Notes

Taurodontism within maxillary and also mandibular molars utilizing spool column calculated tomography in a dental center within Saudi Arabia.
Food-grade microgel-stabilized emulsions have been attracting much attention due to their promising applications in food formulations. In this study, the use of hydrophobically modified chitosan microgels (h-CSMs) as particle emulsifiers to stabilize high internal phase emulsions (HIPEs) was demonstrated for the first time. Four hydrophobically modified chitosan (h-CS) were obtained by grafting deoxycholic acid (DA) with chitosan (CS) at grafting rates of 4.64%, 13.21%, 15.12% and 30.29%, respectively. The selected modified chitosan were further cross-linked with sodium tripolyphosphate (TPP) to form h-CSMs. It was found that, compared to pure CS and the modified h-CS, the h-CSMs have higher hydrophobicity, and can stabilize oil-in-water HIPEs effectively. The interfacial properties of the h-CSMs, and the formation, microstructure and rheological properties of HIPEs were characterized by dynamic interfacial adsorption, contact angle, visual observation, laser confocal microscopy and rheological measurements, respectively. The results show that stable HIPEs with oil concentration up to 90 wt% can be formed using very low h-CSM particle concentration (only 0.05 wt% for the HIPE with 90 wt% oil), and the HIPEs stabilized by h-CSMs displayed higher rheological compliance than other solid particle stabilized HIPEs at high oil volume fraction. The strong emulsification properties of the h-CSMs are attributed to their increased hydrophobicity, the enhanced exposure of hydrophobic groups during microgelation process, and the viscoelasticity of h-CSMs.The alkali-soluble hemicelluloses extracted with 10% KOH solution from corn bran were further isolated with different concentrations of aqueous ethanol solutions. Herein 92.2% of the original hemicelluloses can be obtained and the cellulase enzymatic hydrolysis rate of the alkali treated corn bran can reach to 97.2%. The corn bran hemicelluloses were mainly glucuronoarabinoxylan, in which xylose (48.4-53.8%) and arabinose (27.8-33.2%) were the main components. More linear hemicelluloses with high molecular weight tended to be precipitated in low concentration aqueous ethanol solutions. Furthermore, the relationship between the structural features of these alkali-soluble corn bran hemicelluloses and their furfural yield was investigated in MIBK (methyl isobutyl ketone)/H2O biphasic system. Results showed that the hemicelluloses with high xylose content are benefit to the furfural production, and the highest furfural yield of 67.7% was obtained.The tumor microenvironment (TME) is characterized by low pH, hypoxia, and infiltrated tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs). Therefore, regulation of TAMs polarization into anti-tumor M1 phenotype and meanwhile alleviation of the hypoxia in TME are expected to improve anti-tumor therapeutic efficacy. To this end, a novel in situ injectable nano-complexed hydrogel was developed in this study for combining tumor therapy. Thereunto, hyaluronic acid modified transfersomes loaded with chlorogenic acid functioned to reverse M2 type into M1 type via CD44 mediated internalization, the nanomedicine was entrapped in Schiff-based crosslinked injectable hydrogel (fabricated with carboxymethyl chitosan and oxidized dextran) whose linkage was labile to the acidic TME for controlled drug release. Moreover, catalase was integrated in the hydrogel enabling to convert hydrogen peroxide in TME into dissolved oxygen and alleviate tumor hypoxia. The multifunctional nano-complexed injectable hydrogel was verified to efficiently inhibit tumor growth through synergetic effects of hypoxia alleviation and TAMs polarity regulation.Fluorescent chitosan-based hydrogel for the selective detection and adsorption of Hg2+/Hg+ in aqueous environment was prepared through three-step synthesis strategy. NO2-Boron-dipyrrolemethene (BODIPY) was prepared firstly, and then the -NO2 group was reduced to -NH2 group. Finally, the NH2-BODIPY was introduced to chitosan by Schiff base formation reaction through bi-aldehyde. Eventually, fluorescent chitosan hydrogel was obtained. The as-prepared fluorescent hydrogel probe could detect Hg2+/Hg+ through PET mechanism with the detection limit of 0.3 μM. The recognition site which combines Hg2+/Hg+ is CN, it is just formed in the reaction with chitosan and the amino group on BODIPY. Adsorption capacity of the fluorescent hydrogel is 121 mg·g-1, which is almost seven times of the original chitosan. The isotherm and kinetics of Hg2+/Hg+ removal follows Langmuir isotherm and pseudo-second order kinetics, respectively. Besides, a series of fluorescent hydrogels were prepared to compare the elasticity, hydropHilicity, fluorescence intensity and adsorption capacity.The effective integration of multiple thermal functions into one material is highly attractive in personal thermal management, taking the complex application environment into consideration. Herein, a multifunctional Janus cellulosic composite encompassing superior electrical heating, energy storage, thermal insulation, and infrared camouflage performance was firstly developed by integrating Janus cellulose nanofibers (CNF) aerogel, polypyrrole (PPy), and polyethylene glycol (PEG). In practice, the active heating-thermal regulation layer (PPy@CNFphilic-PEG) of multifunctional Janus cellulosic composite is faced inward to provide heating on-demand through the joint action of the electrically conductive PPy and thermally regulative PEG. The outward-facing hydrophobic aerogel layer (CNFphobic) serves as the thermal insulator, which simultaneously enables infrared camouflage by reducing heat loss to the environment via infrared radiation. This work presents an effective and facile strategy toward multifunctional Janus materials for efficient personal thermal management, showing great promise for potential applications, such as thermal comfort, infrared camouflage, and security protection.The piezoelectric effect is one of the most promising electromechanical coupling processes for mechanical energy conversion and energy harvesting. However, natural polymer based piezoelectric materials are of poor piezoelectric performance. we developed flexible porous piezoelectric aerogel films based on TEMPO-oxidized cellulose nanofibrils (TOCN) and MoS2 nanosheets. Those aerogel films possessed large specific surface areas and abundant mesopores. Moreover, they exhibited very good piezoelectric properties when a field strength of 20 MV/m was used to polarize MoS2 nanosheets and air in the mesopores. When assembled to piezoelectric nanogenerators (PENGs), a TOCN/MoS2 aerogel film PENG containing 6 wt% of MoS2 exhibited the best output performance. It generated an open circuit voltage of 42 V and a short-circuit current of 1.1 μA, a maximum area power density of 1.29 μW/cm2 and a maximum volume power density of 0.143 μW/cm3. Lysipressin in vivo These features enable them to be promising piezoelectric materials for energy harvesting.Consumption of a high-fat diet (HFD) not only increases the risk of metabolic syndrome but also initiates kidney injury. Lipid accumulation-induced systemic low-grade inflammation is an upstream mechanism of kidney injury associated with prediabetes. Chitosan oligosaccharide (COS) provides potent anti-obesity effects through several mechanisms including fecal lipid excretion. In this study, we investigated the effects of COS on the prevention of obesity-related complications and its ability to confer renoprotection in a prediabetic model. Rats fed on a HFD developed obesity, glucose intolerance and kidney dysfunction. COS intervention successfully ameliorated these conditions (p less then 0.05) by attenuating intestinal lipid absorption and the renal inflammation-autophagy-apoptosis axis. A novel anti-inflammatory effect of COS had been demonstrated by the strengthening of intestinal barrier integrity via calcium-sensing receptor (p less then 0.05). The use of COS as a supplement may be useful in reducing prediabetic complications especially renal injury and the risk of type 2 diabetes.In this study, we used the polysaccharide ulvan from the green macroalgae Ulva fenestrata to prepare the hydrogel for chronic diabetic wound healing. A natural polysaccharide-based hydrogel matrix (UC-DPA-Ag hydrogel) was prepared using ulvan dialdehyde, chitosan, dopamine (DPA) and silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs). Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell lyophilized powder (hUC-MSCs) was loaded into the hydrogel to develop a novel chronic diabetic wound healing material (UC-DPA-Ag@hUC-MSCs). The resulting hydrogel features adequate mechanical properties, swelling capability, adhesiveness, antioxidant, antibacterial ability, and promoting cell proliferation and migration. In vivo wound healing in type II diabetic mellitus mouse wound model showed that hUC-MSCs loaded UC-DPA-Ag hydrogel could accelerate wound healing effectively. This advanced hydrogel provides a facile and effective way for diabetic chronic wound management. Furthermore, it offers a new route for the utilizing Ulva as a valuable biomaterial for the global and large-scale production of valued added biomaterials.In this work, we investigated the dynamics of hydrogels from the polyelectrolyte complexation of sodium hyaluronate (HA) and chitosan under various temperature and salt concentration. Raising temperature and adding salt remarkably reduce the mechanical behavior of hydrogels. The stress relaxation of semi-flexible chain segments is accelerated at high temperature and salt concentration, which is controlled by thermally activated bond disassociation process. The flow activation energy determined from temperature-dependent dynamic light scattering decorrelation and rheological relaxation are in very good agreement. Our results suggest that the chain aggregations are physical crosslinked by surrounded semi-flexible chains, and their diffusion is highly hindered by the topological entanglements and ionic associations. The synergistic effect of aggregations diffusion and chain dynamics causes the slow macroscopic stress relaxation behavior of hydrogels before yield, independent of applied strain. Above yield, the amplitude of strain accelerates the stress relaxation, resulting in chain disentanglements and slipping.Polymer-based prodrug nanocarriers with tumor-targeting and controlled-release properties are in great demand for enhanced cancer treatment. Hyaluronic acid (HA), which has excellent biocompatibility and targeting ability for cluster determinant 44 (CD44), has been proposed for delivering drugs that have poor solubility and high toxicity. Herein, podophyllotoxin (PPT) was conjugated to HA via ester and disulfide linkages to construct a pH- and reduction-responsive prodrug (HA-S-S-PPT). The micelles self-assembled from HA-S-S-PPT prodrug efficiently accumulated at tumor site due to HA receptor-mediated endocytosis. HA-S-S-PPT micelles exhibited 33.1% higher cumulative release than HA-NH-CO-PPT micelles (sensitive only to pH) owing to their dual responsiveness to pH and reduction. HA-S-S-PPT micelles achieved excellent antitumor activity in vivo, with the tumor inhibition rate reaching 92%, significantly higher than that of HA-NH-CO-PPT micelles (65%), and negligible systemic toxicity. This controllable-targeting nanoparticle system provides a potential platform for clinical application of PPT.
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