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Genome sequencing has shown strong capabilities in the initial stages of the COVID-19 pandemic such as pathogen identification and virus preliminary tracing. While the rapid acquisition of SARS-CoV-2 genome from clinical specimens is limited by their low nucleic acid load and the complexity of the nucleic acid background. To address this issue, we modified and evaluated an approach by utilizing SARS-CoV-2-specific amplicon amplification and Oxford Nanopore PromethION platform. This workflow started with the throat swab of the COVID-19 patient, combined reverse transcript PCR, and multi-amplification in one-step to shorten the experiment time, then can quickly and steadily obtain high-quality SARS-CoV-2 genome within 24 h. A comprehensive evaluation of the method was conducted in 42 samples the sequencing quality of the method was correlated well with the viral load of the samples; high-quality SARS-CoV-2 genome could be obtained stably in the samples with Ct value up to 39.14; data yielding for different Ct values were assessed and the recommended sequencing time was 8 h for samples with Ct value of less than 20; variation analysis indicated that the method can detect the existing and emerging genomic mutations as well; Illumina sequencing verified that ultra-deep sequencing can greatly improve the single read error rate of Nanopore sequencing, making it as low as 0.4/10,000 bp. In summary, high-quality SARS-CoV-2 genome can be acquired by utilizing the amplicon amplification and it is an effective method in accelerating the acquisition of genetic resources and tracking the genome diversity of SARS-CoV-2.Exposure to sublethal concentrations can have adverse effects on certain individuals, but, can also favor survival and reproduction of others. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of exposing Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura, 1931) (Diptera Drosophilidae) adults to LC50 of spinetoram and lambda-cyhalothrin and field rate of thiamethoxam on their mating, reproductive output and longevity. The LC50 for lambda-cyhalothrin and for spinetoram were 7.83 and 32.91 ng a.i./cm2, respectively. Thiamethoxam, in the concentrations tested, was not toxic to D. suzukii, therefore, we use the recommended concentration for strawberry, 231.25 ng a.i./cm2, in the sublethal tests. Insects exposed to LC50 of lambda-cyhalothrin were more likely to mate, but presented shorter copula. Sublethal exposure to thiamethoxam lead to an increase in total fecundity. Among the insecticides tested, spinetoram presented the least expressive effects. Longevity was not affected by any of the tested insecticides. Results presented in this study are relevant to D. suzukii management since the stimulatory effects shown on this pest species can collaborate to outbreaks and insecticide resistance.Real-time biomonitoring using microbial fuel cell (MFC) based biosensors have been demonstrated in several laboratory studies, but field validation is lacking. This study describes the long-term performance of an MFC based biosensor developed for real-time monitoring of changes in the water quality of a metal-contaminated stream. After a startup in the laboratory, biosensors were deployed in a stream close to an active mining complex in Sudbury, ON, Canada. Three sites within the stream were selected for biosensors installation based on their positions relative to the mining complex discharge points - upstream (lowest heavy metals concentration), midpoint and downstream. The biosensors installed at these sites were able to detect, in real-time, temporal changes in the water quality over a 2-month period. The biosensor response was confirmed by the results of a conventional toxicity assay (48-h acute Daphnia magna) as well as analytical measurements of heavy metals concentration in the stream. We conclude that the biosensor could detect changes in the overall water quality of the stream despite the uncontrolled situations typical for field operations as compared to laboratory conditions. To further explain the results observed during the field test, the rapid Microtox bioassay and D. magna assay were used to investigate the possible contributions of the two dominant mining metals (Nickel and Copper) to water toxicity in the test area.Dinoflagellate blooms currently caused serious environmental problems in different areas of the world. Recent studies revealed close relationship between dinoflagellate blooms and microbial community dynamics, while less attention has been paid on the bacterial culturability change associated with the bloom. Here, we investigated the temporal variation of microbial community composition and culturability during the decline stage of an Akashiwo sanguinea bloom occurred in Shenzhen, China. The daily microbial community phylogenetic structures in water samples collected during a four-day period after the bloom peak were assessed through 16S rRNA gene amplicons sequencing on the MiSeq (Illumina) platform. The environmental parameters, Chlorophyll a concentrations, and total viable and culturable bacterial densities were also measured. Our results showed that Gamma-proteobacteria comprising mostly of Pseudoalteromonadaceae and Vibrionaceae was the predominant microbial class in the post-bloom samples, except for the second day. During that day, the represented groups switched to Alpha-proteobacteria (Rhizobiales) and Beta-proteobacteria (Comamonadaceae), with the microbial culturability decreased. Total viable bacterial densities reached the maximum value on the third day, with Gamma-proteobacteria regained the dominance till the fourth day. The dramatic microbial community succession and culturability variation observed in this study indicated the complication of algae-bacteria interactions during dinoflagellate bloom.Significant changes in composition of rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss blood cells types were induced after 4-days exposure with mixture of Cu2+ and Zn2+ at 0.25, 0.125 and 0.06 parts of LC50 in comparison to control group. The highest concentration of metal mixture (0.25 of LC50) significantly induced elevation of the number of monocytes and poly-segmented neutrophils. MGX Treatment with 0.125 parts of LC50 concentration increased the number of thrombocytes, monocytes and non-segmented neutrophils. The most diluted mixture resulted in significant induction of thrombocytes, monocytes, non- and poly segmented neutrophils. Analysis of leucocyte cell types in the O. mykiss blood samples after 4-days of exposure at all applied mixture parts showed signs of monocytosis and neutrophilia. Comparison of different types of leucocytes' percentages (leukogram) in fish after 4-days exposure to metal mixture and after 4, 8, and 12-days recovery periods showed that, values of neutrophils even after the 12-days recovery period at all tested parts of LC50, and monocytes after exposure with the highest (0.25) used part of LC50 were not restored to control group levels. Depuration and recovery processes in treated fish are concentration and recovery period dependent.The effects of copper (Cu) toxicity on the growth, pigments, protein, carbohydrate, lipid and antioxidant enzyme activities of two endemic microalgae, Chaetoceros calcitrans and Nitzchia closterium from Cochin estuary were studied and compared. The 96 h median inhibition concentration (IC50) of Cu for C. calcitrans was 143.8 µg L-1 and that for N. closterium was 204.5 µg L-1. No observable effect concentration (NOEC), lowest observable effect concentration (LOEC) and chronic value of Cu on C. calcitrans were 17.93 µg L-1, 31.91 µg L-1and 24.92 µg L-1 respectively, whereas that for N. closterium were 18.35 µg L-1, 36.04 µg L-1 and 27.2 µg L-1 respectively. Chlorophyll a and c showed significant variation from the control at NOEC in both species. Carotenoid content showed significant increase at LOEC. The chlorophyll a/c ratio significantly decreased at NOEC and LOEC of N. closterium. In N. closterium catalase (CAT) activity showed significant increase at NOEC and LOEC, but in C. calcitrans it varied significantly above LOEC. Protein content showed a significant decrease at NOEC of C. calcitrans. No significant variation was observed for N. closterium. Carbohydrate showed significant variation between the species at NOEC. Lipid content varied significantly at NOEC of C. calcitrans. Chaetoceros calcitrans was observed to be more sensitive to copper toxicity than N. closterium. The metal stress tolerance mechanism of N. closterium and its bioremediation capacity can be established in further studies. This study also provides an insight on the biochemical changes that happened at NOEC.To assess the impacts of sulfur (S) and molybdenum (Mo) fertilization on antioxidant capacity of grazing Nanjiang brown goat in copper (Cu)-polluted meadow, and explore the control methods of Cu pollution in natural pasture, fertilizer treatments and grazing experiments were carried out in Garzê Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture of the Western Sichuan Plateau, Sichuan Province, Southwest China. 24 hm2 Cu-polluted meadows were fenced and randomly divided into four groups (3 replications/group, 2 hm2/replication) (1) control group, no fertilizer; (2) treatment groups, applied 1 kg Mo+40 kg S, 2 kg Mo+80 kg S, and 3 kg Mo+120 kg S per hectare for group I, group II, and group III, respectively. Seventy-two healthy Nanjiang brown goats (1 year old, 30.9 ± 1.1 kg) were randomly divided into 4 groups (3 replications/group, 6 goats/replication) and assigned to the tested pastures. The grazing experiment lasted for 60 days. The results showed that the contents of N, S, Mn, Zn, and Mo in herbage in fertilized pastures were higher than those in control group (P 0.05). The levels of Hb, RBC, and PCV in blood in the treatment goats and the activities of SOD, GSH-Px, T-AOC, CAT, and Cp in serum were higher than those in control goats (P less then 0.01). The contents of MDA in the treatment goats were lower than those in control animals (P less then 0.01). The contents of serum Cu and Mo, and liver Cu in group III were lower than those in group I and group II (P less then 0.01). Taken together, the combinations of S and Mo fertilization did not influence the mineral contents in herbage, serum, and liver, but reduced the toxicity of Cu in Cu-polluted grassland and improved antioxidant capacity in grazing Nanjiang brown goat from fertilized pastures.Microelements are well recognized as an essential approach in the field of aquaculture nutrition. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate copper (Cu) inclusion (0, 0.5, 1, and 2 mg/kg) on Striped catfish performances. Fish fed the Cu-incorporated diets for 60 days, then their growth behavior, antioxidative capacity, and intestinal and liver histological features were evaluated. The results showed a marked enhancement in Striped catfish's growth behavior fed 1-2 mg/kg of Cu, as shown by the final weight, weight gain, and specific growth rate. The feed and protein efficiency ratios were significantly affected by Cu in a dose-dependent manner. The highest level of Cu was accumulated in the whole body, muscle, liver, and gills of fish fed 2 mg/kg of Cu. The carcass composition of Striped catfish showed higher protein content in groups received 0.5, 1, and 2 mg/kg Cu in a linear and quadratic manner (p=0.001). The ash content was quadratically increased in Striped catfish fed 2 mg/kg Cu (p=0.001). However, no marked effects were observed on the moisture and lipid contents and the somatic indices (p>0.
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