Notes

Exposing the Device regarding "Huai Hua San" from the Management of Ulcerative Colitis based on System Pharmacology and Fresh Study.
ICPOES of the leachate obtained using spent medium showed that 61% of the copper and 35% of nickel were leached out after seven days of incubation at shaking condition and 57% of copper and 32.8% of nickel at static condition confirming acidolysis property of the strain. A. fumigatus A2DS metal absorption and adsorption ability were observed using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy energy dispersive X-ray (SEM-EDX) respectively. The results thus indicate that bioleaching of Cu and Ni is bioleached by A. fumigatus A2DS.
To investigate the etiology of common respiratory pathogens in children < 2years of age hospitalized with pneumonia in Xiamen from 2014 to 2017.

The medical records of 5581 children with pneumonia were retrospectively reviewed. Direct immunofluorescent test was used for respiratory virus testing. Bacteria were detected by conventional culture method. The results of pathogen detection at admission were analyzed as well as the clinical outcomes of children.

The burden of hospitalized children with pneumonia was highest among infants < 6months old (58.2%). Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) was the most common respiratory virus (26.0%) followed by parainfluenza (4.8%) and adenovirus (3.2%). Haemophilus influenzae was the most common bacteria detected (16.6%) followed by Moraxella catarrhalis (13.4%), Staphylococcus aureus (13.0%), Streptococcus pneumoniae (12.3%), Escherichia coli (5.1%) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (4.8%). Notably, RSV and K. pneumoniae were detected more frequently in severe pneumonia d Hib disease burden.
Immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN) is one of the most common primary forms of glomerulonephritis, while IgA vasculitis (IgAV) is the most common systemic vasculitis in children.

Herein we aimed to uncover single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers associated with these two related diseases by applying association tests and Sanger sequencing.

Within the discovery stage, genomic DNA in blood samples from 101 enrolled patients were genotyped by the Korean Biobank Array. Association tests were performed with 397 Korean reference genomes. In the validation stage, 26 independent samples were genotyped by Sanger sequencing.

Four SNPs were identified (P < 5 × 10
) in the discovery stage. To determine whether the genotypes determined by SNP array were accurate, additional genotyping via Sanger sequencing was performed. As a result, only one SNP, rs9428555, was properly genotyped. In the validation stage, the minor allele (A > G) was found in as many as 15 out of 26 samples (minor allele frequency = 0.288), even though this minor allele is rare in East Asians (< 3%).

We found rs9428555 as a novel susceptible locus associated with the development of both IgAN and IgAV in Koreans. Though we cannot conclude rs9428555 is the unique susceptible locus of IgAN and IgAV, it is likely a good marker as the minor allele of this SNP occurred much more often in the patient group here versus within East Asians as a whole.
We found rs9428555 as a novel susceptible locus associated with the development of both IgAN and IgAV in Koreans. Though we cannot conclude rs9428555 is the unique susceptible locus of IgAN and IgAV, it is likely a good marker as the minor allele of this SNP occurred much more often in the patient group here versus within East Asians as a whole.
The burden of dental care in Amelogenesis Imperfecta (AI) has not been well described. This condition results in weak, discoloured and often sensitive teeth. Specialist paediatric care is available for AI patients in the UK, but treatment protocols and care provided are inconsistent. The aim of this study was therefore to analyse the provision of treatment and burden of care for children and families with AI across four Paediatric Dentistry centres in the UK.

A retrospective evaluation of AI patient clinical records across four UK consultant-led Paediatric Dentistry centres was completed. Frequency and duration of care were recorded along with treatment and experience of inhalation sedation, local and general anaesthetic.

In total, 138 records were available for analysis. The average patient age at first referral was 7.7 years (range 1-16 years) and families travelled an average 21.8 miles per appointment (range 0.2-286 miles). Patients attended on average 4.5 appointments per year for 5.8years. In total, 65.2% had experience of local anaesthetic, 27.5% inhalation sedation and 31.9% general anaesthetic. Dental treatment including restorations and extractions were commonly required on multiple teeth per patient.

AI carries a high burden of specialist dental care to patients and families. Specialist centres are required to provide longitudinal, comprehensive care.
AI carries a high burden of specialist dental care to patients and families. Specialist centres are required to provide longitudinal, comprehensive care.
Pulpectomy may be indicated in restorable primary teeth exhibiting irreversible pulpitis or pulpal necrosis. The purpose of this study was to compare the cleaning and shaping efficacy of NiTi systems (Reciproc
Blue and MTwo
) with manual stainless-steel instrumentation in primary molars using micro-CT analysis.

Fifty-seven maxillary second primary molars were scanned using micro-CT. Teeth with three divergent roots were divided randomly (n = 15) according to instrument type (K file, MTwo®, and Reciproc® Blue). Teeth with root fusion were instrumented manually as a separate group (n = 12). Pre- and post-instrumentation micro-CT images were superimposed, and the instrumentation area (IA) and procedural complications were recorded.

No statistically significant differences in IA between file systems was observed in the non-fused teeth. The mean IA of fused roots was significantly lower than in the non-fused distobuccal (p = 0.003) and palatal (p < 0.001) roots. The root segment had a significant effect on IA (p < 0.001) and the highest mean IA was observed in the apical third. Manual instrumentation had fewer procedural complications compared with rotary systems.

No differences were determined in the cleaning and shaping effectiveness of all systems in non-fused teeth. Uninstrumented areas (> 60%) occurred in both non-fused and fused primary teeth with fewer procedural complications observed after manual instrumentation.
 60%) occurred in both non-fused and fused primary teeth with fewer procedural complications observed after manual instrumentation.The eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E (eIF4E) is a component of the eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4F, a significant complex in the protein translation process. It has been found to be closely related to many human tumors, such as gastric carcinoma. It is known that the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) upregulates eIF4E in various ways in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. However, there are very few studies on eIF4E in EBV-associated gastric carcinoma. We found that the expression level of eIF4E in EBV-associated gastric carcinoma was lower than other types of gastric carcinoma, and the downregulation of eIF4E could lead to increased apoptosis of gastric carcinoma cells, retardation at S phase, and decreased cell migration. The dual luciferase reporter experiment showed that EBV-miR-BART11-3p could directly target the 3'-UTR region of eIF4E, and BART11-3p is the key factor leading to the downregulation of eIF4E. It could provide a new evidence for EBV-regulating host gene to affect the development of gastric carcinoma.
Thyroid Bethesda classification system provides 6 diagnostic categories, the first being a sample deemed non-diagnostic or insufficient and requiring a subsequent second biopsy. Our objective was to evaluate differences in non-diagnostic fine needle aspiration (FNA) of thyroid nodules conducted with a 23-gauge(G) needle vs. those conducted with a 25 G needle.

Data from 298 aspiration procedures using either 23 G or 25 G needles were collected, including cytological findings, ultrasound characteristics and patient demographics. The samples were classified as diagnostic or non-diagnostic according to final cytology.

There was no statistically significant difference between the 25 G and 23 G needles in terms of non-diagnostic rates (35.7%, 31.9%; p = 0.494). Nodules defined as cystic had higher non-diagnostic rates (p < 0.05). Older patients as well as cystic nodules were associated with a higher non-diagnostic rate (OR = 1.018, p = 0.047, OR = 13.533, p = 0.0001, respectively), while nodule size was associated with lower non-diagnostic rates (OR = 0.747, p = 0.017).

The use of 25 G needle did not produce a lower non-diagnostic rate when compared to 23 G needle. Larger nodules might increase diagnostic rates, while older patients and cystic nodules are prone to inadequate samples. Patients and caregivers should be aware that FNA of small or cystic nodules as well as nodules in older patients may result in a higher non-diagnostic rate. Further research comparing other needles gauges should be conducted.
The use of 25 G needle did not produce a lower non-diagnostic rate when compared to 23 G needle. Larger nodules might increase diagnostic rates, while older patients and cystic nodules are prone to inadequate samples. Patients and caregivers should be aware that FNA of small or cystic nodules as well as nodules in older patients may result in a higher non-diagnostic rate. Further research comparing other needles gauges should be conducted.
Part 1 of this review on secondary osteoporosis of childhood was devoted to understanding which children should undergo bone health monitoring, when to label a child with osteoporosis in this setting, and how best to monitor in order to identify early, rather than late, signs of bone fragility. In Part 2 of this review, we discuss the next critical step in deciding which children require bisphosphonate therapy. This involves distinguishing which children have the potential to undergo "medication-unassisted" recovery from secondary osteoporosis, obviating the need for bisphosphonate administration, from those who require anti-resorptive therapy in order to recover from osteoporosis.

Unlike children with primary osteoporosis such as osteogenesis imperfecta, where the potential for recovery from osteoporosis without medical therapy is limited, many children with secondary osteoporosis can undergo complete recovery in the absence of bisphosphonate intervention. Over the last decade, natural history studies hagn of recovery, restitution of bone structure is also a key indicator of recuperation, one that is unique to childhood, and that plays a pivotal role in the decision to intervene or not.
Weight regain (WR) compromises the effectiveness of bariatric surgery. The objective of this study was to determine differences in long-term WR prevalence using different definitions and analyze possible preoperative predictors involved.

Single-center retrospective cohort study including 445 adults who underwent 3 modalities of bariatric surgery between 2009 and 2014.

age, gender, ethnicity, body mass index (BMI), type 2 diabetes (T2D), hypertension (HTN), and type of surgery.

WR at year 6 assessed by 4 definitions and 6 multivariate models based on common thresholds.

Our cohort (71.1% female) had a mean age of 44.78 ± 11.94 years, and mean presurgery BMI of 44.94 ± 6.88 kg/m
, with a median follow-up of 6 years (IQR=5-8). The prevalences of T2D and HTN were 36.0% and 46.7% respectively. Cyclopamine manufacturer WR rates over thresholds ranged from 25.4 to 68.1%, with significant differences between groups in the WR measured as the percentage of maximum weight loss (MWL) and the increase in excess weight loss (EWL). Presurgery BMI was a significant predictor in 3 models; restrictive techniques were associated with WR in all the models except for those considering WR over 10 kg and WR over 15% from nadir as dependent variables.
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