Notes

Dreadds: Employ along with request within behavior neuroscience.
ially Available Low-fluoride and Fluoride-free Dentifrices for Children. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2021;14(2)183-186.
To compare the efficacy of lignocaine and benzocaine when applied as a topical anesthetic before intraoral local anesthetic administration in children.

Forty-four patients aged between 4 years and 10 years indicated for pulp therapy of primary teeth under inferior alveolar nerve block were selected for this study. The participants were randomly allocated into two groups of 22 each. Group I (lignocaine gel) and group II (benzocaine gel) were applied before inferior alveolar nerve block. The pain scale was assessed by a trained examiner using the visual analog scale (VAS) and sound eye motor scale.

Lignocaine when used as a topical anesthetic agent showed lower mean scores under both the pain scales when compared with benzocaine but the results were statistically insignificant.

Lignocaine and benzocaine are equally effective when applied as a topical anesthetic agent. But lignocaine was more preferred in taste when compared with benzocaine.

Kotian N, Mani G, Ramakrishnan M. Comparative Evaluation of Two Different Topical Anesthetic Agents in Controlling Pain during Intraoral Local Anesthetic Administration in Children A Split-mouth Triple-blinded Randomized Clinical Trial. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2021;14(2)180-182.
Kotian N, Mani G, Ramakrishnan M. Comparative Evaluation of Two Different Topical Anesthetic Agents in Controlling Pain during Intraoral Local Anesthetic Administration in Children A Split-mouth Triple-blinded Randomized Clinical Trial. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2021;14(2)180-182.
This study aims to compare the retentive strength of different adhesive cements used for band cementation of fixed space maintainer by comparing the shear peel bond strength and mode of failure for each adhesive material using three different adhesive cements.

Eighty intact extracted teeth were used to assess the shear peel bond strength. Preformed bands were adapted to each tooth. Three cements compared in this
study are glass ionomer cement [Ketac Cem radiopaque (3M ESPE)], resin-modified glass ionomer cement [RelyX luting 2(3M ESPE)], and self-adhesive resin cement [RelyX U200 (3M ESPE)]. The teeth were randomly divided to four groups of 20 samples each. All samples were stored at 37°C for 24 hours before testing. All specimens were tested in a tensile mode using a universal testing machine to determine shear peel bond. After debonding procedure, each specimen was visually assessed at the site of cement.

The results of our study showed that the greatest resistance to decementation was shown by seldiatr Dent 2021;14(2)175-179.
Kaur J, Singh A, Sadana G, et al. Evaluation of Shear Peel Bond Strength of Different Adhesive Cements Used for Fixed Space Maintainer Cementation An In Vitro Study. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2021;14(2)175-179.The Oxford® Partial Knee has excellent long-term survivorship but high surgical times indicate a learn curve. This retrospective review included a radiographic evaluation of component placement of the initial 300 procedures following conversion from fixed bearing implant use. The anteroposterior and sagittal femoral angles were considered inaccurate in 1.7% and 3.9% of cases, respectively. The anteroposterior and sagittal tibial angles were considered inaccurate in 18.7% and 6.0% of cases, respectively. Overall, a learning curve appears to be present regarding the anteroposterior tibial component angle, with the greatest percentage of inaccuracies occurring within the initial 20 cases.
Estrogen and osteoarthritis association has previously been proposed. This study evaluates the presence of estrogen receptors (ER)-α in articular cartilage, and its association.

A prospective cohort study of women undergoing anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (controls) or total knee arthroplasty (cases) was performed. Cartilage samples were processed and ER-α expression was quantified.

Twenty patients were included 12 cases and 8 controls. ER-α expression was higher in the case subjects.

Increased ER-α expression is associated with age, and degeneration. This suggests estrogen deficiency is a risk for osteoarthritis and is inversely related to proliferative looking chondrocytes.
Increased ER-α expression is associated with age, and degeneration. This suggests estrogen deficiency is a risk for osteoarthritis and is inversely related to proliferative looking chondrocytes.
The objective of this study was to find out the effect, course of disease and management of the COVID-19 infection in pregnant women and compare it with non-pregnant population.

This is a retrospective study done at Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel Institute of Medical Science and Research (SVPIMSR), Smt. Odanacatib NHL MMC, Ahmedabad, from April 1, 2020, to September 30, 2020
All COVID-19-positive patients were divided into two groups group A was comprised of pregnant/postpartum and group B of non-pregnant patients.

A total of 709 women (Group A-205, Group B-504) were included in the study, In group A 90% of patients were asymptomatic, while in group B 48% asymptomatic patients. Group A had 5.9% and group B had 13.1% patients having comorbidities. In group A, smaller number of patients had raised inflammatory markers as compared to group B. Only 4% patients of group A showed significant changes on chest X-ray as compared to 16% in group B. Only 2.9% patients of group A required intensive care unit admission as compared to 10.31% patients of group B. Mean hospital stay of group A was 10.6days, and that of group B was 12.1days.

In pregnancy, due to the physiological alterations in cardiovascular, respiratory and immune system, the pregnant women are vulnerable to infections. Although pregnancy is immunocompromised state, the severity of Coivd-19 disease is milder as compared to non-pregnant COVID-19-positive patients.
In pregnancy, due to the physiological alterations in cardiovascular, respiratory and immune system, the pregnant women are vulnerable to infections. Although pregnancy is immunocompromised state, the severity of Coivd-19 disease is milder as compared to non-pregnant COVID-19-positive patients.The role that the desire for self-worth plays in international relations has become a prominent topic in contemporary political theory. Contemporary accounts are based on the notion of national self-worth as a function of status; therefore, the desire for national self-worth is seen as a source of anxiety and conflict over status. By contrast, according to Christian Wolff, there exists a duty to take care that both one's own and other political communities deserve to be esteemed. In his view, this duty is grounded in the duty of self-perfection because the qualities for which communities deserve to be esteemed are those that promote the self-perfection of individuals. From this perspective, he argues that duties of esteem toward political communities should not be seen as an outcome of power relations but rather as an outcome of the fulfillment of functions of the law of peoples. Wolff's line of argument draws attention to the possibility that anger over a violation of the desire for honor could be mistaken for an expression of specific culture-specific sensitivities, while what really may be expressed is a diverging interpretation of the implications of dependence in international relations.Sophisticated three-dimensional microstructures fabricated using the negative tone SU-8 photoresist are used in many biomedical and microfluidic applications. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and profilometry are commonly used metrological techniques for the dimensional characterization of fabricated SU-8 microstructures but are not viable for non-destructive measurements and characterization of subsurface features like hidden microchannels. In this study, we report a unique methodology for the non-destructive dimensional characterization of SU-8 microstructures using the emitted autofluorescence radiation from fabricated SU-8 microstructures to generate depth profiles. The relationship between autofluorescence emission intensities and the thicknesses of the microstructures measured using SEM was determined and used to characterize the dimensions of unknown SU-8 microstructures based on their autofluorescence intensities. Lateral dimensions were also measured. This relationship was used to create highly accurate depth profiles for different types of microstructures including hidden subsurface features. These results were validated by comparison with SEM. The results suggest a feasible and accurate non-destructive, low cost, metrological technique to characterize SU-8 surface and subsurface microstructures using autofluorescence emission intensities.Materials are elements that configure our built environment and are key components in design and engineering education. This research aims to understand learners' sensorial perception of materials as stimuli and what constitutes the most appropriate communication channel for learning about their characteristics without losing information in accordance with their VAK learning styles-visual, auditory and kinaesthetic-. Seventy-five people participated in this workshop. Using evaluation tools in a test format, they evaluated all the sensory properties of the following materials Alusion™, PolarMoss, and Silkworms. These three materials were presented in various interaction formats, called channels a text plus image-C1-, video-C2-, and a physical sample plus audio-C3-. Two types of experiments were carried out mixed per person-interaction with the three materials in a different channel each time in random order-and blocked per person-interaction with the same material in the three channels, in an order of C1-C3. The data obtained was analysed using mixed models with the channel as a fixed factor and the individuals and material as the random factors. The most relevant results indicate significant differences between channels in accordance with the sensory property, normally C2 and C3. The level of responses between the two experiments is similar, therefore showing that the order C1-C2-C3 does not affect perception. Although the three learning styles-visual, auditory, and kinaesthetic-coexist in the participants, the vast majority agree that they prefer C3 as easier to evaluate, more entertaining and the best way to learn.Research has demonstrated that gesture produced during conversation can provide insights into scientific thinking and can aid scientific communication in adults and school-aged children. However, to date, there has been a limited exploration into the role of gesture in supporting young children's science communication, and how this is underpinned and shaped by their sensorimotor experiences. This study examines, identifies and conceptualises ways in which children spontaneously used gesture during their interaction-orientated discourse and how this mapped to their action experiences at a water table. Findings show how gestural communication in children under 5 years of age can convey different levels of complexity related to science thinking.Stock index price forecasting is the influential indicator for investors and financial investigators by which decision making capability to achieve maximum benefit with minimum risk can be improved. So, a robust engine with capability to administer useful information is desired to achieve the success. The forecasting effectiveness of stock market is improved in this paper by integrating a modified crow search algorithm (CSA) and extreme learning machine (ELM). The effectiveness of proposed modified CSA entitled as Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO)-based Group oriented CSA (PGCSA) to outperform other existing algorithms is observed by solving 12 benchmark problems. PGCSA algorithm is used to achieve relevant weights and biases of ELM to improve the effectiveness of conventional ELM. The impact of hybrid PGCSA ELM model to predict next day closing price of seven different stock indices is observed by using performance measures, technical indicators and hypothesis test (paired t-test). The seven stock indices are considered by incorporating data during COVID-19 outbreak.
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