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Our findings showed significantly reduced mid-upper arm circumference and increased body mass index in independent post-stroke patients after the enteral nutrition supplementation. The tendency of increasing total cholesterol level should be carefully watched in dependent post-stroke patients. Conclusion  Local food-based enteral nutrition supplementation for 3 consecutive weeks in post-stroke patients may improve their nutritional status.Background  Autism is a neurodevelopmental disorder and can be early detected with the aid of screening tools. Chandigarh autism screening instrument (CASI) is a newly developed tool to screen autistic symptoms among children aged between 1.5 to 10 years in the north Indian Hindi speaking population. Objective  In this study, we evaluated the caregiver report of autistic symptoms in preschool children (3-6 years) attending selected schools of Rohtak. Materials and Methods  The index study was conducted among 225 caregivers of school-going children aged between 3 to 6 years. Social and communication disorders checklist (SCDC-Hindi) and CASI was used to measure autistic symptoms. The modified Kuppuswamy scale was used for assessing the socioeconomic status of the caregivers. Results  The autistic symptoms varied from 2.2 to 18.7%, depending upon the CASI (cutoff score of 10) and SCDC (cutoff score of 9) measurements. The items in the shorter four-item version (CASI Bref) of CASI were found to be the predictors of autistic symptoms in this population. Children's gender, age, and socioeconomic status were not found to have any association with autistic symptoms in this setting. Conclusion  The study provides preliminary evidence in relation to the CASI-linked screening for autistic symptoms among preschool children. The shorter version of CASI (CASI Bref) can be an efficient quick screener for autistic traits, but the full version of CASI needs to be validated as per age-appropriate autism screening tools.Tracheostomy is a commonly performed operation in neurosurgical patients. It is an aerosol generating procedure and is considered a high-risk operation in times of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. Though percutaneous tracheostomy has been around for some time, many neurosurgeons still perform open surgical tracheostomy as they have been trained in doing so and are well versed with the procedure. However, this pandemic is a wake-up call for them to learn a new skill that is simple, quick, and has several advantages over the traditional method.Background  Among the patients of drug-resistant epilepsy, a subset which has focal impaired seizures localizes to the temporal lobe region (TLE). A majority of these cases are surgically amenable with anterior-medial temporal lobe resection or "lesionectomy." Objective  In India, there is scarcity of "specialized centers" providing "comprehensive epilepsy care" and this dearth is further worse in populous states. In this article, we share our single center, observational, and retrospective experience of TLE in background of limited resources and utmost requirement. Methodology  Our study is a retrospective analysis medically refractory epilepsy patients (2016-2019). Patients with medically refractory epilepsy were selected based upon our noninvasive protocol (clinical semiology, interictal scalp electroencephalography (EEG), long-term video EEG monitoring data, and magnetic resonance injury [MRI]). The follow-up was noted from the last out-patient visit record or through telephonic conversation (International League Against Epilepsy score). Results  Of 23 cases of TLE ( n = 7, mesial temporal sclerosis; n = 16 temporal lobe like cavernomas, tumors, or arterio-venous malformations). Single photon emission computed tomography/positron emission tomography (SPECT/PET) was performed in five cases (three cases of ictal/interictal SPECT and two cases of PET scan) where there was discordance between EEG/clinical and MRI. Rituximab supplier The median follow-up was of 19 months with 18 cases being seizure free. Five cases were fully off the antiepileptic drug (AEDs) while in 15 cases, the AEDs dosages or the number were reduced. Average number of AEDs reduced from 2.9 in preoperative period to 1.2 postoperatively. Two cases had quadrantanopia and one case of cerebrospinal fluid leak. Conclusion  A multidisciplinary and holistic approach is required for best patient care. The results of our initial surgical experience are encouraging.Background  Phenotyping dementia is always a complex task for a clinician. There is a need for more practical biomarkers to aid clinicians. Objective  The aim of the study is to investigate the shape profile of corpus callosum (CC) in different phenotypes of dementia. Materials and Methods  Our study included patients who underwent neuroimaging in our facility as a part of clinical evaluation for dementia referred from Geriatric Clinic (2017-2018). We have analyzed the shape of CC and interpreted the finding using a seven-segment division. Results  The sample included MPRAGE images of Alzheimer' dementia (AD) ( n = 24), posterior cortical atrophy- Alzheimer' dementia (PCA-AD) ( n = 7), behavioral variant of frontotemporal dementia (Bv-FTD) ( n = 17), semantic variant frontotemporal dementia (Sv-FTD) ( n = 11), progressive nonfluent aphasia (PNFA) ( n = 4), Parkinson's disease dementia (PDD) ( n = 5), diffuse Lewy body dementia ( n = 7), progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) ( n = 3), and corticobasal degeneration (CBD) ( n = 3). We found in posterior dementias such as AD and PCA-AD that there was predominant atrophy of splenium of CC. In Bv-FTD, the genu and anterior half of the body of CC was atrophied, whereas in PNFA, PSP, PDD, and CBD there was atrophy of the body of CC giving a dumbbell like profile. Conclusion  Our study findings were in agreement with the anatomical cortical regions involved in different phenotypes of dementia. Our preliminary study highlighted potential usefulness of CC in the clinical setting for phenotyping dementia in addition to clinical history and robust biomarkers.Background  Intracranial aneurysms are vascular malformations with significant mortality and morbidity profile. Various treatment modalities have been developed to positively impact the outcome profile with gradual shift to the minimally invasive treatment modalities. Gamma knife radiosurgery (GKRS) is an established primary treatment modality for various intracranial arteriovenous malformations (AVMs); however, its efficacy for berry aneurysmal obliteration has been historically dismal. Objective  The aim of this study is to evaluate the factors responsible for poor radio surgical outcome for intracranial aneurysms. Methods  The literature is reviewed for the differential efficacy of GKRS for aneurysm and AVM. Results  Though both are vascular malformations, aneurysm and AVM have inherent differences in angioarchitecture, intracranial location, surrounding neighborhood, radio-sensitivity, and latency for obliteration. The major difference arises because of surrounding neighborhood of connective tissue stroma which stabilizes the irradiated pathology.
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