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Baking soda: The Used in a comprehensive Acute Injury in promoting Wound Granulation and Contamination Control -- Would it be Better Than Standard Saline?
A novel tunable transmitter structure based on liquid crystal filter, to the best of our knowledge, is presented. The structure is designed for application to 5G fronthaul and supports 25 Gbps dense wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) transmission and tunable range of 35 nm. The design takes into account easy change of operation band over coarse WDM grid. Prototype samples are developed to test feasibility of the design.A deep-subwavelength metal spiral structure (MSS) waveguide with arbitrary bending angles was proposed and demonstrated to propagate magnetic localized surface plasmons (MLSPs) in theoretical, simulated and experimental ways. The uniform coupling strengths and frequencies for adjacent MSSs with different azimuthal angles represent a significant advancement in the development of structures supporting MLSPs over arbitrary bending angles. The consistency among spectra, dispersion, and field distributions for five MSSs indicates that backward propagation of MLSPs over arbitrary bending angles is possible. In addition, a long S-chain consisting of adjacent MSSs at various angles holds promise for applications involving long-distance MLSPs waveguides.Linear noise-reduction filters used in spectroscopy must strike a balance between reducing noise and preserving lineshapes, the two conflicting requirements of interest. Here, we quantify this tradeoff by capitalizing on Parseval's Theorem to cast two measures of performance, mean-square error (MSE) and noise, into reciprocal- (Fourier-) space (RS). The resulting expressions are simpler and more informative than those based in direct- (spectral-) space (DS). These results provide quantitative insight not only into the effectiveness of different linear filters, but also information as to how they can be improved. Surprisingly, the rectangular ("ideal" or "brick wall") filter is found to be nearly optimal, a consequence of eliminating distortion in low-order Fourier coefficients where the major fraction of spectral information is contained. Using the information provided by the RS version of MSE, we develop a version that is demonstrably superior to the brick-wall and also the Gauss-Hermite filter, its former nearest competitor.We consider refractive index sensing with optical bounds states in the continuum (BICs) in dielectric gratings. Applying a perturbative approach we derived the differential sensitivity and the figure of merit of a sensor operating in the spectral vicinity of a BIC. Optimisation design approach for engineering an effective sensor is proposed. An analytic formula for the maximal sensitivity with an optical BIC is derived. The results are supplied with straightforward numerical simulations.We developed an original model describing the process of the frequency comb generation in the self-injection locking regime and performed numerical simulation of this process. Generation of the dissipative Kerr solitons in the self-injection locking regime at anomalous group velocity dispersion was studied numerically. Different regimes of the soliton excitation depending on the locking phase, backscattering parameter and pump power were identified. It was also proposed and confirmed numerically that self-injection locking may provide an easy way for the generation of the frequency combs at normal group velocity dispersion. Generation of platicons was demonstrated and studied in detail. The parameter range providing platicon excitation was found.In this work, a gallium nitride (GaN) metalens as a remote device has been applied to a commercially available white light-emitting diode (LED). We show the successful demonstration in fabricating the high-aspect-ratio GaN metalens capable of diffraction-limited focusing with an experimentally focusing efficiency up to 89% at the wavelength of 450 nm. The metalens can also resolve the subwavelength features as imaging. For the proof of concept, the rainbow-like phenomenon can be observed by using the remote GaN metalens to disperse the white light radiated by the white LED. The diode lasers working at various wavelengths have been employed to carefully verify the positions of colors in the rainbow-like profile. The results in this study can inspire the semiconductor manufacturing industry at integrating metalenses of various kinds and functionalities into the package of LED modules in the near future and prospect widespread applications in advanced solid-state lighting.We develop a photonic crystal filter with a new structure and propose a method to realize a snapshot multispectral polarization camera by mounting the filter on a monochrome imager with no requirement for a specific alignment. The developed filter is based on the Voronoi structure, which forms multilayered photonic crystals with random wave-like structures in each of the Voronoi cells. Because the transmission characteristics of the multilayered photonic crystal can be controlled simply by changing the microstructure, there is no need to change the manufacturing process and materials for each Voronoi cell. Furthermore, the Voronoi cell is randomly distributed so that the filter can be junctioned with the imager at arbitrary positions and angles without the need to position the filter during mounting, although it requires measurement of the camera characteristics and an image restoration process after filter mounting. In this experiment, we evaluated to reconstruct spectra as well as linearly polarized components and RGB images in the visible wavelength range from a single exposure image.We demonstrate a conceptually simple polarization-independent mechanism for nearly perfect infrared light transmission through a subwavelength one-dimensional metal grating implemented in the grooves of a deep-subwavelength monolithic high-contrast grating (metalMHCG). We provide theoretical background explaining the transmission mechanism, which eliminates Fresnel reflection as well as significantly reduces metal absorption and the reflection of transverse electric and transverse magnetic light polarizations. Careful design of a metalMHCG implemented at the interface between the regions of high refractive index contrast enables the coincidence of high transmission conditions for both light polarizations, enabling up to 97% transmission of polarization-independent infrared radiation. Our analysis shows excellent electrical properties of the metalMHCG as evidenced by sheet resistance of 2 ΩSq-1 facilitating straightforward horizontal electron transport and vertical injection of the current into the semiconductor substrate on which the electrode is implemented.Angular dispersion observed in a nanosecond optical parametric chirped-pulse amplification (ns-OPCPA) amplifier adopted in the frontend of a multi-PW laser was analyzed. The theory on the angular dispersion, extended by including the wavefront rotation and the pulse front tilt of a strongly chirped laser pulse, revealed that the wavefront rotation is a major contributor to the angular dispersion, as compared to the pulse front tilt, in a ns-OPCPA amplifier. It was also shown that the wavefront rotation could be introduced by the phase mismatch and the noncollinear propagation angle in the noncollinear ns-OPCPA amplifier. The theoretical prediction was experimentally verified by measuring the angular dispersion of the ns-OPCPA frontend installed in the 20-fs, 4-PW TiSapphire laser. Buparlisib We emphasize the importance of the proper characterization and control of the angular dispersion in the ns-OPCPA amplifier since the focus intensity of an ultrahigh power laser could be significantly reduced due to the spatiotemporal effect even for small induced angular dispersion.Spruce is the commonly-used tonewood for the top plate of violin-family instruments, such as violins and cellos. The wood properties can critically determine the acoustic quality. It's been shown the wood of famous old instruments differ from modern ones due to chemical treatment and aging. To reveal the differences microscopically in both spatial and spectral domains, a two-photon hyperspectral system has been applied to investigate the autofluorescence and second harmonic generation within wood samples. Not only the cellular structures were observed through optical sectioning, but the spectral variations were revealed among different age wood samples and different cellular structures.An ion-exchange process has been developed for periodically poled Rb-doped KTiOPO4 (RKTP) which warrants high efficiency and low loss channel waveguides. The domain stability was investigated, and it was found that domain gratings with uncharged walls could stand the ion-exchange process without deterioration. 3.1 mW of blue second harmonic light was generated from 74 mW of radiation at 940.2 nm coupled into an 8 µm wide and 7 mm long waveguide, corresponding to a normalized conversion efficiency of 115%/Wcm2. Waveguides in PPRKTP open the possibility for stable operation at high optical powers, as well as generating entangled photons at low optical powers, and enable the investigation of novel nonlinear processes such as counter-propagating interactions in a waveguide format.A novel configuration of a Fourier domain mode locked (FDML) laser based on silicon photonics platform is presented in this work that exploits the narrowband reflection spectrum of a photonic crystal (PhC) cavity resonator. Configured as a linear Fabry-Perot laser, forward biasing of a p-n junction on the PhC cavity allowed for thermal tuning of the spectrum. The modulation frequency applied to the reflector equalled the inverse roundtrip time of the long cavity resulting in stable FDML operation over the swept wavelength range. An interferometric phase measurement measured the sweeping instantaneous frequency of the laser. The silicon photonics platform has potential for very compact implementation, and the electro-optic modulation method opens the possibility of modulation speeds far beyond those of mechanical filters.The state of the art terahertz-frequency quantum cascade lasers have opened a plethora of applications over the past two decades by testing several designs up to the very limit of operating temperature, optical power and lasing frequency performance. The temperature degradation mechanisms have long been under the debate for limiting the operation up to 210 K in pulsed operation in the GaAs/AlGaAs material system. In this work, we review the existing designs and exploit two main temperature degradation mechanisms by presenting a design in which they both prove beneficial to the lasing operation by dual pumping and dual extracting lasing levels. We have applied the density matrix transport model to select potential candidate structures by simulating over two million active region designs. We present several designs which offer better performance than the current record structure.Early detection of a gas kick is crucial for preventing uncontrolled blowout that could cause loss of life, loss of assets, and environmental damage. Multiphase flow experiments conducted in this research demonstrate the capability of downhole fiber optic sensors to detect a potential gas influx in real-time in a 5000 ft deep wellbore. Gas rise velocities estimated independently using fiber optic distributed acoustic sensor (DAS), distributed temperature sensor (DTS), downhole gauges, surface measurements, and multiphase flow correlations show good agreement in each case, demonstrating reliability in the assessment. Real-time data visualization was implemented on a secure cloud-based platform to improve computational efficiency. This study provides novel insights on the effect of circulation rates, gas kick volumes, backpressure, and injection methods on gas rise dynamics in a full-scale wellbore.
Here's my website: https://www.selleckchem.com/products/BKM-120.html