Notes

Predictive price of Which vs. IAP Body mass index charts with regard to detection associated with metabolic threat throughout Indian native children along with adolescents.
However, collagen III supplementation can rescue BHPF inhibition on decidualization. Further, our study demonstrates that BHPF impairs human decidualization through the HB-EGF/EGFR/STAT3/Collagen III pathway. Taken together these data suggest that exposure to BHPF impairs mouse and human decidualization during early pregnancy.Whalers Bay, in Deception Island, has one of the most anthropogenically impacted areas in Maritime Antarctica. However, considering the volcanic nature (high concentrations of heavy metals) of Deception Island's soils, this putative anthropogenic impact should be carefully investigated. In this context, the objective of this study was to compare resistome profiles of impacted and non-impacted areas in Deception Island (Whalers Bay, Crater Lake, and Fumarole Bay) and Livingston Island (Hannah Point) in order to investigate the microbiome tolerance/resistance mechanisms selected as a function of environmental drivers. Metagenomics was used to search for genes conferring resistance/tolerance to antibiotics, biocides, and heavy metals. Whalers Bay has a greater diversity of antibiotic, biocide, and heavy metal resistance classes found in its microbiomes. However, Hannah Point, at Livingston Island, has a greater abundance of antibiotic and biocide resistance/tolerance genes. The microbiome of Deception Island's non-impacted areas (Crater Lake and Fumarole Bay) showed resistance/tolerance genes almost entirely to heavy metals. Pb was found in higher concentrations in Whalers Bay soil in comparison to the other areas, indicating human contamination. The non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) analysis revealed that Pb concentrations influenced resistome profiles in Whalers Bay soil. Despite the effect of Pb on the microbial communities of Whalers Bay, most heavy metal concentrations did not have a significant impact on resistome genes, suggesting that the volcanic soil heavy metal concentration of Deception Island has little biological influence.Fluoride is an important trace element in the living body. A suitable amount of fluoride has a beneficial effect on the body, but disproportionate fluoride entering the body will affect various organs and systems, especially the liver, kidneys, nervous system, endocrine system, reproductive system, bone, and intestinal system. In recent years, with the rapid development of agriculture and industry, fluoride pollution has become one of the important factors of environmental pollution, and fluoride pollution in any form is becoming a serious problem. Although countries around the world have made great breakthroughs in controlling fluoride pollution, however fluorosis still exists. A large amount of fluoride accumulated in animals will not only produce the toxic effects, but it also causes cell damage and affect the normal physiological activities of the body. There is no systematic description of the damage mechanism of fluoride. Therefore, the study on the toxicity mechanism of fluoride is still in progress. This review summarizes the existing information of several molecular mechanisms of the fluoride toxicity comprehensively, aiming to clarify the toxic mechanism of fluoride on various body systems. We have also summerized the pathological changes of those organ systems after fluoride poisoning in order to provide some ideas and solutions to the reader for the prevention and control of modern fluoride pollution.The oceanic production and release of volatile halocarbons (VHCs) to the atmosphere play a vital role in regulating the global climate. In this study, seasonal and spatial variations in VHCs, including trichlorofluoromethane (CFC-11), methyl iodide (CH3I), dibromomethane (CH2Br2), and bromoform (CHBr3), and environmental parameters affecting their concentrations were characterized in the atmosphere and seawater of the Yangtze River Estuary and its adjacent marine area during two cruises from October 17 to October 26, 2019 and from May 12 to May 25, 2020. Significant seasonal variations were observed in the atmosphere and seawater because of seasonal differences in the prevalent monsoon, water mass (Yangtze River Diluted Water), and biogenic production. VHCs concentrations were positively correlated with Chl-a concentrations in the surface water during autumn. The average sea-to-air fluxes of CH3I, CH2Br2, and CHBr3 in autumn were 19.7, 4.0, and 7.6 nmol m-2 d-1, respectively, while those in spring were 6.3, 6.4, and -3.6 nmol m-2 d-1. In the ship-based incubation experiments, ocean acidification and dust deposition had no significant effects on VHCs concentrations. The concentrations of CH2Br2 and CHBr3 were significantly positively correlated with phytoplankton biomass under lower pH condition (M3 pH 7.9). This result indicated that CH2Br2 and CHBr3 concentrations were mainly related to the biological release.Arctic marine ecosystems are experiencing rapid change, such as ocean warming and enhanced pollutants. Perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) arriving via long-range transport have been detected in Arctic wildlife, including seabirds which are considered sentinels of marine ecosystem health. There is evidence that PFAA exposure leads to the disruption of thyroid hormones (THs), such as thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3), which play important roles in metabolism, incubation, and thermoregulation in seabirds. Here, we investigated relationships between PFAAs and THs [total T4 (TT4), free T4 (FT4), total T3 (TT3) and free T3 (FT3)] in blood plasma collected from 63 thick-billed murres (Uria lomvia) at a colony located in northern Hudson Bay (2016-2018). We then tested if PFAAs and TH levels were related to fitness-associated reproductive traits, such as body mass and hatch dates. PFUdA, PFOS, and PFTrDA were the dominant PFAAs in murre blood, accounting for approximately 77% of ∑PFAA. Females had higher PFAAs than males, possibly due to higher trophic feeding. While FT3 increased with PFOS, PFNA, PFDA, PFDoA, PFTeDA, ∑PFCA7, and ∑PFAA in murres, TT3 decreased with PFOS, PFDoA, and PFTeDA in males, but not females, suggesting thyroid disruption. TT3 increased with body mass, whereas several long-chain PFAAs were negatively correlated with body mass. Negative relationships between PFNA, PFDoA, PFTrDA, PFTeDA, and ∑PFAA with hatch dates may be the result of a disruption in incubation behaviour, resulting in earlier hatch dates. Consequently, TT3 concentrations were highest in males and females in 2018, a year in which PFAAs were lowest and hatch dates were delayed relative to 2017. As an Arctic seabird experiencing several indirect effects of climate change, the interaction of PFAAs on thyroid activity may cause additional stress to murres.Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are a matter of great concern. They are ubiquitous in the environment, are considered harmful to humans and wildlife, yet remain challenging to identify based on current international test guidelines and regulatory frameworks. For a compound to be identified as an EDC within the EU regulatory system, a plausible link between an endocrine mode-of-action and an adverse effect outcome in an intact organism must be established. This requires in-depth knowledge about molecular pathways regulating normal development and function in animals and humans in order to elucidate causes for disease. Although our knowledge about the role of the endocrine system in animal development and function is substantial, it remains challenging to predict endocrine-related disease outcomes in intact animals based on non-animal test data. A main reason for this is that our knowledge about mechanism-of-action are still lacking for essential causal components, coupled with the sizeable challenge of mimicking the complex multi-organ endocrine system by methodological reductionism. Herein, we highlight this challenge by drawing examples from male reproductive toxicity, which is an area that has been at the forefront of EDC research since its inception. We discuss the importance of increased focus on characterizing mechanism-of-action for EDC-induced adverse health effects. This is so we can design more robust and reliable testing strategies using non-animal test methods for predictive toxicology; both to improve chemical risk assessment in general, but also to allow for considerable reduction and replacement of animal experiments in chemicals testing of the 21st Century.We examined ingestion and retention rates of microplastics (MPs) by two freshwater (Japanese medaka and zebrafish) and two marine fish species (Indian medaka and clown anemonefish) to determine their color preferences and gastrointestinal-tract retention times. In our ingestion experiments, clown anemonefish ingested the most MP particles, followed by zebrafish, and then Japanese and Indian medaka. Next, we investigated color preferences among five MP colors. Red, yellow, and green MP were ingested at higher rates than gray and blue MPs for all tested fish species. To test whether these differences truly reflect a recognition of and preference for certain colors based on color vision, we investigated the preferences of clown anemonefish for MP colors under light and dark conditions. Under dark conditions, ingestion of MP particles was reduced, and color preferences were not observed. Finally, we assessed gastrointestinal-tract retention times for all four fish species. Some individuals retained MP particles in their gastrointestinal tracts for over 24 h after ingestion. Our results show that fish rely on color vision to recognize and express preferences for certain MP colors. In addition, MP excretion times varied widely among individuals. Our results provide new insights into accidental MP ingestion by fishes.Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) is a plasticiser that, if absorbed into the human body, can cause various adverse effects including reproductive toxicity, liver toxicity and gut microbiota dysbiosis. So far, some studies have proved that the toxicity of DEHP can be reduced by using antioxidants. However, these candidates all show potential side effects and cannot prevent the accumulation of DEHP in the body, making them unable to be used as a daily dietary supplement to relieve the toxic effects of DEHP. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) have antioxidant capacity and the ability to adsorb harmful substances. Herein, we investigated the protective effects of five strains of LAB, selected based on our in vitro assessments on antioxidant capacities or bio-binding capacities, against the adverse effects of DEHP exposure in rats. Our results showed that LAB strains with outstanding DEHP/MEHP binding capacities, Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis CCFM1018 and Lactobacillus plantarum CCFM1019, possess the ability to facilitate the elimination of DEHP and its metabolite mono-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (MEHP) with the faeces, decrease DEHP and MEHP level in serum further. Meanwhile, DEHP-induced liver and testicular injuries were effectively alleviated by CCFM1018 and CCFM1019. In addition, CCFM1018 effectively alleviated the DEHP-induced oxidative stress with its strong antioxidant ability. Didox Furthermore, both CCFM1018 and CCFM1019 modulated the gut microbiota, which in turn increased the concentrations of faecal propionate and butyrate and regulated the pathways related to host metabolism. Correlation analysis indicate that DEHP/MEHP bio-binding capacity of LAB plays a crucial role in protecting the body from DEHP exposure, and its antioxidant capacity and the ability to alleviate the gut microbiota dysbiosis are also involved in the alleviation of damage. Thus, LAB with powerful bio-binding capacity of DEHP and MEHP can be considered as a potential therapeutic dietary strategy against DEHP exposure.
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