Notes

Spectroscopic analysis of defect-state engine performance in CdSe massive spots.
Surprisingly, different fiber attrition patterns during enzymatic and acid hydrolysis were found for similar mixing schedules. Specifically, for tumbling mixing, slow continuous mixing appears to function better than faster, intermittent mixing even for the same total number of drum revolutions. The findings indicate that reactor design and operation as well as hydrolysis conditions are key to process optimization and that detailed insights are needed to obtain fast liquefaction without sacrificing saccharification yields.
The patient's right to be involved in treatment decisions is anchored in guidelines and legislation in many countries. Previous research suggests challenges in the implementation of user involvement across different areas of health care, including mental health. BBI608 inhibitor However, little is known about psychiatric outpatients' experiences of being involved in their treatment.

To investigate how psychiatric outpatients after treatment rate the degree to which they were included in the treatment and explore the associations between perceived user involvement, demographic characteristics of the sample and patient satisfaction.

Cross-sectional.

The sample consisted of 188 psychiatric outpatients (67% female, mean age 42.2years) who were discharged in the two years prior to data collection.

Perceived user involvement in psychiatric outpatient treatment and patient satisfaction as measured by the Psychiatric Out-Patient Experiences Questionnaire.

About half of the participants rated the overall degree of involvement in their treatment as high or very high. The lowest percentage of participants reporting high or very high involvement was found for sufficient information to contribute to treatment decisions (36%). Female gender, higher education and, to a small degree, younger age were associated with more involvement. Perceived user involvement was strongly associated with treatment satisfaction.

The findings suggest that user involvement in psychiatric outpatient treatment can be improved. Patient information that facilitates user involvement should be given more attention.

The hospital's user panel was involved in the development of items assessing user involvement.
The hospital's user panel was involved in the development of items assessing user involvement.
Treatment for breast cancer can cause adverse effects such as pain and reduced upper limb function which can affect activities of daily living. The Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH) questionnaire is the most used tool for evaluating function in breast cancer survivors. However, some specific aspects have raised discussions about its restricted coverage, which can generate several biases.

To determine if DASH scores differed when assessed before and after task-oriented training (TOT) at 3 and 6 months after breast cancer surgery.

Prospective cohort study.

Institutional study of 22 women assessed at 3 and 6 months after breast cancer surgery.

The DASH questionnaire and TOT assessment. Two correlation tests were performed Spearman´s correlation between the total score of the two DASH scores (pre- and post-TOT) and the Kendall´s tau correlation between each of the items.

There was a moderate and excellent correlation between final DASH scores, pre- and post-TOT, at both 3 and 6 months postoperatively. However, when assessed individually, most of the DASH items were poorly correlated. There was also no agreement between the total DASH scores pre- and post-TOT as assessed by Bland-Altman plots.

Both the DASH and TOT are considered useful in clinical practice to assess upper limb function, although the use of TOT in some of the DASH items may reduce memory bias and improve skills estimation.
Both the DASH and TOT are considered useful in clinical practice to assess upper limb function, although the use of TOT in some of the DASH items may reduce memory bias and improve skills estimation.Pichia pastoris has emerged in the past years as a promising host for recombinant protein and biopharmaceutical production. In the establishment of high cell density fed-batch biomanufacturing, screening phase and early bioprocess development (based on microplates and shake flasks) still represent a bottleneck due to high-cost and time-consuming procedures as well as low experiment complexity. In the present work, a screening protocol developed for P. pastoris clone selection is implemented in a multiplexed microfluidic device with 15 μL cultivation chambers able to operate in perfusion mode and monitor dissolved oxygen content in the culture in a non-invasive way. The setup allowed us to establish carbon-limited conditions and evaluate strain responses to different input variables. Results from micro-scale perfusion cultures are then compared with 1L fed-batch fermentation. The best producer in terms of titer and productivity is rapidly identified after 12 h from inoculation and the results confirmed by lab-scale fermentation. Moreover, the physiological analyses of the strains under different conditions suggested how more complex experimental conditions are achievable despite the relatively easy, straight-forward, and cost-effective experimental setup. Implementation and standardization of these micro-scale protocols could reduce the demand for lab-scale bioreactor cultivations thus accelerating the development of protein production processes.
Glycaemic derangement has been linked to sleep disruption. However, the impact of glycaemic derangement on sleep pattern among children with type 1 diabetes (C-T1D) remains unraveled.

To assess the effect of nocturnal hyperglycaemia and clinically significant (CS) hypoglycaemia on sleep pattern among C-T1D.

Thirty C-T1D were compared to 30 age and sex matched healthy siblings. Patients having other organ disease that might cause sleep disorders or on medications causing sleep disturbance were excluded. History included diabetes-duration, type and dose of insulin therapy, chronic diabetic-complications, and manifestations of sleep disorders. Epworth Sleepiness Scale-Child Adolescent was used. Continuous glucose monitoring system (CGMS) and overnight polysomnography were done and analysed.

C-T1D had significantly lower sleep efficiency and significantly higher arousal index (AI), periodic limb movement index and apnoea-hypopnoea index compared to controls. Moreover, they had significantly longer sleep-osleep deepening, while hyperglycaemia is associated with increased light sleep, sleep onset latency.The KCNJ11 gene encodes the Kir6.2 subunit of the adenosine triphosphate-sensitive potassium (KATP ) channel, which plays a key role in insulin secretion. Monogenic diseases caused by KCNJ11 gene mutation are rare and easily misdiagnosed. It has been shown that mutations in the KCNJ11 gene are associated with neonatal diabetes mellitus (NDM), maturity-onset diabetes of the young 13 (MODY13), type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia. We report four patients with KCNJ11 gene mutations and provide a systematic review of the literature. A boy with diabetes onset at the age of 1 month was misdiagnosed as type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) for 12 years and received insulin therapy continuously, resulting in poor glycemic control. He was diagnosed as NDM with KCNJ11 E322K gene mutation, and glibenclamide was given to replace exogenous insulin. The successful transfer time was 4 months, much longer than the previous unsuccessful standard of 4 weeks. The other three patients were two sisters and their mother; the younger sister was misdiagnosed with T1DM at 13 years old, while the elder sister was diagnosed with diabetes (type undefined) at 16 years old. They were treated with insulin for 3 years, with poor glycemic control. Their mother was diagnosed with T2DM and achieved good glycemia control with glimepiride. They were diagnosed as MODY13 because of the autosomal dominant inheritance of two generations, early onset of diabetes before 25 years of age in the two sisters, and the presence of the KCNJ11 N48D gene mutation. All patients successfully transferred to sulfonylureas with excellent glycemic control. Therefore, the wide spectrum of clinical phenotypes of glucose dysmetabolism caused by KCNJ11 should be recognized to reduce misdiagnosis and implement appropriate treatment.
Cognitive inflexibility and over-attention to detail are two cognitive styles common to eating disorders (ED) and other psychopathologies characterized by rigid perfectionism. Despite many options to assess the above styles, the only self-report tool that simultaneously permits their specific assessment is the Detail and Flexibility Questionnaire (DFlex), originally developed to investigate the ED domain. The aim of this study was to validate the Italian version of the DFlex.

170 patients (149 females) with ED and 148 controls (100 females) completed the Italian version of the DFlex.

A Confirmatory Factor Analysis showed that the two-factor model originally proposed in the literature was a good fit to the data. Item factor loadings were largely equivalent across clinical and control groups, with intercept distributions showing higher values for the clinical group compared to controls. Both DFlex subscales showed good internal reliability and were able to predict membership to the group condition.

The DFlex is a reliable tool for investigation in the ED population. However, because DFlex items do not explicitly assess food and body shape domains, it is possible to extend its use to other psychopathologies characterized by rigid perfectionism. We propose the use of the DFlex in research and clinical practice as a useful tool for better understanding patients' cognitive functioning and in order to support treatment planning.
The DFlex is a reliable tool for investigation in the ED population. However, because DFlex items do not explicitly assess food and body shape domains, it is possible to extend its use to other psychopathologies characterized by rigid perfectionism. We propose the use of the DFlex in research and clinical practice as a useful tool for better understanding patients' cognitive functioning and in order to support treatment planning.A zinc-based single-atom catalyst has been recently explored with distinguished stability, of which the fully occupied Zn2+ 3d10 electronic configuration is Fenton-reaction-inactive, but the catalytic activity is thus inferior. Herein, we report an approach to manipulate the s-band by constructing a B,N co-coordinated Zn-B/N-C catalyst. We confirm both experimentally and theoretically that the unique N2 -Zn-B2 configuration is crucial, in which Zn+ (3d10 4s1 ) can hold enough delocalized electrons to generate suitable binding strength for key reaction intermediates and promote the charge transfer between catalytic surface and ORR reactants. This exclusive effect is not found in the other transition-metal counterparts such as M-B/N-C (M=Mn, Fe, Co, Ni and Cu). Consequently, the as-obtained catalyst demonstrates impressive ORR activity, along with remarkable long-term stability in both alkaline and acid media. This work presents a new concept in the further design of electrocatalyst.
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