Notes

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Computed tomography (CT) is gaining increased recognition in the assessment of body composition in lung transplant (LTx) candidates as a prognostic marker of post-transplant outcomes. This systematic review was conducted to describe the methodology of CT measures of body composition used in LTx patients and its association with post-transplant outcomes. Six databases were searched (inception-April 2020) for studies of adult LTx patients with thoracic or abdominal CT measures [muscle cross-sectional area (CSA) and/or adiposity]. Thirteen articles were included with 1911 LTx candidates, 58% males, mean age range (48-61 years) and body mass index of 21.0-26.1 kg/m2 . Several methods were utilized using thoracic or abdominal CT scans to assess skeletal muscle (n = 11) and adiposity (n = 4) at various anatomic locations (carina, thoracic, and lumbar vertebrae), differing muscle groups, and adipose tissue compartments. Low muscle mass was associated with adverse outcomes in 6/11 studies, including longer mechanical ventilation days (n = 2), intensive care (n = 2) and hospital stay (n = 2), and mortality (n = 4). Greater subcutaneous and mediastinal fat were associated with increased risk of primary graft dysfunction (n = 2), but implications of adiposity on survival were variable across four studies. Further standardization of CT body composition assessments is needed to assess the prognostic utility of these measures on LTx outcomes.
Diagrams which allow potential unrelated stem cell donors to visualize the stem cell collection process were hypothesized to support the recruitment and education of committed stem cell donors.

A series of bone marrow and peripheral blood stem cell collection procedure diagrams were developed, featuring young adult male donors of varied ethnic backgrounds. Post-implementation, surveys were conducted to evaluate stakeholder perspective on the diagrams' utility. A quality improvement project was conducted at five stem cell drives from 2017 to 2018 at which recruiters did or did not show the diagrams to potential donors. Following the drives, registrants were invited to complete a survey exploring their experience, knowledge and attitude towards donation.

The diagrams were implemented in Canada in 07/2016. Of 293 participating registrants (24·7% non-Caucasian males) recruited at five drives between 2017 and 2018, 76% (n=197) were shown the diagrams. Participants who were shown the diagrams were significantly more likely to report that the recruiters appeared very knowledgeable (89% vs. 76%, P=0·019) and to report improved self-reported knowledge of stem cell donation (P=0·010) compared to participants not shown the diagram. Data are also shown demonstrating that stakeholders in donor recruitment used and valued the diagrams and that use of the diagrams was associated with improved donor recruitment outcomes in Canada.

This report is the first evaluation of stem cell collection diagrams in the literature. The diagrams are relevant to donor registries, recruitment organizations and transplant centres worldwide, and their use may support efforts to educate and recruit committed, ethnically diverse donors.
This report is the first evaluation of stem cell collection diagrams in the literature. The diagrams are relevant to donor registries, recruitment organizations and transplant centres worldwide, and their use may support efforts to educate and recruit committed, ethnically diverse donors.
To investigate the suitability of the microDiamond detector (mDD) type 60019 (PTW-Freiburg, Germany) to measure the anisotropy function F(r,θ) of High Dose Rate (HDR)
Ir brachytherapy sources.

The HDR
Ir brachytherapy source, model mHDR-v2r (Elekta AB, Sweden), was placed inside a water tank within a 4F plastic needle. Four mDDs (mDD1, mDD2, mDD3, and mDD4) were investigated. Each mDD was placed laterally with respect to the source, and measurements were performed at radial distances r=1cm, 3 and 5cm, and polar angles θ from 0° to 168°. The Monte Carlo (MC) system EGSnrc was used to simulate the measurements and to calculate phantom effect, energy dependence and volume-averaging correction factors. F(r,θ) was determined according to TG-43 formalism from the detector reading corrected with the MC-based factors and compared to the consensus anisotropy function
F(r,θ).

At 1cm, the differences between measurements and MC simulations ranged from -0.8% to +0.8% for θ=0° and from -2.1% to+2.3% for θ≠0ating F(r,θ) of an HDR 192 Ir brachytherapy source in a water phantom using the mDD. The phantom effect and the volume-averaging need to be taken into account, especially for the smaller distances and angles. Good agreement to CON F(r,θ) was obtained. The discrepancies at (1 cm, 0°), accurately predicted by the MC results, may suggest a reconsideration of CON F(r,θ), at least for this position. The slight overestimations at (3 cm,0°) and (5 cm,0°), both in comparison to CON F(r,θ) and MC results, may be due to an underestimation of the air volume between source and needle tip, dark current, intrinsic over-response of the mDDs, or radiation-induced charge imbalance in the detector's components. The results indicate that the mDD is a valuable tool for measurements with HDR 192 Ir brachytherapy sources and support its employment for the determination and validation of TG-43 parameters of such sources.The present research aims to enhance the biosurfactant (BS) production using agricultural by-products as a low-cost substrate with the statistical approach. BS production from Bacillus subtilis SASCBT01 was carried out with four different variables such as pH, incubation time, cassava peel waste (CPW) and palmira sprout (PS). The model expected the highest emulsification activity of 65 ± 1·2% after 96-h incubation with 3·0 g l-1 of CPW and PS at pH 7·0. The SASCBT01 strain-based BS was successful at retrieving up to 18% and the highest Pb removal rates were found at 65%. These BS have considered high quality in bioremediation applications.Neutrophils, which are traditionally regarded as a hallmark of inflammation, are also a member of the intratumoral immune cells. The roles of neutrophils in cancer development are diverse and undefined. So far, they are known to be involved in tumor initiation and tumor cell proliferation and metastasis. They show heterogeneity in both phenotypes and functions during early versus late stage of cancer development. Tanshinone I Because they are also associated with the clinical outcomes of various types of solid tumors, cancer treatments that target neutrophils might be highly effective. In this review, we briefly cover the latest findings on the multiple roles of neutrophils in cancer development and point out the future directions as well.
To understand factors that influence nurse manager job satisfaction.

Nurse managers influence patient care, staff retention and health care initiatives, yet poor retention and recruiting outcomes threaten the supply of managers. Research regarding staff nurse job satisfaction and retention is substantial, but far less is known about these same areas for nurse managers.

Electronic databases were systematically searched to find studies regarding nurse manager job satisfaction. Articles were selected using professional guidelines and set criteria. Fourteen peer-reviewed publications were included in this review. Major themes were extracted and synthesized.

Findings from this review indicate that nurse manager job satisfaction is influenced by workloads, organisational support, nurse manager-supervisor relationships and the quality of their training and competency.

This review found overwhelming workloads, inadequate resources, poor supervisor relationships and insufficient training to be commonplace for nurse managers. To improve satisfaction and retention, institutions must cultivate practice environments that promote healthy workloads, strong interorganisational relationships, professional growth and success of their nurse managers.

Findings from this study reveal areas for improvement that health care institutions and senior nursing leadership can use to transform practice environments, increase nurse managers' job satisfaction and entice them to stay.
Findings from this study reveal areas for improvement that health care institutions and senior nursing leadership can use to transform practice environments, increase nurse managers' job satisfaction and entice them to stay.
We describe cytologic and immunohistologic findings in virus transport medium on cases under investigation of SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Cytologic findings in cases under investigation of SARS-CoV-2 infection from one hundred consecutive nasopharyngeal swab were reviewed. Immunohistochemistry and SARSCoV-2 RT-PCR determination were performed to detect virus.

No viral inclusions were noted in squamous cells obtained from virus transport medium. Immunohistochemical study with monoclonal antibody against SARS-CoV-2 viral nucleoprotein showed positivity in squamous cells. No positivity was present in others cellular components.

SARS-CoV-2 predominantly localizes squamous cells in cytology samples of patients with RT-PCR positive determination of SARSCoV-2. The results of the current study support the notion that the nasopharyngeal region is the anatomical station that SARS-CoV-2 infects first, and the infection can lead to the migration of the virus into the lower airways.
SARS-CoV-2 predominantly localizes squamous cells in cytology samples of patients with RT-PCR positive determination of SARSCoV-2. The results of the current study support the notion that the nasopharyngeal region is the anatomical station that SARS-CoV-2 infects first, and the infection can lead to the migration of the virus into the lower airways.
To develop a method for slice-wise dynamic distortion correction for EPI using rapid spatiotemporal B
field measurements from FID navigators (FIDnavs) and to evaluate the efficacy of this new approach relative to an established data-driven technique.

A low-resolution reference image was used to create a forward model of FIDnav signal changes to enable estimation of spatiotemporal B
inhomogeneity variations up to second order from measured FIDnavs. Five volunteers were scanned at 3 T using a 64-channel coil with FID-navigated EPI. The accuracy of voxel shift measurements and geometric distortion correction was assessed for experimentally induced magnetic field perturbations. The temporal SNR was evaluated in EPI time-series acquired at rest and with a continuous nose-touching action, before and after image realignment.

Field inhomogeneity coefficients and voxel shift maps measured using FIDnavs were in excellent agreement with multi-echo EPI measurements. The FID-navigated distortion correction accured sequences to improve temporal SNR for a variety of clinical and research applications.
The role of inflammation in conventional cutaneous melanoma has been extensively studied, whereas only little is known about the inflammatory microenvironment and immunogenic properties of spitzoid melanocytic neoplasms. The composition of infiltrating immune cells and the architectural distribution of the inflammation, in particular, are still obscure. This is the first study, to our knowledge, to systematically characterise the inflammatory patterns and the leucocyte subsets in spitzoid melanocytic lesions.

We examined 79 spitzoid neoplasms including banal Spitz naevi (SN, n=50), atypical Spitz tumours (AST, n=17) and malignant Spitz tumours (MST, n=12) using histopathological analysis and immunohistochemistry. Spitzoid melanocytic lesions showed a high frequency (67.1%, n=53 of 79) of inflammation. Four inflammatory patterns were identified according to architectural composition, distribution and intensity of inflammation. The majority of the inflammatory infiltrate corresponded to CD3
/CD8
T lymphocytes (56.
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