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Our study shows that strategic modification of CNCs results in fabrication of nanomotors with efficient propulsion system infused with multi-functional characteristics of high catalytic activity and magnetic hyperthermia which opens up new avenues for utilization of bio-based nanomotors derived from lignocellulose for myriad applications. V.Our previous study had demonstrated that oral administration of Houttuynia cordata polysaccharides (HCP) without in vitro antiviral activity ameliorated gut and lung injuries induced by influenza A virus (IAV) in mice. However, as macromolecules, HCP was hard to be absorbed in gastrointestinal tract and had no effect on lung injury when administrated intravenously. The action mechanism of HCP was thus proposed as regulating the gut mucosal-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT). Actually, HCP treatment restored the balance of Th17/Treg cells firstly in GALT and finally in the lung. HCP reduced the expression of chemokine CCL20 in the lung and regulated the balance of Th17/Treg carrying CCR6+ (the CCL20 receptor), which was associated with specific migration of Th17/Treg cells from GALT to lung. In vitro, HCP inhibited Th17 cell differentiation through the downregulation of phospho-STAT3, whereas it promoted Treg cell differentiation by upregulating phospho-STAT5. Furthermore, its therapeutic effect was abolished in RORγt-/- or Foxp3-/- mice. These findings indicated that oral administration of macromolecular polysaccharides like HCP might ameliorate lung injury in IAV infected mice via directly regulating the balance of Th17/Treg cells in gut-lung axis. Our results provided a potential mechanism underlying the therapeutic effect of polysaccharides on pulmonary infection. V.The continuous extrusion foaming of poly(lactic acid) (PLA) has several critical drawbacks that crucially limit the substitution of the renewable foams for the extruded foams based on synthetic plastics. In this work, the foamability of PLA melt through a twin-screw extrusion process was improved by using expanded graphite (EG) nanoplatelets having different aspect ratios and loadings along with an organic peroxide. Morphological observations demonstrated the beneficial influences of adding nanofiller, which resulted in the formation of microcellular foams with larger void content and cell densities. Different phenomena, which are involved in the extrusion foaming of PLA melt, are considerably affected by the presence of EG including rheological behavior, PLA crystallization, thermal chain scission of the matrix, chain extension function of the peroxide and thermal decomposition of foaming agent. To correlate the phenomena affected by EG nanofiller with foam morphology, the linear viscoelastic responses, molecular weight, crystallization kinetics and structural properties of PLA and PLA/EG nanocomposites were evaluated. V.In this work, alginate hydrogel fibers loading sulfanilamide were proposed using a combination of Ca2+ ions and glutaraldehyde crosslinking to develop an efficient wound dressing. The structure, mechanical properties, absorbency, in vitro drug release and cytotoxicity of the proposed alginate hydrogel fibers were investigated systematically. The results indicated that crosslinking with glutaraldehyde can efficiently enhance the mechanical properties of the alginate hydrogel fibers, and reduce their swelling degree which is beneficial for hydrogel fibers to obtain adjustable fluid adsorption capacity, sustained drug release feature over hydrogel fibers crosslinked only by Ca2+ ions. Antibacterial activity assay demonstrated the bactericidal ability of the alginate hydrogel fibers towards S. aureus and E. coli with the highest antibacterial rate of 99.9%. Furthermore, a preliminary trial of papermaking process for producing alginate hydrogel mats showed the workability and the applicability of the mechanically tough hydrogel fibers. Cytotoxicity assay indicated the enhancement of cell adhesion and proliferation, revealing the non-cytotoxicity and biocompatibility of the alginate hydrogel mats. Based on the excellent mechanical strength, adjustable fluid adsorption capacity, sustained drug release, and biocompatibility, the bi-crosslinked alginate hydrogel fibers had a promising application as ideal wound dressings in clinic. A novel adsorbent based on N-Aminorhodanine modified chitosan hydrogel was synthesized and evaluated for antibacterial and copper ions removal from aqueous systems. N-Aminorhodanine was reacted with glutaraldehyde to yield Schiff base followed by reaction with chitosan to obtain the new hydrogel adsorbent. The new adsorbent was analyzed using FTIR, 1H NMR, XRD, TGA, HR-SEM and EDX in addition to the swelling behavior. The maximum adsorption capacities of chitosan and modified chitosan for copper ions were 38 and 62.5 mg/g respectively. The adsorption isotherm belongs Freundlich model and pseudo second order kinetics regime. The adsorption was reach to maximum within 15 min for modified chitosan hydrogel while take about 360 min for chitosan. click here Regeneration of adsorbent showed only 23% decline after 6 cycles which indicate the stability of the new adsorbent and it can be reused several times with good efficiency. N-Aminorhodanine modified chitosan hydrogel showed good activity towards gram positive bacteria. V.Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is an extensive origin of nosocomial infections that are very much challenging as well as complicated to eradicate mostly due to their strong resistance against all existing antibiotic therapies. Here the chitosan-grafted-polycaprolactone/maleic anhydride-pyrazinamide (CS-g-PCL/MA-PZA) polymeric drug carrier constructed via dialysis for anti-MRSA drugs like rifampicin (RF) and pyrazinamide (PZA) delivery. Nearly 200 nm size of the spherical particle with -20.04 mV of zeta potential observed. The cumulative PZA and RF releases from the carrier were observed 83.25% and 76.54% respectively in pH 5.5, and the in vitro drug release profile demonstrates that the fabricated micelle was pH-responsive. For the intestinal colonization, an in vivo assay performed using C. elegans, and the CS-g-PCL/MA-PZA/RF micelles treated worms generally belong to the weakly colonized category. Therefore, the study revealed that CS-g-PCL/MA-PZA/RF micelle could be a promising approach for therapeutic applications to achieve efficient anti-MRSA drug delivery.
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