Notes

[The Impact associated with Adiponectin in Output of Apolipoproteins A-l and Electronic simply by Human being Macrophages].
Invasive fungal infections (IFIs) are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in immunocompromised children. The purpose of our study was to evaluate the incidence of IFIs in pediatric patients with underlying hematologic malignancies and determine the patient characteristics, predisposing factors, diagnosis, treatment efficacy, and outcome of IFIs.

For the purpose of the study, a retrospective analysis was performed on cases with proven and probable fungal infections from January 2001 to December 2016 (16 years).

During this period, 297 children with hematologic malignancies were admitted to the 2nd Pediatric Department of Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece, and 24 cases of IFIs were registered. The most common underlying diseases were acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL; n=19,79%), followed by acute myeloid leukemia (AML; n=4, 17%) and non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL; n=1,4%). The crude incidence rates of IFIs in ALL, AML, and NHL were 10.5%, 18.2%, and 2.8% respectively. Based on the results, 25%
The present study was conducted to investigate the inhibitory effects of
essential oil (EO) against
gene expression in relation to fungal growth and some important virulence factors in
.

The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of
EO against
was determined by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards InstituteM27-A4 method at a concentration range of 20-1280 μg/ml. Furthermore, the expression of
gene was studied at the 0.5× MIC concentration of
EO using real-time polymerase chain reaction. The proteinase and phospholipase activities, cell surface hydrophobicity (CSH), and cell membrane ergosterol (CME) content of
were also assessed at the 0.5× MIC concentration of the plant EO using the approved methods. In addition, fluconazole (FLC) was used as a control antifungal drug.

The results indicated that the MIC and minimum fungicidalconcentration of
EO for
growth were 320 and 640 μg/ml, respectively. The expression of fungal
at an mRNA level and ergosterol content of yeast cells were significantly decreased by both
EO (640 μg/ml) and FLC (2 μg/ml). The proteinase and phospholipase activities were also reduced in
EO by 49.82% and 53.26%, respectively, while they were inhibited in FLC-treated cultures by 27.72% and 34.67%, respectively. Furthermore, the CSH was inhibited in EO- and FLC-treated cultures by 12.75% and 20.80%, respectively.

Our findings revealed that
EO can be considered a potential natural compound in the development of an efficient antifungal agent against
.
Our findings revealed that C. carvi EO can be considered a potential natural compound in the development of an efficient antifungal agent against C. albicans.
Pestalotioid fungi are ubiquitous environmental molds that have received considerable attention in recent times not only because of their role as a plant pathogen but also owing to their high frequency of retrieval from human diseases. Regarding this, the present study was conducted to investigate onychomycosis caused by pestalotioid fungi, commonly considered important phytopathogens causing grey blight disease in
.

A total of 122 agriculture workers were enrolled from Assam, India. Direct microscopic examination was carried out using 40% KOH to determine the presence of any fungal element. Further processing of the specimens for the isolation of fungi was performed using the standard protocol. In addition, the keratinolytic potential of the isolates was evaluated by means of the in vitro hair perforation test.

Out of 103 culture-positive samples, non-dermatophyte and dermatophyte molds constituted 82.52% (n=85) and 6.79% (n=7) of the samples, followed by yeasts (n=1, 0.9%) and sterile hyphae (n=10, 9.7%). With regard to the isolated non-dermatophyte molds (82.69%), 4 cases belonged to pestalotioid fungi, such as
(n=1),
(n=1), and
(n=2). The keratinolytic activity of Pestalotiopsis species showed perforation by disrupting the hair cortex; furthermore, macroconidia were found to be present inside the human hair.

A high rate of NDM isolation may be attributed to constant exposure to adverse environmental and occupational hazards. This study highlighted the importance of "pestalotioid fungi" as the rare etiologic agent of onychomycosis. Another remarkable finding was the keratinolytic potential of
species, which is unique in this study.
A high rate of NDM isolation may be attributed to constant exposure to adverse environmental and occupational hazards. This study highlighted the importance of "pestalotioid fungi" as the rare etiologic agent of onychomycosis. Another remarkable finding was the keratinolytic potential of Pestalotiopsis species, which is unique in this study.
Otomycosis is a secondary ear fungal infection among predisposed individuals in humid conditions.
species are the most common etiologic agents of this infection. Several ototopical antifungals are currently used for the treatment of this disease; however, recurrence and treatment failure are usually observed in some cases. Regarding this, the present study was conducted to investigate the antifungal activity of caspofungin, azoles, and terbinafine against the isolated agents of otomycosis.

This study was conducted on the specimens collected from 90 patients with otomycosis. The samples were cultured on Sabouraud dextrose agar and identified based on morphological characteristics, physiological tests, and microscopic features. Furthermore, the microdilution method was used for antifungal susceptibility testing according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guidelines. Finally, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum effective concentration (MEC) ranges, MIC/MEC
, MICVs.
Aspergillus niger and A. flavus complexes were identified as the most common agents accounting for 85.7% of the isolates. In addition, terbinafine was identified as the best antifungal for both Aspergillus and Candida species. Moreover, tested azoles had relatively low MICs, whereas most of the isolates had the MIC values beyond the caspofungin ECVs.
Pityriasis versicolor (PV) is a common fungal skin infection caused by
species. Previous studies have shown that the prevalence of PV is influenced by geographic factors. The aim of the current study was to find the epidemiological characteristics of PV and distribution of
species in the secondary school students living in Hai Phong city, Vietnam.

This study was conducted on 1357 students within the age range of 10 - 16 years selected from four secondary schools in Hai Phong city. The students were screened for PV skin lesions from August 2016 to December 2017. The isolates of
from PV patients were analyzed by performing direct microscopy and culturing on modified Dixon agar plates, containing gentamicin, at 32oC for 7 days. In the next stage, the fungal strains obtained from patients with positive fungal cultures were identified using the CHROMagarTM
medium, polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism techniques, and D1/D2 rDNA genome sequencing.

Pityriasis versicolorrevalence of Malassezia yeasts, mostly M. furfur, among the students in Hai Phong city, Vietnam.
Recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis (RVVC) is one of the most common gynecological conditions in healthy and diabetic women, as well as antibiotic users. The present study was conducted to determine the relationship between
gene expression patterns and symptomatic recurrent
infections.

This research was performed on
samples isolated from the vaginal specimens obtained from 31 individuals with
in 2016. The reference strain
ATCC 10231, 10
strains isolated from minimally symptomatic patients, and 10 isolates from asymptomatic patients were also used as control strains. The relative mRNA expression of the
gene was quantified using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (QRT-PCR).

The QRT-PCR results revealed that
mRNA expression was significantly decreased (0.001-0.930 fold) in the
isolates obtained from RVVC patients (
<0.001). However, no
expression was detectable in the isolates collected from asymptomatic patients. check details The results also indicated a significant correize to characterize the regulatory or stimulatory function of TUP1 in the severity of RVVC symptoms. Furthermore, the study and identification of the genes involved in the severity of the symptomatic manifestations of C. albicans, especially in resistant strains, may lead to the recognition of an alternative antifungal target to enable the development of an effective agent.
is the second cause of candidiasis. The mortality rate of
infections is about 40%; accordingly, it may be life threatening, especially in immunocompromised hosts. Regarding this, the current study was conducted to evaluate the regional patterns of the antifungal susceptibility of clinical
isolated from the patients referring to the health centers located in Ahvaz, Iran.

In this study, a total of 30 clinical strains of
isolates were recovered from different body sites (i.e., vagina, mouth, and urine). Phenotypic characteristics and molecular methods were used to identify the isolates. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined according to the European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing.

Our findings demonstrated that 20%, 80%, and 6.7% of the isolates were resistant to amphotericin B, terbinafine, and posaconazole, respectively, while all the isolates were found to be fluconazole susceptible dose dependent and susceptible to voriconazole and caspofungin.

Our study suggested that voriconazole had high potency against
isolates. Consequently, this antifungal agent can be an alternative drug in the treatment of resistant patients. These results can be helpful for the successful treatment of patients in different regions.
Our study suggested that voriconazole had high potency against C. glabrata isolates. Consequently, this antifungal agent can be an alternative drug in the treatment of resistant patients. These results can be helpful for the successful treatment of patients in different regions.
Noise has different auditory and non-auditory effects on human. In noisy environments, noise as a non-specific stressor can activates the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA, cortisol). The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of chronic exposure to noise on salivary cortisol on industrial workers.

This cross-sectional study had a case/control design. 136 male workers (68 workers were exposed to chronic industrial noise, and 68 other workers were exposed to background noise) voluntarily enrolled in the study. The equivalent noise level was measured at workstations and salivary cortisol for both case and control groups was measured at the beginning (6 AM) and also at the end of work shift (4 PM). The amount of change in the average of the values of the two groups were compared with each other.

The measured Leq
(equivalent continuous sound level) in case and control groups were 87.43 dB-A and 67.6 dB-A, respectively. Comparison of salivary cortisol levels change in groups shows a significant differences in control groups for salivary cortisol in the morning and in the evening samples (p < 0.05); but not in the case group (p = 0.052). Also, comparison of salivary cortisol levels changes with noise exposure experience in the case subgroups revealed no significant difference (p > 0.05).

This study showed that chronic exposure to industrial noise can lead to a change in pattern of salivary cortisol secretion especially in the evening (at the end of the work shift), in a way that instead of its normal decrease, an increase happened.
This study showed that chronic exposure to industrial noise can lead to a change in pattern of salivary cortisol secretion especially in the evening (at the end of the work shift), in a way that instead of its normal decrease, an increase happened.
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