Notes

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fectiveness of the different teaching and learning approaches in the development of IPE competencies.
SHuffle is a suitable Escherichia coli (E. coli) strain for high yield cytoplasmic soluble expression of disulfide-bonded proteins such as Insulin due to its oxidative cytoplasmic condition and the ability to correct the arrangement of disulfide bonds. Lispro is an Insulin analog that is conventionally produced in E. coli as inclusion bodies (IBs) with prolonged production time and low recovery. Here in this study, we aimed to optimize cultivation media composition for high cell density fermentation of SHuffle T7 E. coli expressing soluble Lispro proinsulin fused to SUMO tag (SU-INS construct) to obtain high cell density fermentation.

Factors including carbon and nitrogen sources, salts, metal ions, and pH were screened via Plackett-Burman design for their effectiveness on cell dry weight (CDW) as a measure of cell growth. The most significant variables of the screening experiment were Yeast extract and MgCl
concentration, as well as pH. Succeedingly, The Central Composite Design was utilized to further evaluate and optimize the level of significant variables. The Optimized media (OM-I) enhanced biomass by 2.3 fold in the shake flask (2.5g/L CDW) that reached 6.45g/L (2.6 fold increase) when applied in batch culture fermentation. The efficacy of OM-I media for soluble expression was confirmed in both shake flask and fermentor.

The proposed media was suitable for high cell density fermentation of E. coli SHuffle T7 and was applicable for high yield soluble expression of Lispro proinsulin.
The proposed media was suitable for high cell density fermentation of E. coli SHuffle T7 and was applicable for high yield soluble expression of Lispro proinsulin.
We aimed to assess the utility of a clinician-reported outcome (the Japanese Orthopedic Association [JOA] hip score) as evaluated by clinicians and physiotherapists. This assessment was made by comparing these scores to those of the JOA hip disease evaluation questionnaire (JHEQ), which is a measurement of patient-reported outcomes after total hip arthroplasty.

In this retrospective case-control study, 52 hips that underwent primary total hip arthroplasty were included in the analyses. The mean age of the participants was 66.8 years (sex, seven male and 45 female participants). The JOA hip score included four categories pain, range of motion, ability to walk, and active daily living. The JHEQ included three categories pain, movement, and mental health. These scores were evaluated preoperatively and postoperatively by clinicians or physiotherapists. Pearson's correlation coefficients were utilized to analyze the association of the JOA hip scores to those of the JHEQ.

The JOA hip scores were determined byhat clinicians may interpret the results in a way that might have been beneficial to them. To comprehend a patients' health status, we should inclusively understand the varying range of information among different evaluators.
Pedicle screw invasion of the proximal articular process will cause local articular process degeneration and acceleration, which is an important factor affecting adjacent segment degeneration. Although lumbar spondylolisthesis is a risk factor for screw invasion of the proximal joint, there is no clear conclusion regarding the two different types of spondylolisthesis. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to explore the influence of pedicle screw placement on proximal facet invasion in the treatment of degenerative spondylolisthesis and isthmic spondylolisthesis.

In total, 468 cases of lumbar spondylolisthesis treated by decompression and fusion in our hospital from January 2017 to January 2020 were included in this retrospective study. Among them, 238 cases were degenerative spondylolisthesis (group A), and 230 cases were isthmic spondylolisthesis (group B). Sex, age, body mass index, bone mineral density, preoperative visual analog scale (VAS) and Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) scores, postoperativeed the patient prognosis.
Neck pain is one of the most common musculoskeletal disorders, having an age-standardised prevalence rate of 27.0 per 1000 population in 2019. This literature review describes the global epidemiology and trends associated with neck pain, before exploring the psychological and biological risk factors associated with the initiation and progression of neck pain.

The PubMed database and Google Scholar search engine were searched up to May 21, 2021. Studies were included that used human subjects and evaluated the effects of biological or psychological factors on the occurrence or progression of neck pain, or reported its epidemiology.

Psychological risk factors, such as long-term stress, lack of social support, anxiety, and depression are important risk factors for neck pain. In terms of the biological risks, neck pain might occur as a consequence of certain diseases, such as neuromusculoskeletal disorders or autoimmune diseases. There is also evidence that demographic characteristics, such as age and sex, can influence the prevalence and development of neck pain, although further research is needed.

The findings of the present study provide a comprehensive and informative overview that should be useful for the prevention, diagnosis, and management of neck pain.
The findings of the present study provide a comprehensive and informative overview that should be useful for the prevention, diagnosis, and management of neck pain.
Seizure predisposes patients to shoulder dislocation. However, there is no consensus regarding the best management approach for recurrent shoulder dislocation in patients who have a history of seizures. In this study, we report the outcome of arthroscopic Bankart repair augmented by Remplissage for the recurrent anterior shoulder dislocation in a series of patients with a history of seizures.

In this retrospective study, 27 patients with 29 recurrent anterior shoulder dislocations who were treated with the arthroscopic Bankart repair were included. All cases had deep Hill-Sachs lesions according to Hardy classification that was managed with a Remplissage technique. Patients with a glenoid defect of more than 20% in the CT scan were excluded. Orforglipron Twenty-two patients had an epileptic seizure, while the remaining five patients had convulsions due to other causes. The mean age of the patients was 28.3 ± 6.2 years. The mean follow-up of the patients was 3.1 ± 1.2 years. Outcome measures included the shoulder rangeould be regarded as a safe and efficient method for the treatment of recurrent anterior shoulder dislocation with glenoid defect less then  20%.
The virtual conference format has become an essential tool for professional development of researchers around the world since the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic. This study aims to identify empirical evidence of the benefits and challenges of virtual conferences by investigating participants' experiences with them.

The study participants were delegates to the 40th annual meeting of the Korean Society of Nephrology, which was held virtually in September, 2020. A questionnaire was developed and implemented among the conference attendees. The 44-item questionnaire included five sub-scales related to participant perceptions of the virtual conference, which were (a) convenience and accessibility, (b) planning and organization, (c) technology use, (d) social exchanges, and (e) overall satisfaction, their preferences of conference formats, and their views of future projections for a virtual conference.

A total of 279 delegates completed and returned the questionnaires (18.8% response rate). Participants varh using technology or with online interactions, and there is a need for improvement in supporting social exchange among attendees. Also, it is suggested that a blend of asynchronous and synchronous delivery methods should be considered to meet the varied needs of attendees.
Although participants had positive perceptions of the virtual conference, more support needs to be offered to those who may be less comfortable with using technology or with online interactions, and there is a need for improvement in supporting social exchange among attendees. Also, it is suggested that a blend of asynchronous and synchronous delivery methods should be considered to meet the varied needs of attendees.
The aim of this study was to evaluate whether histone deacetylase 4 S246/467/632A mutant (m-HDAC4) has enhanced function at histone deacetylase 4 (HDAC4) to attenuate cartilage degeneration in a rat model of osteoarthritis (OA).

Chondrocytes were infected with Ad-m-HDAC4-GFP or Ad-HDAC4-GFP for 24 h, incubated with interleukin-1β (IL-1β 10 ng/mL) for 24 h, and then measured by RT-qPCR. Male Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 48) were randomly divided into four groups and transduced with different vectors ACLT/Ad-GFP, ACLT/Ad-HDAC4-GFP, ACLT/Ad-m-HDAC4-GFP, and sham/Ad-GFP. All rats received intra-articular injections 48 h after the operation and every 3 weeks thereafter. Cartilage damage was assessed using radiography and Safranin O staining and quantified using the OARSI score. The hypertrophic and anabolic molecules were detected by immunohistochemistry and RT-qPCR.

M-HDAC4 decreased the expression levels of Runx-2, Mmp-13, and Col 10a1, but increased the levels of Col 2a1 and ACAN more effectively than HDAC4 ihe nucleus. M-HDAC4 was more effective in attenuating articular cartilage damage than HDAC4.
Whole-body vibration (WBV) training can provoke reactive muscle response and thus exert beneficial effects in various neurological patients. This study aimed to investigate the muscles activation and acceleration transmissibility of the lower extremity to try to understand the neuromuscular control in the Parkinson's disease (PD) patients under different conditions of the WBV training, including position and frequency.

Sixteen PD patients and sixteen controls were enrolled. Each of them would receive two WBV training sessions with 3 and 20 Hz mechanical vibration in separated days. In each session, they were asked to stand on the WBV machine with straight and then bended knee joint positions, while the vibration stimulation was delivered or not. The electromyographic (EMG) signals and the segmental acceleration from the lower extremity were recorded and processed. The amplitude, co-contraction indexes (CCI), and normalized median frequency slope (NMFS) from the EMG signals, and the acceleration transmissired neuromuscular control compared with the controls in responding to the WBV stimulations, with generally higher EMG amplitude of lower extremity muscles. For designing WBV strengthening protocol in the PD population, the 3 Hz with straight or flexed knee protocol was recommended to recruit more thigh muscles; the bended knee position with 20 Hz vibration was for the shank muscles.
The PD patients demonstrated altered neuromuscular control compared with the controls in responding to the WBV stimulations, with generally higher EMG amplitude of lower extremity muscles. For designing WBV strengthening protocol in the PD population, the 3 Hz with straight or flexed knee protocol was recommended to recruit more thigh muscles; the bended knee position with 20 Hz vibration was for the shank muscles.
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