±0.5 cm. Anticoagulation for the venous TOS cohort was Xarelto, for a mean of 5.1±1.8 months. Short-term follow-up (mean 10.
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