Notes

An assessment scientific research involving ethnic habitat companies within urban eco-friendly commercial infrastructure.
No recurrence of the lesions was reported in any of the studied groups.

Intralesional antigen immunotherapy seems to be an effective therapeutic option for the treatment of periungual warts.
Intralesional antigen immunotherapy seems to be an effective therapeutic option for the treatment of periungual warts.
The clinical outcomes of reoperations for recurrent neurogenic thoracic outlet syndrome (NTOS) remain undefined.

From 2009 to 2019, 90 patients with recurrent NTOS underwent anatomically complete supraclavicular reoperation after previous operation(s) performed at other institutions using either supraclavicular (Prev-SC = 48), transaxillary (Prev-TA = 31), or multiple/combination (Prev-MC = 11) approaches. Prospectively maintained data were analyzed retrospectively.

The mean patient age was 39.9 ± 1.4 years, 72% were female, and the mean interval after previous operation was 4.1 ± 0.6 years. The mean Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (QuickDASH) score was 62 ± 2, reflecting substantial preoperative disability. Residual scalene muscle was present in 100% Prev-TA, 79% Prev-SC, and 55% Prev-MC (
< .05). Retained/residual first rib was present in 90% Prev-TA, 75% Prev-SC, and 55% Prev-MC (
< .05). There were no differences in operative time (overall 210 ± 5 minutes), length of hospital sd after transaxillary operations than after supraclavicular or multiple/combined operations. Supraclavicular reoperation can achieve significant symptom reduction and functional improvement for approximately 90% of patients with recurrent NTOS.
Multicentric retrospective study, Level of evidence III.

The objective of this multicentric study was to analyze the prevalence and risk factors of early postoperative complications in adult spinal deformity patients treated with fusion. Additionally, we studied the impact of complications on unplanned readmission and hospital length of stay.

Eight spine centers from 6 countries in Latin America were involved in this study. Patients with adult spinal deformity treated with fusion surgery from 2017 to 2019 were included. Baseline and surgical characteristics such as age, sex, comorbidities, smoking, number of levels fused, number of surgical approaches were analyzed. Postoperative complications at 30 days were recorded according to Clavien-Dindo and Glassman classifications.

172 patients (120 females/52 males, mean age 59.4 ± 17.6) were included in our study. 78 patients suffered complications (45%) at 30 days, 43% of these complications were considered major. Unplanned readmission was observed in 35 patients (20,3%). Risk factors for complications were Smoking, previous comorbidities, number of levels fused, two or more surgical approaches and excessive bleeding. Hospital length of stay in patients without and with complications was of 7.8 ± 13.7 and 17 ± 31.1 days, respectively (
0.0001).

The prevalence of early postoperative complications in adult spinal deformity patients treated with fusion was of 45% in our study with 20% of unplanned readmissions at 30 days. Presence of complications significantly increased hospital length of stay.
The prevalence of early postoperative complications in adult spinal deformity patients treated with fusion was of 45% in our study with 20% of unplanned readmissions at 30 days. Presence of complications significantly increased hospital length of stay.
Retrospective cohort study.

No consensus exists among surgeons on which radiologic method to prefer for the assessment of curve flexibility in spinal deformity. The objective of this study was to evaluate the difference in curve correction on supine traction radiographs versus prone side bending radiographs.

A retrospective analysis of idiopathic scoliosis (IS), degenerative idiopathic scoliosis (DIS) and de novo degenerative lumbar scoliosis (DNDLS) patients was performed on supine traction as well as prone bending films (when available). Age, weight, traction force, diagnosis and Cobb angles of the primary and secondary curves were extracted. Differences in curve correction (percentages) on traction versus prone bending radiographs were analyzed for the primary and secondary curve. Subgroup analyses were performed for the 3 different diagnoses.

In total, 170 patients were eligible for inclusion. 43 were diagnosed with IS, 58 with DIS and 69 with DNDLS. For the primary curve, greater curve correction was obtained with bending in the DNDLS group (
< 0.001). In the DIS group, there was a trend toward more correction on bending (
= 0.054). In de IS group no difference was found. For the secondary curve, bending showed more curve correction in the IS and DIS group (
= 0.002 and
<0.001). NSC697923 molecular weight No difference was found in the DNDLS group.

Compared to traction radiographs, bending radiographs better serve the purpose of curve flexibility assessment of IS, DIS and DNDLS spinal deformity, despite the fact that patients are exposed to more radiation.
Compared to traction radiographs, bending radiographs better serve the purpose of curve flexibility assessment of IS, DIS and DNDLS spinal deformity, despite the fact that patients are exposed to more radiation.
The present study aimed to establish a normative database of neck strength and endurance while exploring personal and work-related factors that can significantly influence neck strength and endurance.

A normative database combining both neck strength and endurance and delineating how they are affected by personal and work-related factors is currently lacking. It is needed for the development of tools and guidelines for designing work requiring head-neck exertions to contain the risk of occupational neck pain.

Forty healthy participants (20 males and 20 females) performed sustained-till-exhaustion head-neck exertions, while seated, at 50% and 100% of their maximal efforts in anterior, anterior-superior, and posterior-superior directions in neutral, 40° extended, and 40° flexed neck postures. Exertion force and endurance time data from 38 participants were recorded and analyzed using regression models.

Overall, multiple regression analyses of the neck strength and endurance database revealed that head-neck posture is the most significant determinant of both neck strength and endurance. The time of day significantly influenced neck endurance. Among the personal factors, a significant sex effect on neck strength and significant age and body mass index (BMI) effects on neck endurance were identified.

The work-related factors play a more significant role in shaping both neck strength and endurance than personal factors and therefore are more important modifiable factors in meeting the physical demands of work.

The study findings can aid in work design as well as in pre-employment screening to reduce the incidence of neck pain in the workplace.
The study findings can aid in work design as well as in pre-employment screening to reduce the incidence of neck pain in the workplace.
Retrospective cohort study.

The purpose of the study is to evaluate the role of supine radiographs in determining flexibility of thoracic and thoracolumbar curves.

Ninety operative AIS patients with 2-year follow-up from a single institution were queried and classified into MT structural and TL structural groups. Equations were derived using linear regression to compute cut-off values for MT and TL curves. Thresholds were externally validated in a separate database of 60 AIS patients, and positive and negative predictive values were determined for each curve.

MT supine values were highly predictive of MT side-bending values (TL group 0.63,
< 0.001; MT group 0.66,
= 0.006). Similarly, TL supine values were highly predictive of TL side-bending values (TL group 0.56,
= 0.001 MT group 0.68,
= 0.001). From our derived equations, MT and TL curves were considered structural on supine films if they were ≥ 30° and 35°, respectively. Contingency table analysis of external validity sample showed that supine films were highly predictive of structurality of MT curve (Sensitivity = 0.91, PPV = 0.95, NPV = 0.81) and TL curve (Sensitivity = 0.77, PPV = 0.81, NPV = 0.94). ROC analysis revealed that the area under curve for MT structurality from supine films was 0.931 (SEM 0.03, CI 0.86-0.99,
< 0.001) and TL structurality from supine films was 0.922 (SEM 0.03, CI- 0.84-0.98,
< 0.001).

A single preoperative supine radiograph is highly predictive of side-bending radiographs to assess curve flexibility in AIS. A cut-off of ≥ 30° for MT and ≥ 35° for TL curves in supine radiographs can determine curve structurality.
A single preoperative supine radiograph is highly predictive of side-bending radiographs to assess curve flexibility in AIS. A cut-off of ≥ 30° for MT and ≥ 35° for TL curves in supine radiographs can determine curve structurality.Aim To compare secondary systemic treatment (SST) continuation and associated resource use and costs in chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGvHD) patients in the USA. Materials & methods This was a retrospective study using Truven Health MarketScan database (2009-2016). cGvHD patients were classified as continuers or discontinuers if treated with SST for ≥180 days without or with a treatment gap (≥45 days), respectively. Results Among 464 cGvHD patients with SST, mTOR inhibitors, extracorporeal photopheresis and imatinib were most frequently used. A total of 172 patients were SST continuers and 292 were discontinuers. Extracorporeal photopheresis treated patients were the highest continuers, followed by imatinib and mTOR inhibitors. SST continuers had lower monthly hospitalization costs versus discontinuers. Conclusion This real-world analysis demonstrates high SST continuation rates in cGvHD patients are associated with lower resource utilization and cost.
A retrospective observational study.

To clarify the association of the paraspinal muscle area and composition with clinical features in patients with cervical ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL).

Consecutive patients with cervical OPLL who underwent cervical magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) before surgery were reviewed. The cross-sectional area (CSA) and fatty infiltration ratio (FI%) of deep posterior cervical paraspinal muscles (multifidus [MF] and semispinalis cervicis [SCer]) were examined. We assessed the association of paraspinal muscle measurements with the clinical characteristics and clinical outcomes, such as Neck Disability Index (NDI) score. Moreover, we divided the patients into 2 groups according to the extent of the ossified lesion (segmental and localized [OPLL-SL] and continuous and mixed [OPLL-CM] groups) and compared these variables between the 2 groups.

49 patients with cervical OPLL were enrolled in this study. The FI% of the paraspinal muscles was significantly associated with the number of vertebrae (
= 0.283,
= 0.049) or maximum occupancy ratio of OPLL (
= 0.397,
= 0.005). The comparative study results indicated that the NDI score was significantly worse (OPLL-SL, 22.9 ± 13.7 vs. OPLL-CM, 34.4 ± 13.7) and FI% of SCer higher (OPLL-SL, 9.1 ± 1.7% vs. OPLL-CM, 11.1 ± 3.7%) in the OPLL-CM group than those in the OPLL-SL group.

Our results suggest that OPLL severity may be associated with fatty infiltration of deep posterior cervical paraspinal muscles, which could affect neck disability in patients with cervical OPLL.
Our results suggest that OPLL severity may be associated with fatty infiltration of deep posterior cervical paraspinal muscles, which could affect neck disability in patients with cervical OPLL.
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