Notes

The particular centrality involving personality towards the research area conditions (RDoC): The initial blocks regarding psychopathology.
How do individuals resist suicidal urges in a crisis? Deterrents for suicide can be conceptualized as reasons for living (RFL), but our understanding of their protective effects is predominantly informed by cross-sectional research. We examined the protective effects of RFL on suicidal ideation (SI) in daily life in a high-risk sample. We also tested whether personality traits moderated the strength of the dynamic RFL-SI link. Adults with a borderline personality disorder diagnosis (N = 153, nsuicide attempters = 105) completed a 21-day ambulatory assessment protocol. Daily endorsements of RFL were negatively linked to SI at the within-person but not the between-person level. Whereas suicide attempters endorsed RFL less frequently than non-attempters, the protective effect of RFL was undiminished in this group. Furthermore, RFL's protective effect was particularly pronounced in those with higher average levels of suicidal ideation. While people high on extraversion endorsed RFL more often, this increase was not protective against SI, indicating that RFL reflect heterogeneous underlying psychological processes, only some of which protect against SI.A large number of mechanisms, many relating to the processing of affect, have been proposed to cause dissociation. The aim of this study was to use network analyses to identify psychological processes most closely connected with 'felt sense of anomaly' dissociative experiences. Both an undirected model and a partially directed network model were estimated using data from 6161 general population respondents collected online. The networks were used to identify relationships between dissociation and ten candidate mechanisms cognitive appraisals, behavioural responses to dissociation, affect intolerance, alexithymia, attentional control, body vigilance, anxiety sensitivity, general self-efficacy, perseverative thinking, and beliefs regarding stress. Both models indicated a highly connected network in which dissociation had direct connections with six psychological processes cognitive appraisals, behavioural responses, perseverative thinking, alexithymia, general self-efficacy, and beliefs about being overwhelmed. The strongest connection in both networks was between dissociation and cognitive appraisals (causal effect 0.73). The causal direction of connections could not be statistically determined with confidence, apart from the strong probability that dissociation causes meta-cognitions about being overwhelmed (98.54% of 50,000 sampled directed acyclic graphs). Both networks suggest that cognitive appraisals and factors relating to heightened (negative) sensitivity to affect are closely connected to dissociation. Dissociative experiences may arise from a high sensitivity to affect leading to threat-based appraisals that are ruminated upon and maintained by unhelpful behaviours such as avoidance. Investigation of these relationships in clinical groups, and direct causal tests, are required.The association between early improvement and subsequent change in cognition is unexamined in antidementia clinical trials. We aimed to examine the consequences of early-response to antidementia medication in Alzheimer's disease. Participant-level data were analyzed from five pivotal clinical trials of donepezil for Alzheimer's disease lasting up to 24 weeks (N = 1917). Early-response was based on Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale-Cognitive Subscale (ADAS-Cog) change scores under minus four from baseline to week six, otherwise classified non-response; then subgrouped by donepezil or placebo. The primary analysis tested the group differences in ADAS-Cog change from baseline for the interval after week six up to 24, based on a three-level mixed-effects model repeated measures (MMRM) model. Four models of increasing complexity were tested, and the most parsimonious model was examined in the primary analysis. The remaining models were tested in sensitivity analysis. In the analytic sample, 32.09% (N = 396/1234) of donepezil and 24.01% (N = 164/683) of placebo participants were classified as early responders, and 67.91% donepezil (N = 838/1234), 75.99% (N = 519/683) placebo participants were not. MMRM identified a statistically significant (P less then 0.05) responder group effect. Marginal means (MM) demonstrated more improvement for the early responders (donepezil MM = -4.13, 95% CI = -5.93, -2.32; placebo MM = 1.81, 95% CI = -4.12, 0.50), compared to non-early responders (donepezil MM = 0.05, 95% CI = -1.40, 1.51; placebo MM = 2.59, 95% CI = 0.99, 4.19). Results replicated in sensitivity analysis. Our results inform clinicians regarding the extent and consequences of early improvement in cognitive functioning and potentially contribute to treatment monitoring and the design of clinical trials for Alzheimer's disease.
Individuals with major depressive disorder (MDD) have deficits in emotion regulation, which plays a putative role in psychopathology. The ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) are assumed to be involved in respective processes. In the present study, we aimed to explore the effect of stimulation over the dlPFC and vmPFC on emotion regulation in female with MDD.

Twenty women with MDD performed the Emotional Stroop, Emotional Go/No-Go, and Emotional 1-Back tasks during transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) in three separate sessions with the following electrode montages anodal dlPFC (F3)/cathodal vmPFC (Fp2), anodal vmPFC (Fp2)/cathodal dlPFC (F3), and sham stimulation.

Independent of the valence of the respective stimuli, accuracy and speed of interference control, accuracy of pre-potent inhibition, and accuracy, but not speed, of working memory performance improved during anodal left dlPFC/cathodal right vmPFC stimulation. Independent of stimulation conditions, interference control was reduced for sad faces, as compared to happy and neutral faces, and working memory performance was faster for happy than for neutral and sad faces. For the impact of stimulation on specific emotional qualities, anodal left dlPFC/cathodal right vmPFC, compared to sham stimulation, led to improved interference control of sad and neutral faces in the emotional Stroop task, as shown by faster reaction times. Furthermore, in that task accuracy with respect to neutral and happy face conditions was higher during both real stimulation conditions, as compared to sham stimulation.

The dlPFC is involved in emotion regulation in MDD. MM3122 Emotional valence is moreover relevant for the effect of stimulation over this area on interference control in MDD.
The dlPFC is involved in emotion regulation in MDD. Emotional valence is moreover relevant for the effect of stimulation over this area on interference control in MDD.Hypertrophic osteoarthropathy (HOA) is a disease characterized by abnormal skin findings and bone deformities related to subperiosteal bone formation. The disease can be associated with major systemic manifestations (secondary form) or present with absent or less prominent systemic signs and symptoms (primary form). The primary form is called pachydermoperiostosis (PDP). Whole body diffusion weighted imaging with background suppression (WB-DWIBS) is a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) technique that has been used to highlight whole body involvement in various entities by suppressing background body signals, and is commonly used in oncologic work-ups. In this paper, we present the case of a 23-year-old male presenting with normocytic anemia and coarse facial features, as well as biological anomalies, and we report the use of WB-DWIBS in establishing the patient's diagnosis of PDP.Radiation exposure due to radon contributes most of the ionizing radiation exposure to people among natural radiation sources. This research measured the 222Rn, 220Rn by the RADUET and their progeny concentrations by the improved deposition based 222Rn and 220Rn progeny monitor, and the contribution of outdoor PM2.5 concentrations to indoors by a modified steady-state mass balance model in Beijing, Changchun, China and Aomori, Japan. Based on these results, we preliminarily explored the relevance between the city level outdoor PM2.5 exposure and indoor 222Rn, 220Rn inhalation exposure in these three metropolises with different air quality levels. The average equilibrium equivalent radon concentration (EERC) and equilibirum equivalent thoron concentration (EETC) indoor were 17.2 and 1.1 Bq m-3 in Beijing, 19.4 and 1.3 Bq m-3 in Changchun, and 10.8 and 0.9 Bq m-3 in Aomori, respectively. The indoor EERC and EETC in Beijing showed 1.4 and 2.2 times as high as that measured in 2006. The indoor radiation dose due to inhalation presented in a descending order as Changchun, Beijing and Aomori, which were in accordance with their outdoor 222Rn concentrations. The indoor radiation doses due to 220Rn contributed 30% of the total dose in the three cities, indicating that 220Rn cannot be neglected when evaluating indoor radiation dose. It should be noted that, the indoor PM2.5 concentrations of outdoor origin presented strong correlation (r = 0.772) with indoor EETC and moderate correlation (r = 0.663) with indoor EERC, indicating that the PM2.5 of outdoor origin can break the concentration balance of the indoor PM2.5, then affect the indoor 222Rn and 220Rn behaviors, and further affect the inhalation exposure of radon.
Computerised prescriptions for Hospital Discharge Orders (HDO) are used world-wide to secure medication processes.

To evaluate physicians' adoption of computerised provider order-entry (CPOE) for HDO and the prescribing error rate of HDO in an acute medical care unit.

A prospective study was conducted in an internal medicine department over a six-month period. The use rate of CPOE for HDO edition, prescription lines concordance between CPOE-edited HDO, exit prescriptions transcribed in the discharge summary (DS), and prescribing error rate in CPOE-edited HDO were all evaluated.

A total of 407 patients with HDO were included in the study. HDO were edited via CPOE system for 350 patients (86%), among which 124 (35%) were identically transcribed, 217 (62%) had discrepancies, and nine (3%) were not transcribed in the discharge summary (DS). Prescription errors were analysed using the total of 2,854 drugs prescribed on HDO. Although hospital pharmacists had signalled discrepancies and provided recommendatiinforcement of error prevention strategies upon the integration of a CPOE system in the hospital's Electronic Health Records. Providing regular training for physicians is also a requirement.Multi-physics simulation techniques provide a platform that is used to gain insights into complex biological problems with multiple length scales such as cell electrodeformation (ED) and electropermeabilization (EP). However, owing to the large degrees of freedom required to compute the electromechanical properties at very different length scales (membrane thickness, cell size, and customized tissue scaffold) finite element (FE) simulations can be computationally very expensive. Here, we report on a general method of analysis by which we can systematically simulate multiscale ED under direct-current electric fields. In the context of electromechanical continuum behavior, the key novelty of our work is the introduction of a specific Dirichlet boundary condition, i.e. thin-layer approximation (TLA), to represent the capacitive elastic cell membrane. To test the robustness of this newly proposed procedure, Maxwell stress tensor (MST) and cell displacement arising from ED forces obtained with the TLA are compared with a model using a physical thickness of the cell membrane.
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