Notes

Acute-phase electroencephalography with an childish atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumour.
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the commonest non-cutaneous malignancy worldwide and the second cause of cancer death among males in the USA. Approval of the new androgen receptor axis-targeted (ARAT) agents (abiraterone acetate, enzalutamide, apalutamide, and darolutamide) has altered the course of advanced PCa. We aimed to assess the endocrine and metabolic adverse events associated with treatment using ARAT compounds.

We searched the PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Scopus databases from database inception to August 2020. We included randomized controlled trials reporting the endocrine and metabolic side effects of ARAT agents compared to each other or to placebo.

Although metastatic PCa remains incurable, ARAT medications combined with androgen deprivation therapy improve overall metastasis-free and progression-free survival in metastatic hormone-sensitive PCa, non-metastatic castration-resistant PCa, and metastatic castration-resistant PCa patients. This benefit comes at the cost of certain endocrine and metabolic consequences. Treatment with abiraterone acetate induces mineralocorticoid excess, hypokalemia, hypertension, elevated liver function tests, insulin resistance, and hyperglycemia. Enzalutamide may induce or worsen hypertension and increase the risk of falls and fractures in elderly patients, while common endocrine adverse events of apalutamide include hypothyroidism, hypertension, and skin rash. On the other hand, darolutamide seems to have a somewhat safer endocrine and metabolic profile.

Treatment of advanced PCa should be personalized, with administration of a combination of androgen deprivation therapy, ARAT agents, and chemotherapy being based on the patient's safety profile and the risk of side effects.
Treatment of advanced PCa should be personalized, with administration of a combination of androgen deprivation therapy, ARAT agents, and chemotherapy being based on the patient's safety profile and the risk of side effects.In this research, a novel γ-MnO2/chitosan/Fe3O4 nanocomposite was synthesized and modified by ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) for the separation and simultaneous elimination of Zn(II) and Pb(II) ions from aqueous solutions in a batch system. The magnetic nanocomposite was characterized by X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and elemental analysis (EDAX). The results demonstrated that the magnetic nanocomposite was successfully synthesized and cross-linked. Tideglusib The predominant influential experimental parameters including pH, contact time, initial concentration, and temperature were analyzed in relation to the adsorption capacity. The experimental data were well converged with the double exponential kinetic model. Also, the results were well matched with the Langmuir isotherm, where the maximum adsorption values were 310.4 and 136 mg g-1 for Pb(II) and Zn(II), respectively. On the other hand, in the binary-component system, the Langmuir-Freundlich model dominated the experimental data. The thermodynamic results (ΔG° 0) within the temperature range of 25-40 °C showed that the nature of adsorption by the nanocomposite for both ions was spontaneous and endothermic and was favored at higher temperatures. The simultaneous removal of two ions, the excellent magnetic separation, and the high efficiency in reuse (five effective recovery cycles) indicated the high capability of the EDTA-modified γ-MnO2/chitosan/Fe3O4 nanocomposite in the treatment of industrial effluents from Pb(II) and Zn(II).The objective of this research was to determine seasonal variation, distribution, potential health risk, and source identification of 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the surface dust of eight urban areas of Qom. The total levels of 16 PAHs ranged from 364.83 to 739.26 ng g-1, with an average of 478.27 ng g-1. Sites 1 and 8 showed the highest (491.33 ng g-1) and lowest (465.08 ng g-1) concentrations of PAHs, respectively. The PAHs demonstrated the highest and the lowest levels in autumn (553.41 ng g-1) and summer (402.30 ng g-1), respectively. Naphthalene (Nap) showed the highest amounts in all of the areas (75.57 ng g-1). Source apportionment indicated that vehicular emissions and combustion of fossil fuels (liquid fossil fuel, crude oil, and gas) are the main sources of the PAHs. Toxic equivalency quantities (TEQs) index exhibited a mean concentration of 47.41 ng g-1, and benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) and dibenzo[a,h]anthracene (DBA) together contributed more than 80% of TEQ, indicating high risk potential of these compounds. Total incremental lifetime cancer risk (ILCR) presented higher value (2.62 × 10-7) for children than for adults (2.53 × 10-7), one-fold lower than the threshold (10-6). The spatial ILCR for the study areas and seasons showed the highest cancer risk in site 2 and winter. Taken together, the carcinogenic risk of PAHs to children and adults, respectively, through direct ingestion and dermal contact pathways illustrated values close to the baseline, suggesting that more attention should be paid to the issue in the study area.Today, pharmaceuticals are considered as one of the sources of water pollution, among which antibiotics have complicated structure and antibacterial property, so they cannot be removed from water by common treatment methods. Tetracycline is an antibiotic which is used to treat humans and infected animals. Photocatalytic degradation is an effective method which is used for the removal of antibiotics from water. In this work, brass foils were coated by lanthanum oxide using dipping method. The coated foils were calcined; nanowires grew, so lanthanum oxide was sintered to the brass nanowires. The prepared photocatalyst was characterized by inductively coupled plasma spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and porosimetry techniques. The photocatalytic degradation operating conditions including pH, initial concentration of tetracycline wastewater, and time were modeled and optimized by Design Expert software (version 10). The La2O3/brass photocatalyst was active under irradiation of ultraviolet, LED, and sunlight.
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