Notes

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To explore the surgical approach, technique and clinical effect of treating basilar bifurcation aneurysms.

The clinical data of basilar bifurcation aneurysms treated by neuro-microsurgery are retrospectively analyzed in from September 2013 to September 2018. The aneurysms were treated via subtemporal approach and frontotemporal approach. The results were evaluated according to Glasgow Outcome Scores (GOS) and postoperative imaging results.

There were 28 aneurysms located at the bifurcation of basilar artery in 27 patients and 1 case had multi-aneurysms. 8 cases underwent via subtemporal approach and 19 via frontotemporal approach. The operation time was 2.8-4.6 hours, the average time were 3.3 hours. The hospitalization time was 3-6 weeks, the average time was 3.8 weeks. Overall, good outcome (GOS score of 4-5) at 6 months was achieved in 77.8% of the living patients. The posterior thalamic perforator artery infarction occurred in 1 cases, and the ventriculoperitoneal shunting was performed in 2 cases dfor the treatment of upper basilar bifurcation aneurysms, especially under subarachnoid hemorrhage causing brain swelling conditions.
To evaluate the efficiency of two models for prognostication of patients with isolated traumatic brain injury (TBI).

The models were developed using patient data in 10 years; internal validation was performed using the data of patients who were admitted within the following 5 years. We reviewed the records of 204 patients with TBI accepted into the Neurosurgery Department and Intensive Care Units. Models were applied to estimate prognosis. Calculations were statistically compared with the actual clinical outcomes of patients using discriminant analysis.

For Model 1, the correct classification rate was 87.9%, the specificity was 66.7%, the sensitivity was 94.2%, the positive predictive value was 68.8% and the negative predictive value was 93.6%. For Model 2, the correct classification rate was 90.2%, specificity was 57.6%, sensitivity was 96.5%, positive predictive value was 76% and negative predictive value was 92.2%.

Both models had decent correct classification rates and may be efficient tools for estimating the prognosis of unfavourable outcomes in patients with isolated TBI. These models are good candidates for wide use following validation in national and international multicentric studies.
Both models had decent correct classification rates and may be efficient tools for estimating the prognosis of unfavourable outcomes in patients with isolated TBI. These models are good candidates for wide use following validation in national and international multicentric studies.
To explain the association between vertebral body hypoplasia and degenerative changes in the discovertebral complex and facet joints, and to assess the incidence of hypoplasia of the vertebral body at the L5 level.

A retrospective analysis was made of 3,100 patients aged 20?50 years who underwent lumbar MRI with a complaint of back pain, of which 55 were identified with vertebral body hypoplasia. Intervertebral disc degeneration was evaluated in the study using the Pfirrmann and Modified Pfirrmann classification systems, while degenerative changes in the vertebrae endplate were assessed using the Modic classification system. Osteoarthritis of the facet joint was graded at the L4-5 level, and spondylolysis and spondylolisthesis rates were compared between the control group and the hypoplasic group.

The incidence of hypoplasia of the vertebral body at the L5 level was found to be 1.8% in the population with back pain in the 20?50-year age group. In the hypoplasia group, disc degeneration was detected at ation in the vertebral endplates, and has also been associated with spondylolysis and spondylolisthesis.
To evaluate the impact of carnosine on Purkinje neurons in rats exposed to a 900 Mhz electromagnetic field.

This study evaluated 24 rats divided into the following three different groups a control group, a group exposed to the electromagnetic field, and a group that was injected with carnosine while being exposed to the electromagnetic field. The electromagnetic field group was exposed to a 900 Mhz electromagnetic field for an hour daily over 28 days. Thereafter, stereological analysis was performed histologically on cerebellar sections, and the number of Purkinje cells were counted.

The electromagnetic field group had remarkably fewer Purkinje cell compared to control. The electromagnetic field group plus 20 mg of carnosine had significantly more total Purkinje cells compared to the electromagnetic field group (p < 0.05).

The present study showed that electromagnetic field exposure decreases the number of Purkinje cell, whereas carnosine protected the cerebellum from neural damage induced by electromagnetic field exposure.
The present study showed that electromagnetic field exposure decreases the number of Purkinje cell, whereas carnosine protected the cerebellum from neural damage induced by electromagnetic field exposure.
The aim of this study was to investigate the changes in type II neuregulin-1 (NRG-1) during the regeneration process following autologous sciatic nerve transplantation in rats.

A total of 40 Sprague-Dawley(SD) rats were randomly divided into an experimental and control group. There were 20 rats in each group.Five time points were set on the 3rd, 7th, 14th, 21st and 28th days after surgery. In the experimental group, reversed autologous transplantation of the sciatic nerve was performed, while in the control group, the sciatic nerve was only exposed. Changes in the rat footprints were observed at different time points, the sciatic functional index(SFI) was calculated, regeneration of the myelin sheath were observed by transmission electron microscopy, type II NRG-1 protein were detected by western blotting, and type II NRG-1 mRNA were detected by real-time PCR.

The SFI of the experimental group was lower than that of the control group at all time points after surgery, and the SFI of the experimental group was gradually increased. The expression of type II NRG-1 protein in the experimental group was significantly increased on the 3rd day, peaking on the 7th day, and continued until the 28th day after surgery. The area of medullated nerve fibers(um2) in the experimental group was significantly different from that in the control group on the 7th, 14th, 21st and 28th days(P 0.01).

Type II NRG-1 peaked between the 3rd day and 14th day after autologous nerve transplantation and was probably involved in the regulation of myelin sheath regeneration during this period.
Type II NRG-1 peaked between the 3rd day and 14th day after autologous nerve transplantation and was probably involved in the regulation of myelin sheath regeneration during this period.
To review both the surgical-related, and hardware-related adverse effects of deep brain stimulation (DBS) in a single center over the last five years.

All patients who underwent DBS electrode implantation at the Akdeniz University Hospital during the last five years participated in this study. Demographic information (sex, age, diagnosis, the duration between diagnosis and surgery, comorbid disease) and the date of surgery were collected from an electronic medical database. The adverse effects of DBS were classified into two surgery-related and hardware-related effects, which were further subdivided based on whether they occurred intraoperatively, in the early postoperative stage, or over a long period time.

A database of 47 patients with 90 DBS electrode implants was analyzed in the study. The median age at the time of surgery of all patients was 54 years (range 11-75). Comorbid diseases were recorded in 16 (34%) patients. Out of the total, 33 patients (70.2%) had no adverse effects related to DBS. Surgical-related adverse effects were observed in five patients and of these, one haD an asymptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), one had symptomatic ICH, one had both a seizure intraoperatively and an asymptomatic subdural hematoma whereas the other two had non-infectious peri-electrode edema. Hardware-related adverse effects were recorded in nine patients (19.1%). We recorded infections in six (12.7%) patients, erosion without infection in two (4.2%), and both lead fracture and lead malposition in one patient. All long-lasting adverse effects were hardware-related and recorded in eight (19%) patients.

DBS has been a well-established treatment for movement disorders but is associated with an increased risk of some adverse events which have been analyzed in this study.
DBS has been a well-established treatment for movement disorders but is associated with an increased risk of some adverse events which have been analyzed in this study.As recently described, fungal secondary metabolism activates during infection in response to a hostile host environment. Gliotoxin and bis(methylthio)gliotoxin are two recognized secondary metabolites produced by Aspergillus fumigatus with differential cytotoxicity and involved in virulence. We sought to describe the temporal dynamics of gliotoxin and bis(methylthio)gliotoxin during A. fumigatus progression to further explore their role in the infection. First, we optimized the production of the mycotoxins under different in vitro growth conditions and then specifically measured them using an UHPLC/PDA method. The analytical conditions were selected after testing different parameters such as extraction procedures, column type, and mobile phase composition. this website We found that gliotoxin and bis(methylthio)gliotoxin are differentially excreted to the extracellular media during the course of A. fumigatus infection regardless of the growth format tested. Dynamic profiles show an early production of gliotoxin, which, afe an early phase of development, whereas the detection of the inactive derivate may represent an advanced infection stage.
Approximately 30% of individuals with schizophrenia (SZ) are resistant to conventional antipsychotic drug therapy (AP). Of these, one-third are also resistant to the second-line treatment, clozapine. Treatment resistance and refractoriness are associated with increased morbidity and disability, making timely detection of these issues critical. Variability in treatment responsiveness is partly genetic, but research has yet to identify variants suitable for personalizing antipsychotic prescriptions.

We evaluated potential associations between response to AP and candidate gene variants previously linked to SZ or treatment response. Two groups of patients with SZ were evaluated one receiving clozapine (n = 135) and the other receiving another second-generation AP (n = 61). Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the genes OXT, OXTR, CNR1, DDC, and DRD2 were analyzed.

Several SNPs were associated with response vs. resistance to AP or clozapine.

This is the first study of its kind, to our knowledge, in our admixed Chilean population to address the complete treatment response spectrum. We identified SNPs predictive of treatment-resistant SZ in the genes OXT, CNR1, DDC, and DRD2.
This is the first study of its kind, to our knowledge, in our admixed Chilean population to address the complete treatment response spectrum. We identified SNPs predictive of treatment-resistant SZ in the genes OXT, CNR1, DDC, and DRD2.
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