Notes

Transmembrane proteoglycans syndecan-2, 4, receptor applicants to the effect associated with HGF as well as FGF2 about semaphorin 3A phrase inside early-differentiated myoblasts.
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a common injury modality affecting a diverse patient population. AM-2282 inhibitor Axonal injury occurs when the brain experiences excessive deformation as a result of head impact. Previous studies have shown that the arachnoid trabeculae (AT) in the subarachnoid space significantly influence the magnitude and distribution of brain deformation during impact. However, the quantity and spatial distribution of cranial AT in humans is unknown. Quantification of these microstructural features will improve understanding of force transfer during TBI, and may be a valuable dataset for microneurosurgical procedures. In this study, we quantify the spatial distribution of cranial AT in seven post-mortem human subjects. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) was used to conduct in situ imaging of AT microstructure across the surface of the human brain. OCT images were segmented to quantify the relative amounts of trabecular structures through a volume fraction (VF) measurement. The average VF for each brain ranged from 22.0% to 29.2%. Across all brains, there was a positive spatial correlation, with VF significantly greater by 12% near the superior aspect of the brain (p less then .005), and significantly greater by 5%-10% in the frontal lobes (p less then .005). These findings suggest that the distribution of AT between the brain and skull is heterogeneous, region-dependent, and likely contributes to brain deformation patterns. This study is the first to image and quantify human AT across the cerebrum and identify region-dependencies. Incorporation of this spatial heterogeneity may improve the accuracy of computational models of human TBI and enhance understanding of brain dynamics. © 2020 Anatomical Society.PURPOSE This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between technology usage and technology addiction among secondary school students. DESIGN AND METHODS This descriptive research was conducted in April 2018 with 840 students in Eastern Turkey. FINDINGS The average Internet and digital-gaming addiction scores of the participating students were found to be significantly higher among those who used computers, smartphones, and tablets daily and for long periods of time. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE Using technological devices regularly and for long periods of time increases the level of Internet and digital-gaming addiction. Thus, it is important to increase students' awareness of the need to use technological devices appropriately. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.The effects of Zataria multiflora on clinical symptoms, pulmonary function tests, oxidative stress, and C-reactive protein levels in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients were evaluated. Forty-five patients were allocated to 3 groups placebo group and 2 groups that received 3 and 6 mg/kg/day Z. multiflora extract (Z3 and Z6) for 2 months. Clinical symptoms, pulmonary function tests, oxidative stress, and serum C-reactive protein levels were evaluated pretreatment (step 0) and 1 (step I) and 2 (step II) months after treatment. Clinical symptoms including breathlessness and chest wheeze in Z3- and Z6-treated groups and sputum production only in the Z6-treated group were significantly improved 1 and 2 months after treatment compared with baseline values (P less then .01 to P less then .001). The FEV1 was significantly increased after 2 months of treatment with Z3 and Z6 (P less then .05 to P less then .01). Malondialdehyde and nitrite levels were significantly decreased after a 2-month treatment with Z6 compared with step 0 (P less then .05 to P less then .01). The thiol contents in the Z6 group as well as superoxide dismutase and catalase activities in both groups treated with the extract were significantly increased in step II compared with step 0 (P less then .05 to P less then .01). The C-reactive protein level at the end of the study was significantly reduced compared with the step 0 in both treated groups (P less then .05 for both cases). Two-month treatment with Z. multiflora improved clinical symptoms, pulmonary function tests, oxidative stress, and C-reactive protein in COPD patients. The results suggest that this herbal medicine could be of therapeutic value as a preventive drug for the treatment of COPD. © 2020, The American College of Clinical Pharmacology.AIM This study examined the role of job dimensions, job satisfaction, psychological stress and job burnout in predicting turnover intention at one and five years' time among professional nurses in the Philippines. METHODS A cross-sectional design was utilized in the study using a convenience sample of 549 registered nurses from six hospitals in the Central Philippines during the period of October 2018 to January 2019. Five self-report scales were used in this study. RESULTS Overall, 46.1% (n = 253) and 78.9% (n = 433) of nurses reported planning to leave the organization at one and five years' time, respectively. The type of hospital, job satisfaction and job burnout explained variances for turnover intention at one and five years' time. Separately, hospital bed capacity and job stress predicted turnover intention at five years' time. None of the job dimensions accurately predicted turnover intention in nurses. CONCLUSION Higher turnover intention results at one and five years' time were dependent on nurses' psychological stress, job burnout and job satisfaction. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING PRACTICE AND POLICY Organizational measures aimed at reducing stress and burnout and increasing job satisfaction in nurses are critically important to enhance the retention of nurses and ensure continued quality of nursing care. © 2020 International Council of Nurses.BACKGROUND There is an increasing body of evidence showing that earlier use of biologics improves clinical outcomes in Crohn's disease (CD). AIM To perform a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the impact of early biologic use in the treatment of CD. link2 METHODS PubMed and Embase databases were searched for English language papers and conference abstracts published through April 30, 2019. Studies were selected for inclusion if patients initiated biologics within 2 years of a CD diagnosis or if earlier biologics use (top-down) was compared with a conventional step-up strategy. Random-effects meta-analyses were conducted to compare clinical remission (CR), relapse and endoscopic healing rates between early biologic treatment (2 years of disease duration or conventional step-up treatment strategy). RESULTS A total of 3069 records were identified, of which 47 references met the selection criteria for systematic review. A total of 18 471 patients were studied, with a median follow-up of 64 weeks (range 10-416). Meta-analysis found that early use of biologics was associated with higher rates of clinical remission (OR 2.10 [95% CI 1.69-2.60], n = 2763, P less then .00001), lower relapse rates (OR 0.31 [95% CI 0.14-0.68], n = 596, P = .003) and higher mucosal healing rates (OR 2.37 [95% CI 1.78-3.16], n = 994, P less then .00001) compared with late/conventional management. CONCLUSIONS Early biologic treatment is associated with improved clinical outcomes in both adult and paediatric CD patients, not only in prospective clinical trials but also in real-world settings. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.Myxozoa (phylum Cnidaria) are a diverse group of metazoan parasites that predominately infect fish. Little is known regarding the composition and physiology of their myxospore life stage. The objective of this work was to investigate the composition of myxospores and extrasporogonic stages of nine myxozoan species infecting various teleost fish using histochemical staining techniques. Thirty histochemical stains were applied to formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues processed routinely for light microscopic evaluation. The polar capsules were the most consistent stain target across the taxa examined. Polar capsule staining with Alizarin red, von Kossa and methyl green-pyronin suggests the presence of intracapsular calcium and phosphate, which may contribute to polar filament discharge or pathogenesis of host invasion. The shell valves and suture lines of most myxozoans were stained with Luna and phosphotungstic acid haematoxylin stains, consistent with the presence of chitin and microfibrils, respectively. Vacuoles were consistently highlighted by diastase-susceptible periodic acid-Schiff and Grocott's methenamine silver staining, indicating glycogen. Other histochemical stains exhibited inconsistent staining across the taxa, suggesting differences in myxospore composition potentially reflective of physiologic variations and tissue tropisms. link3 This work provides some information on conserved features and taxa-associated composition of myxospores and lends insight into myxozoan physiology and host-parasite interactions. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.BACKGROUND Scion physiology and grape quality are impacted by rootstock choice. There is little available information about the effects of rootstock on wine volatile composition, particularly when comparing grafted with own-rooted grapevines. This field trial was aimed at studying the influence of rootstock choice on volatile composition of Merlot wines. RESULTS Wines made from grapes harvested from own-rooted grapevines had the lowest content of (E)-3-hexenol, diethyl succinate and total ethyl esters and the highest content of 1-pentanol, 1-hexanol, (Z)-3-hexenol, diethyl malate and acetovanillone. Rootstocks such as 99R and 140Ru led to a higher content of total ethyl esters in wines followed by 110R, 1103P and Gravesac. According to odor activity values, Merlot wines were characterized by roses, sweat, cheese and banana aromas. CONCLUSIONS This work provides valuable information about the potential impact of rootstocks on wine volatile composition for Merlot wines. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.Mutations in SHANK3, coding for a large scaffold protein of excitatory synapses in the CNS, are associated with neurodevelopmental disorders including autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) and intellectual disability (ID). Several cases have been identified in which the mutation leads to truncation of the protein, eliminating C-terminal sequences required for postsynaptic targeting of the protein. We identify here a patient with a truncating mutation in SHANK3, affected by severe global developmental delay and intellectual disability. By analyzing the subcellular distribution of this truncated form of Shank3, we identified a nuclear localization signal (NLS) in the N-terminal part of the protein which is responsible for targeting Shank3 fragments to the nucleus. To determine the relevance of Shank3 for nuclear signaling, we analyze how it affects signaling by β-catenin, a component of the Wnt pathway. We show that full length as well as truncated variants of Shank3 interact with β-catenin via the PDZ domain of Shank3, and the armadillo repeats of β-catenin. As a result of this interaction, truncated forms of Shank3 and β-catenin strictly colocalize in small intranuclear bodies both in 293T cells and in rat hippocampal neurons. On a functional level, the sequestration of both proteins in these nuclear bodies is associated with a strongly repressed transcriptional activation by β-catenin, due to interaction with the truncated Shank3 fragment found in patients. Our data suggest that truncating mutations in SHANK3 may not only lead to a reduction in Shank3 protein available at postsynaptic sites, but also negatively affect the Wnt signaling pathway. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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