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Look at the actual epidemiological actions involving mortality due to COVID-19 inside South america: A moment string examine.
Oily ferroalloy scraps generated from machinery honing enterprises are typical hazardous municipal materials that release benzene-series volatile organic compounds (VOC), which endanger human physical and mental health. Therefore, harmless treatment and resource reuse for these hazardous materials is urgent. In this study, the VOC emission, and pyrolysis and de-oiling behaviors of oily honing scrap was first characterized to evaluate the environmental risks. Smelting separation was then proposed to economically and eco-friendly recover valuable metals from the de-oiled ferroalloy scraps. The thermodynamics of Al2O3-SiO2 and CaO-Al2O3-SiO2 systems was calculated to optimize the slag formation. Results showed that after de-oiling and smelting with CaO addition, the hazardous VOC are removed, and the valuable metals are recovered in ferroalloy state. Under optimum conditions, a crude Fe-Mo-Cu alloy with Fe, Mo and Cu recoveries of 98.5 wt%, 97.9 wt%, and 98.4 wt% were obtained. In addition, the slag containing few toxic elements and VOC can be used for silicate cement production. Pyrolysis, de-oiling behaviors and mechanism for slagging and growth of Fe-Mo-Cu alloy during smelting were discussed via various testing techniques, and leaching toxicity of the cleaned slag was also characterized in this work. This process is also applicative to recover metals from various honing ferroalloy scraps.Chrome-free metal tanning agent has been considered as eco-friendly in the leather industry. However, extensive crosslinking reactions of metal species on the leather surface restrain their uniform penetration into the hierarchical nanoscale leather matrix. Thus, masking agents with appropriate coordination ability are needed. Herein, the selective degradation of hemicellulose in corncob was achieved with 92.5% of conversion in an AlCl3-H2O system, obtaining oligosaccharides masking agent with high purity and leaving cellulose and lignin in the solid residue for other valuable use. Subsequently, H2O2 oxidation was performed to introduce -CHO/-COOH into oligosaccharides and reduce their molecular weights, thereby enhancing coordination ability and reducing ligand dimension. The post-oxidized reaction fluids together with additional Zr species were subjected to leather tanning, in which the oligosaccharides could coordinate with Al/Zr species and promote the penetration of metal species into the leather matrix. By controlling the hemicellulose degradation and oligosaccharide oxidation, an appropriate concentration of oligosaccharides with proper -CHO/-COOH contents allowed the efficient masking effect of the oligosaccharides. As a result, a uniform distribution of Al/Zr species was observed on the cross section, and 83.5 °C of shrinkage temperature was obtained for the chrome-free tanned leather.The pyrolysis and incineration performances of sulfur-rich textile dyeing sludge (TDSS) were determined in response to the additions of FeCl3 or FeCl3 + CaO. The emissions of eight air pollutants from the incineration and pyrolysis were systematically identified. The 3-to-8% FeCl3 additions increased the comprehensive combustibility index by 2.14 and 1.62 times, respectively, as opposed to the 5-to-10% FeCl3 + 8-to-15% CaO additions. The CaO addition inhibited the TDSS incineration, while the FeCl3 addition increased HCl emission. NOx, SO2, and H2S emissions decreased initially and increased between 600 and 950 °C. SO2 and NOx emissions rose with FeCl3 but FeCl3 + CaO. FeCl3 catalyzed NOx, while CaO retained SO2. The main pyrolysis gas/liquid products were alkane, alkenes, nitrile, heterocyclic compounds, benzene, and its derivatives. Benzene and its derivatives accounted for 55.33% of the control group and 42.25-57.23% of the treatment groups. Teniposide inhibitor The FeCl3 and FeCl3 + CaO additions did not significantly influence the pyrolysis products. The measured versus thermodynamically simulated SOx and HCl emissions were consistent. Neural network-based simultaneous optimizations of the non-linear dynamics of eight kinds of gases pointed to 50% and 14.4% reductions in the emissions and the pyrolytic temperature, respectively, with the 3% FeCl3, relative to the control.As a natural reduction mineral, pyrite (FeS2), was combined with biochar by simply ball milling technology to synthesize FeS2@biochar composite (BM-FeS2@BC) and applied for the removal of hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) in aqueous solution. SEM, XRD, FTIR, and XPS characterization results showed that the FeS2 and biochar were successfully combined and biochar suppressed the agglomeration of FeS2. Batch sorption experiments showed that the BM-FeS2@BC700 composite (mass ratio of FeS2-to-biochar = 31) had enhanced Cr(VI) removal capacity of 134 mg·g-1, which were 3-25 times higher than those of the corresponding pristine and ball-milled biochar and FeS2. The removal of Cr(VI) by BM-FeS2@BC700 was dosage and pH dependent. The addition of oxalic acid (OA) exhibited a promotion effect on the removal of Cr(VI) by increasing the removal rate of Cr(VI) from 56% to 100%. Reduction, adsorption, and surface complexation were the dominate mechanisms for Cr(VI) removal by BM-FeS2@BC700. At the equilibrium Cr(VI) concentration of 15.7 mg·L-1, 92.25% of Cr(VI) was removed through reduction/precipitation and 8.75% was removed by adsorption/surface complexation. The fitting results of the Langmuir model proved that the removal of Cr(VI) by BM-FeS2@BC700 composite was chemical surface monolayer adsorption. This work demonstrates the potential of ball milling for the preparation of FeS2@BC composite to remove Cr(VI) from water and wastewater.Herein, an innovative enzyme free electrochemiluminescence chlorpyrifos sensor was reported based on the incorporation of ternary nanocomposite (ruthenium nanobeads/silver nanoparticles/graphene oxide) on the surface of glassy carbon electrode. The silver nanoparticles as a robust signal enhancing agent were well deposited on the modified graphene oxide/glassy carbon electrode and exhibited supreme electrocatalytic proficiency. Then, Ru(bipy)32+ species in bead-like nanoparticles were uniformly anchored on the surface of the modified electrode with the help of chitosan, as a good crosslinking agent. Boron nitride quantum dots as a new coreactant species showed the excellent proficiency for signal enhancement of the fabricated electrode. The fabricated electrode was successfully used as an ultra-sensitive sensor for trace analysis of chlorpyrifos by ECL technique. The wide linear range and the low detection limit were obtained from 5.0 × 10-15 to 4.2 × 10-9 M and 6.5 × 10-16 M, respectively.Water holding capacity (WHC) is an important factor for the evaluation of rehydrated shiitake mushroom as WHC largely affects sensory attributes. Here, WHC of the rehydrated shiitake mushroom as affected by different hot-air drying temperature was investigated from aspects of cell membrane integrity, status of cell wall fibrous material and protein denaturation. Among the three factors, protein denaturation played the most important role to affect the WHC of rehydrated mushroom as protein denaturation was closely related to the maintenance of porous structure after rehydration. Effect of status of the cell wall fibrous material to the WHC changes was relatively weak and was largely correlated to the WHC changes at high temperature (>80 °C). Cell membrane was unlikely to contribute to WHC changes of the rehydrated shiitake mushroom due to the loss of integrity.In present study we explored powder of mucilaginous polysaccharides obtained from seeds of Cassia uniflora by determining its physicochemical, thermal, phytochemical, spectrophotometric and micrometric properties. The probable structure of isolated mucilaginous polysaccharide was determined using FTIR and 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy, which demonstrated that the Cassia uniflora seed mucilage is rich in the polysaccharides residues (β-d-glucose) in the pyranose form. The mucilage was also explored for its gelling ability. X-ray diffraction patterns indicate the mucilage was amorphous in nature. This enables its application as a gelling agent in the pharmaceutical, cosmetics and food industries. It exhibits gelling ability at 1% w/w concentration. The mucilage exhibited swelling as well as pseudo plastic behaviour and good micrometric properties. Texture profile analysis of (3% w/w) prepared gel showed comparable properties of hardness, adhesiveness, gumminess and springiness to standard tragacanth. These features allow its application in food matrices and in pharmaceutical as a gelling and thickening agent.The detection of carbendazim (CBZ) is important for food safety and human health. However, most current analytical methods require large instruments and highly trained operators. In order to solve this problem, herein, an innovative portable and quantitative photothermal assay platform relying on a thermometer readout for the detection of CBZ has been developed. Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), which exhibit a strong distance-dependent photothermal effect under specific laser irradiation, were utilized as indicators. The CBZ aptamer was introduced to protect AuNPs from salt-mediated aggregation. When CBZ is present, the binding event between CBZ and aptamer leads to the loss of the aptamer protective effect on AuNPs, and AuNP aggregation occurs. Under 650-nm laser irradiation, the increase in temperature associated with an AuNP-dependent photothermal effect is highly related to the CBZ concentration. Having the advantages of user-friendliness, low cost, quick response, and portability, this method has great potential for on-site applications.In the densely urbanised Milan Metropolitan area (northern Italy), the long history of anthropogenic activities still exerts a significant pressure on groundwater resource. One of the most serious threats to the water quality of urban aquifers is attributed to diffuse contamination, which is caused by a series of unknown small sources (i.e., multiple point sources) distributed over large areas. In the study area and in many industrialised regions of the world, tetrachloroethylene [PCE], trichloroethylene [TCE] and hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] represent the common example of long-standing and persistent pollution in groundwater. In the Milan Metropolitan area, high levels of PCE + TCE and Cr(VI) were detected in the shallow aquifer as well as in the deep aquifer. To assess and map the shallow and deep aquifers susceptibility to PCE + TCE and Cr(VI) contamination at a regional scale, the Weights of Evidence modelling technique has been applied. This method has been used to objectively evaluate the spatial correlation between the high presence of these pollutants in each aquifer and hydrogeological and land use factors that can potentially influence the contamination. Moreover, the results allowed us to quantify on a large scale the effect that preferential flowpaths, due to both thickness variation in the aquitard and the areal density of multi aquifer wells, have in reducing the protection of the underlying deep aquifer. The end-products of the study constitute a key tool to be used by water-resource managers and decision-makers for the improvement of groundwater management and protection strategies.
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