Notes

SENP2-PLCβ4 signaling regulates neurogenesis with the repair off calcium supplement homeostasis.
We propose the use of these categories as a general construct for classifying frustration in superionic conductors and discuss implications for future development of suitable descriptors and improvement strategies. This article is part of the Theo Murphy meeting issue 'Understanding fast-ion conduction in solid electrolytes'.The ability of some solid materials to exhibit exceptionally high ionic conductivities has been known since the observations of Michael Faraday in the nineteenth century (Faraday M. 1838 Phil. Trans. R. Soc. 90), yet a detailed understanding of the atomic-scale physics that gives rise to this behaviour remains an open scientific question. This theme issue collects articles from researchers working on this question of understanding fast-ion conduction in solid electrolytes. The issue opens with two perspectives, both of which discuss concepts that have been proposed as schema for understanding fast-ion conduction. The first perspective presents an overview of a series of experimental NMR studies, and uses this to frame discussion of the roles of ion-ion interactions, crystallographic disorder, low-dimensionality of crystal structures, and fast interfacial diffusion in nanocomposite materials. The second perspective reviews computational studies of halides, oxides, sulfides and hydroborates, focussing on the concept of frustration and how this can manifest in different forms in various fast-ion conductors. The issue also includes five primary research articles, each of which presents a detailed analysis of the factors that affect microscopic ion-diffusion in specific fast-ion conducting solid electrolytes, including oxide-ion conductors [Formula see text] and [Formula see text], lithium-ion conductors [Formula see text] and [Formula see text], and the prototypical fluoride-ion conductor [Formula see text]-[Formula see text]. This article is part of the Theo Murphy meeting issue 'Understanding fast-ion conduction in solid electrolytes'.The ordered structure A2B2O6O' in pyrochlores engenders twin rows of inequivalent anion sublattices each centred on alternating cations. While it is known that cation antisite disorder augments the ionic conductivity by several orders of magnitude, the local cation environment around the anions and the dynamic anion reordering during the cation disordering are not well-elucidated. Using atomistic simulations on Gd2Zr2O7, we first show that the anions engage in concerted hops to the neighbouring tetrahedral sites mostly along with the 〈1 0 0〉 direction while completely avoiding the octahedral sites. While the initially vacant 8a sites start accommodating oxygen ions with increasing cation disorder, they show noticeable reluctance even at significant levels of disorder. We have also tracked both the distribution of available oxygen sites following random cation disorder, which is dependent only on cation disordering, and the probability of occupation of these sites. Interestingly, the available oxygen sites show a non-monotonic dependence on the number of B ions in the nearest neighbouring shell while the occupation probability of all the available oxygen sites increases monotonically. A tetrahedral oxygen site thus has a better probability of being occupied when it has a greater number of second neighbour B ions. This article is part of the Theo Murphy meeting issue 'Understanding fast-ion conduction in solid electrolytes'.
This study investigates the effects of intra-articular injection of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (AdMSCs) and platelet-rich plasma (PRP) on lameness, pain, and quality of life in osteoarthritic canine patients.

With informed owner consent, adipose tissue collected from adult dogs diagnosed with degenerative joint disease was enzymatically digested and cultured to passage 1. A small portion of cells (n = 4) surplus to clinical need were characterized using flow cytometry and tri-lineage differentiation. The impact and degree of osteoarthritis (OA) was assessed using the Liverpool Osteoarthritis in Dogs (LOAD) score, Modified Canine Osteoarthritis Staging Tool (mCOAST), kinetic gait analysis, and diagnostic imaging. Overall, 28 joints (25 dogs) were injected with autologous AdMSCs and PRP. The patients were followed up at two, four, eight, 12, and 24 weeks. Data were analyzed using two related-samples Wilcoxon signed-rank or Mann-Whitney U tests with statistical significance set at p < 0.05.

AdMSCs demonstrated stem cell-like characteristics. LOAD scores were significantly lower at week 4 compared with preinjection (p = 0.021). The mCOAST improved significantly after three months (p = 0.001) and six months (p = 0.001). Asymmmetry indices decreased from four weeks post-injection and remained significantly lower at six months (p = 0.025).

These improvements in quality of life, reduction in pain on examination, and improved symmetry in dogs injected with AdMSCs and PRP support the effectiveness of this combined treatment for symptom modification in canine OA for six months. Cite this article
2021;10(10)650-658.
These improvements in quality of life, reduction in pain on examination, and improved symmetry in dogs injected with AdMSCs and PRP support the effectiveness of this combined treatment for symptom modification in canine OA for six months. Cite this article Bone Joint Res 2021;10(10)650-658.
Poststroke/transient ischemic attack obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is prevalent, linked with numerous unfavorable health consequences, but remains underdiagnosed. Reasons include patient inconvenience and costs associated with use of in-laboratory polysomnography (iPSG), the current standard tool. Fortunately, home sleep apnea testing (HSAT) can accurately diagnose OSA and is potentially more convenient and cost-effective compared with iPSG. Our objective was to assess whether screening for OSA in patients with stroke/transient ischemic attack using HSAT, compared with standard of care using iPSG, increased diagnosis and treatment of OSA, improved clinical outcomes and patient experiences with sleep testing, and was a cost-effective approach.

We consecutively recruited 250 patients who had sustained a stroke/transient ischemic attack within the past 6 months. Patients were randomized (11) to use of (1) HSAT versus (2) iPSG. Patients completed assessments and questionnaires at baseline and 6-month follow-uth iPSG increases the rate of OSA diagnosis and treatment, reduces daytime sleepiness, improves functional outcomes and experiences with sleep testing, and could be an economically attractive approach.

URL https//www.clinicaltrials.gov; Unique identifier NCT02454023.
URL https//www.clinicaltrials.gov; Unique identifier NCT02454023.Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are increasingly used in tissue regeneration, not only because of their multilineage differentiation ability, but also their immunomodulatory function, which allows them to play a role in the inflammatory milieu, especially in periodontitis. Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis) is an important pathogen associated with the progression of periodontitis. Heterogeneous MSC sources show differences in their inflammatory-immune responsiveness and osteogenesis capabilities when exposed to P. gingivalis and its virulence factors. This paper reviews the promoted inflammatory and immune responses of periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs), which are potential pitfalls in bone regeneration. MSCs from other sources showed contradictory inflammatory and immune reactions in the few studies on this topic. We also summarize the mechanisms involved in the inflammatory, immune responses and osteogenic potential of MSCs exposed to P. gingivalis and its virulence factors to inform an improved utilization of MSCs in regenerative therapies for periodontitis.[Figure see text].[Figure see text].[Figure see text].
The concept of a hospitalist has been well established. This model has been associated with reduced length of stay contributing to reduction in healthcare costs. Minimal literature is available assessing the effects of an otolaryngology (ENT) hospitalist at a tertiary medical center. Palbociclib The aim of this study is to assess the role of an ENT hospitalist on (1) performing tracheostomies and (2) providing care as part of the tracheostomy care team (TCT).

Retrospective chart review of all tracheostomies performed by the ENT service over 2 years (July 2015-June 2017), and prospective data collection of all tracheostomy care consults over 1 year (July 2016-June 2017). In year 1 (from July 2015 to June 2016), no ENT hospitalist was employed, and in year 2 (from July 2016 to June 2017), an ENT hospitalist was employed.

Compared to other Ear, Nose, and Throat (ENT) surgeons, the ENT hospitalist performed tracheostomies with shorter patient wait times, and performed a greater proportion of percutaneous tracheostomiese percutaneous tracheostomies, which has positive implications for resource utilization and healthcare cost. The average wait time to receive a tracheostomy was reduced when calculated across the entire department due to the availability of the ENT hospitalist to see and perform tracheostomies. The TCT generated many billable bedside procedures in addition to encouraged decannulation of patients. This study highlights the fact that the ENT hospitalist contributes to providing expedient tracheostomies and provides valuable consulting services as part of a TCT at a high-volume tertiary care facility.Breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed malignant tumor and the leading cause of cancer-related death in women worldwide. Previous studies have demonstrated that patients with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive/hormone receptor (HR)-positive metastatic breast cancer can benefit from HER2-targeted therapy. Pyrotinib, an irreversible tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI), has been demonstrated to be effective and safe in treating HER2-positive breast cancer patients. Letrozole is an aromatase inhibitor (AI) which has shown better clinical efficacy when combined with HER2 inhibitors in treating patients with HER2-positive and HR-positive breast cancer than has hormonal therapy alone. However, the effect of combination therapy with pyrotinib plus letrozole in HER2-positive/HR-positive metastatic breast cancer patients has not yet been investigated. In this case report, a 57-year-old female patient with HER2-positive/HR-positive breast cancer received modified radical mastectomy and experienced subsequent relapse and metastasis. She was diagnosed with relapsed right breast cancer, a right chest bone mass accompanied by bone destruction, and metastases in the chest wall and both lungs. She was then enrolled in a phase II clinical trial and was treated with pyrotinib plus letrozole, and achieved a durable clinical response. Our case shows that combination therapy with pyrotinib plus letrozole may provide significant clinical benefit for patients with HER2-positive/HR-positive metastatic breast cancer, with tolerable adverse events.Multidisciplinary treatment, mainly chemotherapy combined with immunotherapy, is preferred in patients with advanced lung cancer who are negative for driver genes and have an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status (ECOG PS) score of 0-1; in contrast, patients with an ECOG PS score of 3-4 should be managed with supportive treatment and palliative care rather than chemotherapy or other antitumor treatments. In the real-world settings, however, in the Chinese population, a large proportion of patients and their families are willing to take risks to receive benefit from oncological treatments. We encountered a patient who had definite advanced lung adenocarcinoma with multiple metastases and fusion in abdominal lymph nodes. Intestinal obstruction and obstructive jaundice were also observed. Despite the application of gastrointestinal decompression, continuous parenteral nutrition support, common bile duct stenting, and pancreatic duct stenting, no effective antitumor therapy (except in the case of immunotherapy) was attempted due to the high tumor burden and poor ECOG PS score in this patient.
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