Notes

Damaging humoral immune reply simply by HIF-1α-dependent metabolic reprogramming of the germinal centre reaction.
Kalman filter and its different variants are commonly used as optimal methods for fault detection in various types of system components. In this paper, a newly introduced type of aforementioned filters, called modal Kalman filter, is extended and utilized in order to estimate the states of nonlinear systems, for sensor fault detection purposes, in a class of nonlinear certain systems. This method, in contrast to the extended Kalman filter, which employs only the linear term of Taylor expansion, retains higher-order terms; as a result, the estimation error will reduce accordingly. Practicality and effectivity of this method, and its superiority over Kalman filter, in terms of accuracy and promptness of sensor fault detection, are also verified with simulation results.Choke finger system represents a vital piece of component within a wind tunnel system. Real time grasping the dynamic characteristics of the choke finger system accurately plays an important role in improving the controller design of a wind tunnel system. This research focuses on recursive identifying the choke finger system of the wind tunnel in China Aerodynamics Research and Development Center. According to the analysis results of experiment data, the choke finger system is expressed by a block-oriented model. Based on the model structure, a recursive algorithm is proposed to on-line estimate the unknown model parameters. The algorithm is modified according to the convergence analysis, which enlarges the convergence domain. Applying the proposed algorithm to the wind tunnel test, reasonable parameter estimates and accurate system output estimates are obtained from identification results.This paper proposes an unified procedure for time-varying dead-time compensation. The method is an adapted version of the Filtered Smith Predictor (FSP), which is coupled to a delay estimation scheme and two adaptive Linear Parameter Varying (LPV) blocks. These LPV blocks allow the DTC to autonomously regulate the amount of closed-loop robustness, with respect to the (estimated) amount of delay. The method is easily adjustable and can be tuned to provide a balance between robustness and performance objectives, while being able to deal with unstable and integrative processes. A series of numerical simulations are included to illustrate the advantages of the proposed method towards reference tracking, noise attenuation, disturbance rejection and uncertainty handling. This novel DTC enables enhanced performances with respect other methods from the literature.
Additive manufacturing or 3D printing is gaining popularity in dentistry, including for interim fixed dental prostheses (IFDPs). However, evidence regarding the color stability of 3D-printed IFDPs is lacking.

The purpose of this invitro study was to investigate whether different surface treatments could affect the color stability of milled and 3D-printed IFDPs after simulated physiological aging.

Forty milled IFDPs were fabricated with a 5-axis dental mill (DWX-51D; Roland DGA Corp) from polymethyl methacrylate disks (Temp Esthetic 98, A3.5, 98.5×16 mm; Harvest Dental Products, LLC). Forty 3D-printed IFDPs were fabricated with an in-office digital light processing 3D printer (MAX; Asiga) and light-polymerizing resin (NextDent Crown & Bridge A3.5; NextDent B.V). All milled and 3D-printed IFDPs were allocated into 4 different groups (n=10), according to different surface treatments Control, Polish, Optiglaze, and Skinglaze. In the Control group, no surface treatment was applied to the IFDPs. For the Phermocycling. The protective effect of light-polymerizing coating agents was more substantial.
For the milled IFDPs, only the nano-filled, light-polymerizing protective coating significantly lowered color changes after thermocycling simulating 6 months of intraoral physiological aging. For the 3D-printed IFDPs, surface polishing and both light-polymerizing protective coating agents all significantly reduced color changes of the prostheses after thermocycling. The protective effect of light-polymerizing coating agents was more substantial.Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a newly emerging human infectious disease that has quickly become a worldwide threat to health, mainly causing severe acute respiratory syndrome. In addition to the widely described respiratory syndrome, COVID-19 may cause life-treating complications directly or indirectly related to this infection. Among these, thrombotic complications have emerged as an important issue in patients with COVID-19 infection, particularly in patients in intensive care units. Thrombotic complications due to COVID-19 are likely to occur due to a pro-coagulant pattern encountered in some of these patients or to a progressive endothelial thrombo-inflammatory syndrome causing microvascular disease. In the present authors' experience, from five different hospitals in Italy and the UK, imaging has proved its utility in identifying these COVID-19-related thrombotic complications, with translational clinical relevance. The aim of this review is to illustrate thromboembolic complications directly or indirectly related to COVID-19 disease. Specifically, this review will show complications related to thromboembolism due to a pro-coagulant pattern from those likely related to an endothelial thrombo-inflammatory syndrome.
Racially disparate pain management affects both adult and pediatric patients, but is not well studied among pediatric surgical patients after discharge. The objectives were to evaluate racial disparities in pediatric postoperative opioid prescription filling.

This retrospective cohort study included black or white pediatric Medicaid patients who underwent tonsillectomy, supracondylar humeral fracture fixation, or appendectomy (2/2012-7/2016). Patients were followed for 14 days post-surgery to identify opioid prescription fills. selleckchem Logistic regression models evaluated the association between race and the probability of filling an opioid prescription.

Among 39,316 surgical patients, the proportions of patients with post-surgical opioid prescriptions were 66.0%, 83.9%, and 68.5%, among tonsillectomy, supracondylar fracture, and appendectomy patients, respectively. The proportion of black appendectomy patients with a postoperative opioid prescription was significantly lower compared to white patients (65.0% vs. 69.2% respectively, p = 0.03), but was no longer significant after adjusting for other patient and provider characteristics. There were no differences by race in opioid prescription filling among other surgical patient groups.

The present study did not identify racial disparities in opioid prescription filling in adjusted analyses. Racial differences in unadjusted postoperative opioid prescription filling among appendectomy patients may be explained in part by longer postoperative length-of-stay among black children.

Prognosis Study LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level II.
Prognosis Study LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level II.
The robotic surgery has been proposed as another adjunct for pediatric minimal surgery for choledochal cyst. However, the Roux-en-Y jejunal limb in most reports on robot-assist choledochal cyst resection is usually created extracorporeally in children. The pediatric surgery team of West China Hospital of Sichuan University had completed 10 cases of total robot-assisted choledochal cyst resection. The aim of this current study was to present our initial experience in total robot-assisted surgery and discuss the technical points.

Between January 2015 and February 2020, patients with choledochal cysts treated with total robot-assisted procedures were retrospectively analyzed. The data collected included demographic information of all patients, type and size of cyst, operative details and postoperative outcomes.

A total of 10 episodes of patients were enrolled in the study. The median age of the patient was 69.50 months with a mean weight of 20.50 kg. The most common symptoms were abdominal pain, vomiting, y.
To explore the surgical treatment and predictors of intestinal necrosis in children with intestinal obstruction through analyzing blood biochemical indicators, and to establish a predictive model and evaluate its predictive accuracy, sensitivity and specificity.

The data of children with intestinal obstruction hospitalized in Jiangxi Provincial Children's Hospital from January 2014 to June 2019 were retrospectively analyzed.

Thirty-six substances in the blood of children with successful conservative management and those requiring surgical treatment were significantly different. The model composed of 7 variables, including age, white blood cell count, creatine kinase, troponin I, myoglobin, C-reactive protein and fibrinogen, can be used to predict the unsuccessful conservative management in children with intestinal obstruction, whom need further operation. The average prediction accuracy was 83.50%, the false positive rate was 16.67% (32/192), AUROC is 0.9160 (95% CI, 0.8930-0.9390), and the sensitivity and specificity were 83.20% and 92.70% respectively. A prediction model based on the white blood cell count, creatine kinase, troponin I and myoglobin could predict the occurrence of intestinal necrosis. The average prediction accuracy was 73.70%, false positive rate was 4.49% (15/334), AUROC was 0.7390 (95% CI, 0.6820-0.7960), and the sensitivity and specificity were 71.70% and 64.70%, respectively.

Combination of age, white blood cell count, creatine kinase, troponin I, myoglobin, C-reactive protein and fibrinogen can be used to predict whether the children with intestinal obstruction need surgical treatment or not. Leukocyte count, creatine kinase, troponin I and myoglobin are closely related to the condition of children with intestinal obstruction and can be used to predict whether intestinal necrosis occurs.

Retrospective Study LEVELS OF EVIDENCE Level I.
Retrospective Study LEVELS OF EVIDENCE Level I.
Assessing quality of life (QoL) after esophageal replacement (ER) for long gap esophageal atresia (LGEA).

All patients after ER for LGEA with gastric pull-up (GPU n = 9) or jejunum interposition (JI n = 14) at the University Medical Center Groningen and Utrecht (1985-2007) were included. QoL was assessed with 1) gastrointestinal-related QoL using the Gastrointestinal Quality of Life Index (GIQLI)), 2) general QoL (Child Health questionnaire CHF87-BREF (children)/World Health Organization questionnaire WHOQOL-BREF (adults)), and 3) health-related QoL (HRQoL) (TNO AZL TACQoL/TAAQoL). Association of morbidity (heartburn, dysphagia, dyspnea on exertion, recurrent cough) and (HR)QoL was evaluated.

Six patients after GPU (75%) and eight patients after JI (57%) responded to the questionnaires (mean age 15.7, SD 5.9, 12 male, two female). Mean gastrointestinal, general and health-related QoL total scores of the patients were comparable to healthy controls. However, young adults reported a worse physical functioning (p = 0.02) but better social functioning compared to peers (p = 0.01). Morbidity was not associated with significant differences in (HR)QoL.

With the current validated QoL most patients after ER with GPU and JI for LGEA have normal generic and disease specific QoL scores. Postoperative morbidity does not seem to influence (HR)QoL.

Prognosis Study.

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