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58 times greater than for patients with stable PR expression. The risk of death in patients with increased Ki-67 expression following NAC treatment was 2.05 times greater than for patients with stable Ki-67 expression. Decursin CONCLUSION Breast cancer patients showed changes in ER, PR and/or Ki-67 status throughout NAC, and these changes possibly influenced disease-free survival and overall survival. A switch to negative hormone receptor expression with increased Ki-67 expression following NAC could be indicators of a worse prognosis. Biomarker expression investigations following NAC may potentially improve patient management and survival.BACKGROUND Night shift work surrounding pregnancy may contribute to the risk of developing atopic diseases in offspring due to alterations in the prenatal environment, from stress. OBJECTIVE To examine the association of maternal night shift work surrounding pregnancy and offspring risk of developing atopic diseases from childhood to adolescence. Decursin METHODS We examined the association between night shift work before and during pregnancy among 4,044 mothers in the Nurses' Health Study II (NHSII) and atopic dermatitis, asthma and hay fever risk in 4,813 of their offspring enrolled in the Growing Up Today Study (GUTS). Mothers reported whether GUTS participants had ever been diagnosed with atopic dermatitis, asthma or hay fever in the GUTS Mothers' questionnaire. Generalized estimating equation regression models were used to estimate multivariable adjusted odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). RESULTS There were no significant associations between pre-conception maternal night shift work and risk of atopic dermatitis, asthma or hay fever in their offspring. Among 545 mothers with information on night shift work during pregnancy, shift work also was not associated with atopic dermatitis, asthma or hay fever in the offspring. Stratified analyses by history of parental atopy and maternal chronotype showed some statistically significant findings, but they were inconsistent and no significant interaction was seen with increasing duration of night shift work. CONCLUSION In this study, night shift work before and during pregnancy did not increase offspring risk of developing atopic dermatitis, asthma or hay fever.Understanding of interactional dynamics between several processes is one of the most important challenges in psychology and psychosomatic medicine. Researchers exploring behavior or other psychological phenomena mostly deal with ordinal or interval data. Missing values and consequential non-equidistant measurements represent a general problem of longitudinal studies from this field. The majority of process-oriented methodologies was originally designed for equidistant data measured on ratio scales. Therefore, the goal of this article is to clarify the conditions for satisfactory performance of longitudinal methods with data typical in psychological and psychosomatic research. This study examines the performance of the Johansen test, a procedure incorporating a set of sophisticated time series techniques, in reference to data quality utilizing a Monte Carlo method. The main results of the conducted simulation studies are (1) Time series analyses require samples of at least 70 observations for an accurate estimation and inference. (2) Discrete data and failing equidistance of measurements due to irregular missing values appear unproblematic. (3) Relevant characteristics of stationary processes can be adequately captured using 5- or 7-point ordinal scales. (4) For trending processes, at least 10-point scales are necessary to ensure an acceptable quality of estimation and inference.OBJECTIVE The interrelation and clinical utility of the parameters for superior migration of the humeral head, such as the acromiohumeral interval (AHI), inferior glenohumeral distance (IGHD), and upward migration index (UMI), in the management of massive rotator cuff tears are not clear. The objectives of this study were to identify the relation between AHI, IGHD, and UMI when measured with radiography and MRI and to determine whether superior migration can predict the irreparability of massive rotator cuff tears. METHODS We retrospectively reviewed the files of 64 consecutive patients who underwent arthroscopic partial or complete repair for massive rotator cuff tears at our institution between August 2015 and August 2018. We recorded both radiography and MRI measurements of AHI, IGHD, and UMI, and further the tangent sign, fatty infiltration of the rotator cuff muscles, and the Patte grade. We performed correlation assessments and multiple logistic regression analysis to identify potential predictors of the reparability of massive rotator cuff tears. RESULTS Thirty-five patients had partially reparable and 29 had completely reparable tears. Parameters measured with either radiography or MRI were highly correlated with each other. The radiographic measurements showed a moderate or low correlation with the MRI measurements. All parameters of superior migration of the humeral head on radiography and MRI, the tangent sign, fatty infiltration of the infraspinatus muscle, and the Patte grade showed significant differences between patients with partially and completely repaired tears. Among these, the independent predictors for irreparability was Patte grade = 3. CONCLUSION The AHI, IGHD, and UMI were highly correlated when measured with either radiography or MRI, but not when comparing their radiographic with their MRI values. Furthermore, they were not independent indicators of reparability in massive rotator cuff tears.Markers for monitoring clearance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection during anti-TB drug treatment could facilitate management of tuberculosis (TB) treatment, but are lacking. We aimed to screen for Mtb clearance markers from in-vitro-infected leucocytes and to evaluate these markers in followed-up active TB (ATB) patients and latent TB (LTBI) cases after anti-TB drug treatment. Extracellular proteins from primary leucocytes infected with each of the Mtb lineages (East-Asian, Indo-Oceanic, Euro-American and the laboratory strain H37Rv) were screened as possible clearance markers. Leucocytes infected with Staphylococcus aureus acted as controls. The proteomic analysis was performed using GeLC-MS/MS. Several quantitative and qualitative candidate clearance markers were found. These proteins were suppressed during the infection stage of all Mtb lineages and re-expressed after bacillary clearance. PSTK, FKBP8 and MGMT were common clearance markers among the four Mtb lineages in our model. Only PSTK was a potential clearance marker based on western blot validation analysis from culture supernatants.
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