Notes

The Group Nurturance Stock * original psychometric examination employing Rasch as well as aspect examination.
Telehealth allows information-sharing and clinical care at a distance via telecommunication and information technologies. While telehealth promises to increase access for underserved populations (particularly those in rural areas), roadblocks are slowing widespread availability. These roadblocks have created disparities that are most acute in rural areas, and for racial minorities, the elderly, and those with low levels of educational attainment. The success of telehealth relies on having reliable, high-quality broadband access, facilitating interstate licensing for providers and parity in reimbursement for telehealth. However, due to various structural barriers, telehealth is not being adopted as quickly in rural areas, where it is most needed. We describe broadband access by state, state adoption of the Interstate Medical Licensure Compacts (IMLCs), which facilitates the practice of telehealth across states, and state adoption of telehealth parity laws. We discuss each of these in turn and provide policy recommendations.Currently, over 100,000 individuals in the Metro Nashville, TN area are either uninsured or underinsured, a statistic that is of grave concern in an increasingly prosperous and growing city. It is, however, unsurprising in a state that has not expanded Medicaid. In the absence of Medicaid expansion, public safety-net hospitals prove ever more vital in addressing the health needs of the community. Nashville's only public safety-net hospital-Nashville General Hospital (NGH)-faces challenges associated with financial growth as well as changes in the demographic profile of the patient population and in-service utilization. To combat the decline, NGH, like many similar hospitals around the country, may consider possible organizational and financial restructuring to achieve sustainability.Racial and ethnic health inequities have been magnified during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Linguistic barriers are a recognized source of health inequities for ethnic minority communities whose health communication needs cannot be adequately met in the majority language. Emergency circumstances, such as respiratory distress and end-of-life care, carry elevated risk of medical error due to miscommunication and are increasingly common during the current pandemic. We have identified three key opportunities to improve health equity for linguistic minority populations as a result of the COVID-19 public health crisis patient and clinician language data collection in health systems, linguistically and culturally appropriate public health messaging, and health care workforce communication skills education.The Black Panther Party (originally known as the Black Panther Party for Self-Defense) was founded on October 15, 1966 by Huey P. Newton and Bobby Seale in Oakland, California. While the Black Panther Party (BPP) is known for its armed self-defense philosophy and confrontations with the police and the federal government, what is less well known about the Black Panthers is their community work and their fight for health equity for marginalized populations, especially the Black population. This article discusses how the Black Panthers implemented health initiatives in their communities as well as how they fought against forces that tried to control them.
In the face of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) physical distancing mandates, community-engaged research (CER) faces new vulnerabilities in the equitable inclusion of communities within research partnerships aiming to address these very inequities.

We convened a series of virtual meetings with our CER partnership to discuss the current state of activities and to identify considerations for remote community engagement. We outlined and expanded recommendations through iterative, partnered discussions to inform protections against new CER susceptibilities.

This article presents CER recommendations in translational COVID-19 research for health equity, including increasing accessibility for remote engagement, promoting opportunities for bi-directional knowledge exchange, committing to a community-centered workforce, and leveraging novel opportunities within community-academic partnerships.

Researchers conducting CER face an opportunity to reimagine community engagement remotely for partnered resilience to ensure the voices of the most affected are appropriately and inclusively integrated into all aspects of decision-making within the COVID-19 research, practice, and policymaking continuum.
Researchers conducting CER face an opportunity to reimagine community engagement remotely for partnered resilience to ensure the voices of the most affected are appropriately and inclusively integrated into all aspects of decision-making within the COVID-19 research, practice, and policymaking continuum.From 2014-2019, Centro SOL provided research consultation services to 77 investigators interested in including Latinx and limited English proficiency populations in their research. The most common requests were for study recruitment (the very most common) and for translation and materials review. Challenges to providing services included financial sustainability and variable institutional review board policies, among others.A previously unstudied trilingual medieval medical manuscript, ca. 1400, RARES 091 M31, has been in the State Library Victoria, Melbourne, since 1862. The texts in this codex reveal the pedagogical and personal interests of a compiler from the world of Oxford colleges, halls, and libraries in the late fourteenth century. It contains academic medical texts as well as writings of a personal nature-charms, verses, prayers-in Latin, French, and Middle English. It appears to have been associated with Henry Beaumond (d. 1415), whose name appears in the codex. Beaumond was a physician with a problematic association with Exeter College, Oxford University. A good deal of information survives about Beaumond and his books, as well as his association with the influential cleric at New College, Oxford, Walter Awde (d. after 1404), who is also named in the manuscript. This study provides images and a full physical description of the manuscript.This article explores the history of the immunization schedule-a table that orders mandatory and recommended vaccines and their boosters through time. My study focuses on France, from the late 1950s to the 1990s. A couple of conferences at the turn of the 1960s set the parameters for immunization schedules, providing insights into their expected disciplinary functions. In the wake of these conferences, a long series of clinical trials aimed to simplify and rationalize the schedules. These trials were carried out by the International Children's Center (ICC), an institution whose aim transitioned in the mid-1960s from the standardization of the sole vaccine against tuberculosis to the simplification of the expanding immunization device for children. CADD522 supplier I draw from the ICC's experimental work on schedules to define "simplification" with regard to the notion of standardization.This article documents Joseph Lister's reluctance to publish numerical material and aims at explaining his skeptical view about statistics through an investigation of his approach in its historical context. In this context, statistics was only one kind of evidence used in surgery, along with case histories and experimental results from the laboratory. They represent different "ways of knowing," anchored in different social, conceptual, and practical contexts. The account looks at Lister's approach to wound disease and analyzes how this relates to his attitude toward different types of evidence about surgical outcomes. For this, it also examines his contemporaries' approaches to fighting wound disease as well as their evaluation of different kinds of evidence. This article is a contribution to the history of Lister's antisepsis, but also to the history of the production and use of therapeutic knowledge in nineteenth- and early twentieth-century surgery more generally.After briefly surveying the New History of Capitalism and its objectives, this article explores ways that the history of medicine and the history of capitalism can productively interact. The article argues that historians of medicine should adopt a broad definition of "capitalism" to accommodate the distinctive nature of medical and health care markets. Across millennia and diverse cultures, medical markets have demonstrated extensive commodification, with spiritual or religious goods and services composing a significant portion of commercial trade. Moreover, health care markets, at least since the ancient era, have been susceptible to third-party interventions by both the state and voluntary organizations. Accordingly, historians of medicine should look for pockets of capitalist exchange in otherwise noncapitalist economies and also assess how the logic of capitalism has influenced government programming and other types of third-party involvement in the health care market. To illustrate that insights from the history of capitalism can be applied to many topics within the history of medicine, this article presents three case studies. It examines medical markets in ancient Egypt; in Medieval Europe as managed by the Catholic Church; and in Germany, England, and the United States at the end of the nineteenth century and into the twentieth.This essay interrogates the role of the charkha (spinning wheel) in Mohandas Gandhi's thought. It argues that spinning deserves to be recognized as belonging in the realm of other high concepts and practices, such as non-violence, that have garnered much more academic attention. The article explores the centrality of the charkha to Gandhi's ideology, emphasizing underappreciated facets such as its physical, moral, and spiritual effects. Finally, it argues that the versatility of the spinning wheel to Gandhi offers insights into how he conceived of and negotiated the relationship between means and ends in his philosophy.Like a number of contemporary progressive thinkers, William Clarke (1852-1901) was a socialist with liberal leanings. Believing in the benefits of collective ownership and democratic reform, he joined the Fabian Society in 1886 before resigning from it in 1897. This article seeks to account for Clarke's intellectual development from socialism to liberalism by focusing on the implications of his political writings. It argues that this estrangement partly resulted from the incompatibility between the principle of historic necessity underlying his critique of private ownership and his ongoing commitment to democracy and pragmatic reform.Mill's statement that "poetry is overheard" is often read as a definition of the lyric in miniature and is associated with social retreat. Yet Mill saw his encounter with the Wordsworthian lyric as a corrective to utilitarian social theory, and as a supplement to Adam Smith's theory of sympathy. Mill suggests that the writings of James Mill and Jeremy Bentham overlook the bond connecting individuals to one another. He reconceives communal aspects of feeling by drawing on Wordsworth's poetry as the fulfillment of Smith's affective account of social relations, a development which anticipates affect theory.
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