Notes

The Impact associated with Biomedical Architectural around the Continuing development of Noninvasive Cardio-Thoracic Surgical procedure.
Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba, hereafter 'krill') exemplify the methodological challenges of studying small, mobile, aggregating pelagic organisms.1 Krill are a central species in the Southern Ocean food web, provide important biogeochemical functions and support a valuable commercial fishery.2 Most of what we know about krill has been derived from acoustic surveys and net samples, the former being essential for estimating krill biomass and catch limits. However, understanding krill behavior, particularly in the poorly-studied autumn-winter seasons, is key for management and conservation. Here, we used seasonal video observations collected with a profiling camera system of krill along the Western Antarctic Peninsula to reveal krill vertical distribution, aggregation density and individual behaviors that have remained hidden from traditional sampling methods.3.The encoding of light increments and decrements by separate On- and Off- systems is a fundamental ingredient of vision, which supports edge detection and makes efficient use of the limited dynamic range of visual neurons1. Theory predicts that the neural representation of On- and Off-signals should be balanced, including across an animal's visible spectrum. Here we find that larval zebrafish violate this textbook expectation in the zebrafish brain, UV-stimulation near exclusively gives On-responses, blue/green stimulation mostly Off-responses, and red-light alone elicits approximately balanced On- and Off-responses (see also references2-4). We link these findings to zebrafish visual ecology, and suggest that the observed spectral tuning boosts the encoding of object 'colourfulness', which correlates with object proximity in their underwater world5.Autotomy, the voluntary shedding of a body part, is common to distantly-related animals such as arthropods, gastropods, asteroids, amphibians, and lizards1,2. Autotomy is generally followed by regeneration of shed terminal body parts, such as appendages or tails. Here, we identify a new type of extreme autotomy in two species of sacoglossan sea slug (Mollusca Gastropoda). Surprisingly, they shed the main body, including the whole heart, and regenerated a new body. In contrast, the shed body did not regenerate the head. These sacoglossans can incorporate chloroplasts from algal food into their cells to utilise for photosynthesis (kleptoplasty3), and we propose that this unique characteristic may facilitate survival after autotomy and subsequent regeneration.Since antiquity, the term 'imitation' has been used promiscuously in biology and everyday life. Anything that makes some individuals look or act like others has been called imitation, from the evolutionary process that makes edible butterflies look like their inedible cousins (better known as Batesian mimicry), to the rag-bag of psychological processes that make people wear similar clothes, eat in the same restaurants, and use the same gestures for communication.Cathleen Lake and Scott Hawley discuss the components, assembly and functional importance of the synaptonemal complex.Interview with Erin Goley, who studies the mechanisms governing bacterial morphogenesis and the regulation of bacterial growth in changing environments at Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine.Dima and Inzé discuss how Europe is lagging behind in embracing the potential of genome editing in crops and highlight how scientists can contribute to advising on effective science-based policies for more sustainable agriculture through genome editing.
To evaluate among pediatricians and family physicians human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination recommendation practices for 11- to 12-year-old youth; report parental refusal/deferral of HPV vaccination; and report barriers to HPV vaccination changed over time.

We surveyed nationally representative networks of pediatricians and family physicians in 2008, 2010, 2013-2014, and 2018. Male vaccination questions were not asked in 2008; barriers and parental vaccine refusal questions were not asked in2010.

Response rates were 80% in 2008 (680/848), 72% in 2010 (609/842), 70% in 2013-2014 (582/829), and 65% in 2018 (588/908). The proportion of physicians strongly recommending HPV vaccination for 11- to 12-year-old patients increased from 53% in 2008 to 79% in 2018 for female patients and from 48% in 2014 to 76% in 2018 for male patients (both P<.0001). The proportion of physicians indicating ≥50% of parents refused/deferred HPV vaccination remained steady for female patients (24% in 2008 vs 22% in 2018, P=.40) and decreased for male patients (42% in 2014 vs 28% in 2018, P<.001). Physician barriers to providing HPV vaccination were rare and decreased over time. Increasing numbers of physicians reported perceived parental barriers of vaccine safety concerns (5% "major barrier" in 2008 vs 35% in 2018, P<.0001) and moral/religious concerns (5% in 2008 vs 25% in 2018, P<.0001).

Between 2008 and 2018, more primary care physicians reported recommending HPV vaccination for adolescents, fewer reported barriers, and more physicians reported parents who had vaccine safety or moral/religious concerns.
Between 2008 and 2018, more primary care physicians reported recommending HPV vaccination for adolescents, fewer reported barriers, and more physicians reported parents who had vaccine safety or moral/religious concerns.
To evaluate the impact of prophylactic indomethacin on early death (<10days after birth) or severe neurologic injury and on early death or spontaneous intestinal perforation by completed weeks of gestational age in neonates born <29weeks of gestation.

This was a multicenter, retrospective cohort study of neonates (n=12 515) born at 23
weeks of gestational age, admitted to neonatal intensive care units participating in the Canadian Neonatal Network who received prophylactic indomethacin started within the first 12hours after birth. Univariate and multivariate analysis compared the composite outcomes of early death or severe neurologic injury and early death or spontaneous intestinal perforation.

Of 12 515 eligible neonates, 1435 (11.5%) were exposed to prophylactic indomethacin; recipients were of lower gestational age and birth weight and had greater severity of illness (Score of Neonatal Acute Physiology with Perinatal Extension) on admission compared with nonrecipients. After we adjusted for ctigate the effect of prophylactic indomethacin in babies born at 23-25 weeks of gestational age.
Breast cancer is a complex disease. Recent research has examined the anticancer effects of dihydroartemisinin (DHA) on breast cancer. However, the molecular mechanism of the antitumour effect of DHA is unclear.

MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231cell lines were used for in vitro research. BALB/c nude mice were used to establish breast cancer xenografts. The mRNA and protein levels were analysed by qRT-PCR and western blotting, respectively. Flow cytometry was performed to examine cell apoptosis. ELISA kits were used to evaluate the production of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and IL-18. LDH and ATP release were individually measured with the corresponding kits. A colony formation assay was used to examine the proliferation of breast cancer cells.

DHA inhibited proliferation and induced pyroptosis in breast cancer cells. Mechanistically, DHA activated the expression of absent in melanoma 2 (AIM2), caspase-3 and gasdermin E (DFNA5). In addition, AIM2 promoted DFNA5 expression by activating caspase-3. Knockdown of AIM2 and DFNA5 significantly enhanced breast cancer cell resistance to DHA. In vivo experiments showed that the tumorigenicity of breast cancer cells was significantly suppressed by DHA. Moreover, the AIM2/caspase-3/DFNA5 axis was activated by DHA and then induced pyroptosis.

Our findings indicate that DHA inhibits tumorigenesis by inducing pyroptosis in breast cancer cells, highlighting a promising therapeutic strategy for breast cancer.
Our findings indicate that DHA inhibits tumorigenesis by inducing pyroptosis in breast cancer cells, highlighting a promising therapeutic strategy for breast cancer.Pancreatic cancer is one of the most malignant cancers around the world. The co-occurrence of mutation in KRAS and p53 makes it highly aggressive, proliferative, metastatic, and resistant to apoptotic cell death. Therefore, there is a need to trigger an alternate mechanism of cancer cell death in apoptosis-resistant pancreatic cancer. Autophagic cell death could be an alternate viable option for treatment in such cases. Thus, the identification of small molecules as autophagy modulators with potent anticancer efficacy would be of great importance in pancreatic cancer. The present study investigates fluorinated thiazolidionol (FTZ) driven autophagy modulation, underlying mechanism, and regulation of critical sentinels of oncogenic signaling in pancreatic cancer cells. We identified that FTZ triggered autophagic cell death in pancreatic cancer cells, independent of apoptosis evidenced by an increase in cytoplasmic vacuoles formation, autophagy flux, LC3-II expression, and p62 degradation. PX-478 Further, the crucial events of apoptosis i.e., Caspase-3 activation and PARP cleavage, were not observed, indicating the non-occurrence of apoptotic cell death. Moreover, FTZ was able to activate AMPK and suppress PI3k/Akt/mTOR as well as MEK/ERK, the key oncogenic signaling pathways in cancer cells. Furthermore, treatment with FTZ suppressed migration, invasion, and angiogenesis in pancreatic cancer cells. Studies in vivo revealed significant regression of tumors by FTZ in nude mice model. Overall, our study demonstrates that FTZ induces autophagic cell death in pancreatic cancer cells independent of apoptosis, which is accompanied by AMPK activation and suppression of critical sentinels of oncogenic signaling in pancreatic cancer cells.Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) affects 5-10% of pregnancies and increases the risk of fetal and maternal adverse outcomes. Interestingly, the vascular response to AngII is decreased by pregnancy while the response is increased by diabetes. It remains unclear how GDM affects vascular tone and how angiotensin II receptors contribute to these changes. In this work, we sought to establish the vascular impact of a hypercaloric diet-induced GDM through changes in AT1 and AT2 receptor's expression. Female rats fed for 7 weeks with standard (SD) or hypercaloric (HD) diet were divided at week 4. Half of the rats of each group were mated to become pregnant and those fed with a HD developed GDM. AngII-induced vasoconstriction was measured in thoracic or abdominal aorta rings using a conventional isolated organ bath and AT1 and AT2 receptors were searched by immunohistochemistry. Experiments where conducted on the pregnant standard diet group (PSD) and the pregnant hypercaloric-gestational diabetes mellitus group (PHD-GDM). Vasoconstriction was reduced in the thoracic aorta (P less then 0.05 vs PSD) but increased in the abdominal aorta of PHD-GDM rats (P less then 0.05 vs PSD). Blockade of AT2 receptors using PD123319 decreased vasoconstriction, particularly in the abdominal aorta of PHD-GDM animals (P less then 0.05 vs PSD). PHD-GDM increased AT1 receptors expression (P less then 0.05 vs PSD). Also, PHD-GDM reverted physiologic hypoglycemia and hypotension of healthy pregnancy. Findings provide new insight into the hypercaloric diet induced damage on the vasculature during pregnancy.
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