Notes

Phytoplankton characteristics along with renewable energy probable activated through the environmental circumstances associated with Body of water Burullus, The red sea.
INTRODUCTION Limited data are available regarding the evaluation of right ventricular (RV) performance in patients with aortic stenosis (AS) undergoing transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI). OBJECTIVE To evaluate the prevalence of RV dysfunction in patients with severe AS undergoing TAVI and long-term changes. Rapamycin METHODS Consecutive patients with severe AS undergoing TAVI from January 2016 to July 2017 were included. RV anatomical and functional parameters were analyzed RV diameters, fractional area change, tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE), S-wave tissue Doppler of the tricuspid annulus (RV-S'TDI), global longitudinal strain (RV-GLS), and free wall strain (RV-FWS). Preprocedure and 1-year echo were analyzed. RESULTS Final population included 114 patients, mean age 83.63 ± 6.31 years, and 38.2% women. The prevalence of abnormal RV function was high, variable depending on the parameter that we analyzed, and it showed a significant reduction 1 year after TAVI implantation 13.9% vs 6.8% (TAPSE [20]), P = .03. Significant differences were noted between patients with low-flow (LF) vs normal-flow (NF) AS in RV dysfunction prevalence as well as in RV function recovery which is less evident in LF compared with NF patients. CONCLUSIONS RV dysfunction is high among symptomatic AS patients undergoing TAVI, with variable prevalence depending on the echocardiographic parameter used. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.BACKGROUND Age is known to be associated with the prevalence and pathophysiology of hypertension. However, there is little information on whether age stands as a good proxy for the specific hemodynamic profile of an individual with elevated blood pressure (BP), which could be important in the selection of therapy. DESIGN This is a cross-sectional study. SETTING People who underwent a noninvasive, hemodynamic assessment using impedance cardiography at 51 sites of iKang Health Checkup Centers throughout China between January 2012 and October 2018. PARTICIPANTS We included 116,851 individuals, aged 20 to 80 years. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Relationship between age and hemodynamic parameters (cardiac index, systemic vascular resistance index [SVRI]), among individuals with elevated BP (systolic BP ≥130 mm Hg or diastolic BP ≥80 mm Hg). RESULTS Final study population included 45,082 individuals with elevated BP 29,194 men and 15,888 women with a mean (±SD) age of 48 (±13) and 54 (±12) years, respectively. Cardiac index was negatively associated with age with an adjusted, per decade decrease of 0.17 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.17-0.18) L/min/m2 in men and 0.24 (95% CI = 0.23-0.25) L/min/m2 in women. SVRI was positively associated with age with an adjusted, per-decade increase of 174.2 (95% CI = 168.8-179.7) dynes·s·cm-5 ·m2 in men and 214.1 (95% CI = 204.3-223.8) dynes·s·cm-5 ·m2 in women. However, there was substantial overlap in the distribution of these parameters across different age groups in both sexes. CONCLUSIONS In this large study, we observed that cardiac index decreased and SVRI increased with age among individuals with elevated BP. Even though there was a general trend with age, we observed heterogeneity within age strata, suggesting that age alone is inadequate to indicate the hemodynamic profile for an individual. © 2020 The American Geriatrics Society.The genus Nanovirus consists of plant viruses that predominantly infect legumes leading to devastating crop losses. Nanoviruses are transmitted by various aphid species. The transmission occurs in a circulative nonpropagative manner. It was long suspected that a virus-encoded helper factor would be needed for successful transmission by aphids. Recently, a helper factor was identified as the nanovirus-encoded nuclear shuttle protein (NSP). The mode of action of NSP is currently unknown in contrast to helper factors from other plant viruses that, for example, facilitate binding of virus particles to receptors within the aphids' stylets. In this review, we are summarizing the current knowledge about nanovirus-aphid vector interactions. © 2020 The Authors. Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.Three-domain Cry toxins from the bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) are increasingly used in agriculture to replace chemical insecticides in pest control. Most chemical insecticides kill pest insects swiftly, but are also toxic to beneficial insects and other species in the agroecosystem. Cry toxins enjoy the advantages of high selectivity and the possibility of the application by sprays or transgenic plants. However, these benefits are offset by the limited host range and the evolution of resistance to Bt toxins by insect pests. Understanding how Bt toxins kill insects will help to understand the nature of both problems. The recent realization that ABC transporters play a central role in the killing mechanism will play an important role in devising solutions. © 2020 The Authors. Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.OBJECTIVES The Strategies to Reduce Injuries and Develop Confidence in Elders (STRIDE) study is testing the effectiveness of a multifactorial intervention to prevent serious fall injuries. Our aim was to describe procedures that were implemented to optimize participant retention; report retention yields by age, sex, clinical site, and follow-up time; provide reasons for study withdrawals; and highlight the successes and lessons learned from the STRIDE retention efforts. DESIGN Pragmatic cluster randomized trial. SETTING A total of 86 primary care practices within 10 US healthcare systems. PARTICIPANTS A total of 5451 community-living persons, 70 years of age or older, at high risk for serious fall injuries. MEASUREMENTS Study outcomes were collected every 4 months by a central call center. Reconsent was required to extend follow-up beyond the originally planned 36 months. RESULTS Over a median follow-up of 3.2 years (interquartile range = 2.8-3.7 y), 439 (8.1%) participants died and 600 (11.0%) withdrew theirs of vulnerable older persons. © 2020 The American Geriatrics Society.AIM To describe incomplete distal renal tubular acidosis (iDRTA) in pediatric patients, a term used for the diagnosis of patients who do not develop spontaneous overt metabolic acidosis but are unable to acidify the urine in response to an ammonium chloride load. METHODS Tests used to explore urinary acidification were revised. In addition, publications in English extracted from 161 entries yielded by a PubMed database search, using "incomplete distal renal tubular acidosis" as keyword, were reviewed. RESULTS iDRTA has mostly been identified in adults with autoimmune diseases, nephrolithiasis, nephrocalcinosis and/or osteopenia. iDRTA has been reported in few pediatric patients with rickets, congenital abnormalities of kidney and urological tract and/or growth failure. The pathophysiological mechanisms potentially responsible for the defect of urinary acidification are discussed as well as the clinical and biochemical findings of iDRTA described in children. CONCLUSION The presentation of iDRTA in children differs from adults. The clinical and biochemical features of iDRTA are not well characterized in pediatric patients. The detection of iDRTA in groups of population such as heterozygous carriers of primary DRTA gene mutations and children with hypocitraturia or hypercalciuria might be of clinical interest to better know the pathophysiology and natural history of iDRTA. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.OBJECTIVES This study analysed the cost-effectiveness of two different attachments for the 2-implant overdenture (2IOD) in edentulous mandibles. MATERIALS AND METHODS When considering alternative treatments, cost-effectiveness analysis is an important factor for stakeholders (patient, clinician, social security, insurance company, etc.). A general practice population (n = 116) was treated between 2003-2013 with a mandibular 2IOD with 2 different ball/stud attachment systems, one spherical (group D) and one cylindrical (group L). Patient well-being was assessed with OHIP-14-Total (OHIP-14-T), at intake and annually up to 5 years, to calculate the health effect. Initial and maintenance costs of both treatments were inventoried. The cost-effectiveness was compared. Annual discount rates of 4% and 1.5% were applied to future costs and health outcomes, following Dutch guidelines. Prices were adjusted to the year 2003. To offset the uncertainty in relevant input parameters, a sensitivity analysis was performed using bootstrap analysis. Significance was set at p less then 0.05. RESULTS The health effect was 6.36 (sd 5.32) for Group D and 8.54 (sd 5.63) for Group L. The sum of the discounted costs up to five years was EUR 4210.98 (sd 634.75) for the D and EUR 3840.62 (sd 302.63) for the L group (p=.005). The bootstrapping reports that L abutment clearly dominates the D abutment in terms of cost-effectiveness. CONCLUSIONS The 2IOD on the L abutment is dominant compared to the 2IOD on D abutment, in a 5 years perspective. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.OBJECTIVES Bipolar disorder (BD) is a psychiatric condition causing shifts in mood, energy and activity levels severely altering the quality of life of the patients even in the euthymic phase. Although widely accepted, the neurobiological bases of the disorder in the euthymic phase remain elusive. This study aims at characterizing resting state functional activity of the BD euthymic phase in order to better understand the pathogenesis of the disease and build future neurobiological models. METHODS Fifteen euthymic BD patients (10 females; mean age 40.2; standard deviation 13.5; range 20-61) and 27 healthy controls (HC) (21 females; mean age 37; standard deviation 10.6; range 22-60) underwent a 3T functional MRI scan at rest. Resting state activity was extracted through independent component analysis (ICA) run with automatic dimensionality estimation. RESULTS ICA identified 22 resting state networks (RSNs). Within-network analysis revealed decreased connectivity in the visual, temporal, motor and cerebellar RSNs of BD patients versus HC. Between-network analysis showed increased connectivity between motor area and the default mode network (DMN) partially overlapping with the fronto-parietal network (FPN) in BD patients. CONCLUSION Within-network analysis confirmed existing evidence of altered cerebellar, temporal, motor and visual networks in BD. Increased connectivity between the DMN and the motor area network suggests the presence of alterations of the fronto-parietal regions, precuneus and cingulate cortex in the euthymic condition. These findings indicate that specific connectivity alterations might persist even in the euthymic state suggesting the importance of examining both within and between-network connectivity to achieve a global understanding of the BD euthymic condition. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.AIM To explore the feasibility and value of transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) postprocessing subtraction technique in the detection of a stent in the coronary artery. METHOD Transthoracic echocardiography was used to examine 46 coronary artery stents in 30 patients by two-dimensional ultrasound postprocessing subtraction technique. The shape of each stent and its flow patency were observed. The patency was assessed according to blood flow and mosaic flow in the stent. Then, the results were compared with those of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) records and coronary angiography (CAG). RESULTS Transthoracic echocardiography detected 36 stents among 46 stents (two in the LMCA, 23 in the LAD, seven in the RCA, and two in the LCX); the detection rate was 78.3%. The average length of the stents was 21.8 ± 4.1 mm, and the average diameter was 2.4 ± 0.5 mm; both are shorter than those from PCI records (P less then .001). Of the 36 stents, blood flow could be observed in 27. Compared with the results of CAG, TTE had 75% feasibility and 92.
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