Notes

Anti-PF4 VITT antibodies are usually oligoclonal and also variably inhibited by simply heparin.
of Correction of Metabolic Acidosis in Critically Ill Patients. Indian J Crit Care Med 2020;24(7)539-543.
Rawat N, Sahni N, Yaddanapudi L. Comparison of Commercially Available Balanced Salt Solution and Ringer's Lactate on Extent of Correction of Metabolic Acidosis in Critically Ill Patients. Indian J Crit Care Med 2020;24(7)539-543.
The aims of this study were to evaluate changes in health-related quality of life (HRQoL) before ICU admission and after ICU discharge in elderly patients and to determine predictors of this HRQoL.

This prospective study has been realized in the medical ICU (August 2012-March 2013). All patients 65 years of age or older who were hospitalized for ≥48 hours in our medical ICU have been included. The HRQoL was assessed 1 month prior to ICU admission in all the patients at admission and 3 months after ICU discharge for survivors using the Arabic version of MOS SF-36 questionnaire.

We enrolled 118 patients (66 M 55.9% and 52 F 44.1%). The mean age was 72 ± 6 years. ICU mortality rate was 47.5% and three-month mortality rate was 55.1%. The reliability and validity of MOS SF-36 were satisfactory. Among the 53 survivors at follow-up, the subscales of MOS SF-36 decreased significantly at 3 months after ICU stay except the "Bodily Pain". The physical component score (PCS) and mental component score (MCS) decreaseEvaluated by MOS SF-36 in the Elderly Patients 1 Month before ICU Admission and 3 Months after ICU Discharge. Indian J Crit Care Med 2020;24(7)531-538.
Central venous catheterization is a vital procedure for volume resuscitation, infusion of drugs, and for central venous pressure monitoring in the perioperative period and intensive care unit (ICU). It is associated with position-related complications like arrhythmia's, thrombosis, tamponade, etc. Several methods are used to calculate the catheter insertion depth so as to prevent these position-related complications.

To compare Peres' formula and radiological landmark formula for central venous catheter insertion depth through right internal jugular vein (IJV) by the anterior approach.

A total of 102 patients posted for elective cardiac surgery were selected and divided into two equal groups-Peres' group (group P) and radiological landmark group (group R). Central venous catheterization of right IJV was done under ultrasound (USG) guidance. In group P, central venous catheter insertion depth was calculated as height (cm)/10. In group R, central venous catheter insertion depth was calculated by adding thdian J Crit Care Med 2020; 24(7)527-530.
Tracheostomy is among the common procedures performed in the intensive care unit (ICU), with percutaneous dilatational tracheostomy (PDT) being the preferred technique. We sought to understand the current practice of tracheostomy in Indian ICUs.

A pan-India multicenter prospective observational study, endorsed and peer-reviewed by the Indian Society of Critical Care Medicine (ISCCM), on various aspects of tracheostomy performed in critically ill patients was conducted between September 1, 2019 and December 31, 2019. The SPSS software was used for the statistical analysis. Cross tables were generated and the chi-square test was used for testing of association. The
value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Out of 67 ICUs that participated, 88.1% were from private sector hospitals. A total of 923 tracheostomies were performed during the study period; out of which, 666 were PDT and 257 were surgical tracheostomy (ST). Coagulopathic patients received more platelet transfusion [
= 0.037 wtional tracheostomy, especially the single dilator technique, is preferred by clinicians in Indian ICUs. The incidence of minor complications like hemorrhagic episodes is lower with PDT. Percutaneous dilatational tracheostomy was found to be cheaper on cost per patient basis as compared to ST (with or without complications).

Gupta S, Tomar DS, Dixit S, Zirpe K, Choudhry D, Govil D,
. Dilatational Percutaneous vs Surgical TracheoStomy in IntEnsive Care UniT A Practice Pattern Observational Multicenter Study (DISSECT). Indian J Crit Care Med 2020;24(7)514-526.
Gupta S, Tomar DS, Dixit S, Zirpe K, Choudhry D, Govil D, et al. Dilatational Percutaneous vs Surgical TracheoStomy in IntEnsive Care UniT A Practice Pattern Observational Multicenter Study (DISSECT). Indian J Crit Care Med 2020;24(7)514-526.
The novel coronavirus, named SARS-CoV-2, was first described in December 2019 as a cluster of pneumonia cases in Wuhan, China. It has since been declared a pandemic, with substantial mortality.

In our case series, we describe the clinical presentation, characteristics, and outcomes of our initial experience of managing 24 critically ill COVID-19 patients at a designated COVID-19 ICU in Western India.

Median age of the patients was 54 years, and 58% were males. All patients presented with moderate to severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS); however, only 37.5% failed trials of awake proning and required mechanical ventilation. Patients who received mechanical ventilation typically matched the H-phenotype of COVID-19 pneumonia, and 55.5% of these patients were successfully extubated.

The most common reason for ICU admission in our series of 24 patients with severe COVID-19 was hypoxemic respiratory failure, which responded well to conservative measures such as awake proning and oxygen supplementation. Mortality in our case series was 16.7%.

Shukla U, Chavali S, Mukta P, Mapari A, Vyas A. Initial Experience of Critically Ill Patients with COVID-19 in Western India A Case Series. Indian J Crit Care Med 2020;24(7)509-513.
Shukla U, Chavali S, Mukta P, Mapari A, Vyas A. Initial Experience of Critically Ill Patients with COVID-19 in Western India A Case Series. Indian J Crit Care Med 2020;24(7)509-513.The COVID-19 pandemic has infiltrated all over our lives in every aspect and led to complete lockdown in almost every country and affected millions of people. It has overwhelmed the healthcare systems even of the most developed nations and this could be our future as well if situation is not controlled. We might fall short of ICU beds, ventilators, and trained manpower. Having understood that, many companies or even individuals have started to produce new and innovative kind of ventilators which prima facie are not at par with the standard ICU ventilators. Such ventilators, if approved for use in COVID-19 acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), may not be of much use and rather cause harm. This commentary shall deal with the basics of COVID-19 ARDS, basics of an ICU ventilator, innovative low-cost ventilators, and the stark differences between the two and why their use may not be appropriate in the condition of our concern.
Malani AS. Cosmetic Ventilators (Co-V) for COVID-19. Indian J Crit Care Med 2020;24(7)506-508.
Malani AS. Cosmetic Ventilators (Co-V) for COVID-19. Indian J Crit Care Med 2020;24(7)506-508.How to cite this article Gupta S, Govil D. Prone for COVID Are You Awake? Indian J Crit Care Med 2020;24(7)504-505.How to cite this article Venkataraman R. Bundling Out Catheter-associated Urinary Tract Infection. Indian J Crit Care Med 2020;24(7)502-503.How to cite this article Todi S, Choudhuri R. Critical Care Research in Elderly Population An Uncharted Territory. Indian J Crit Care Med 2020;24(7)500-501.How to cite this article Bhalla A. Can We Place Central Venous Catheter Safely in Intensive Care Units? Indian J Crit Care Med 2020;24(7)498-499.How to cite this article Kulkarni AP. Deconstructing DISSECT-Percutaneous Tracheostomy in India. Indian J Crit Care Med 2020;24(7)496-497.Editor's Note this Article has been retracted; the Retraction Note is available at https//www.nature.com/articles/s41598-020-72522-x.The stink bug Nezara viridula is one of the most threatening pests for agriculture in North and South America, and its oral secretion may be responsible for the damage it causes in soybean (Glycine max) crop. The high level of injury to seeds caused by pentatomids is related to their feeding behavior, morphology of mouth parts, and saliva, though information on the specific composition of the oral secretion is scarce. Field studies were conducted to evaluate the biochemical damage produced by herbivory to developing soybean seeds. We measured metabolites and proteins to profile the insect saliva in order to understand the dynamics of soybean-herbivore interactions. We describe the mouth parts of N. viridula and the presence of metabolites, proteins and active enzymes in the watery saliva that could be involved in seed cell wall modification, thus triggering plant defenses against herbivory. We did not detect proteins from bacteria, yeasts, or soybean in the oral secretion after feeding. These results suggest that the digestive activity and organic compounds of watery saliva may elicit a plant self-protection response. This study adds to our understanding of stink bug saliva plasticity and its role in the struggle against soybean defenses.Although microbes influence plant growth, little is known about the impact of microbial diversity on plant fitness trade-offs, intraspecific-interactions, and soil nutrient dynamics in the context of biodiversity-ecosystem functioning (BEF) research. The BEF theory states that higher species richness can enhance ecosystem functioning. Thus, we hypothesize that rhizobacterial species richness will alter sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) growth, soil nutrient dynamics and interactions (antagonism or synergism) in a nutrient-poor greenhouse soil. MDL-28170 research buy Using six rhizobacterial species in a BEF experiment, we tested the impact of a species richness gradient (0, 1, 3, 5 or 6 species per community) on plant growth, nutrient assimilation, and soil nutrient dynamics via seed-inoculation. Our experiment included, one un-inoculated control, six rhizobacterial monoculture (Pseudomonas poae, Pseudomonas sp., Bacillus pumilus., Pantoea agglomerance., Microbacterium sp., and Serratia marcescens), and their nine mixture treatments in triplicate (48). Rhizobacterial species richness enhanced per pot above- or below-ground dry mass. However, the per plant growth and plant nutrient assimilation declined, most likely, due to microbial-driven competitive interactions among sorghum plants. But nevertheless, some rhizobacterial monoculture and mixture treatments improved per plant (shoot and root) growth and nutrient assimilation as well. Soil nutrient contents were mostly lower at higher plant-associated rhizobacterial diversity; among these, the soil Zn contents decreased significantly across the rhizobacterial diversity gradient. Rhizobacterial diversity promoted synergistic interactions among soil nutrients and improved root-soil interactions. Overall, our results suggest that a higher rhizobacterial diversity may enhance soil-plant interactions and total productivity under resource limited conditions.Oculocutaneous Albinism type 2 (OCA2) is a gene of great interest because of genetic variation affecting normal pigmentation variation in humans. The diverse geographic patterns for variant frequencies at OCA2 have been evident but have not been systematically investigated, especially outside of Europe. Here we examine population genetic variation in and near the OCA2 gene from a worldwide perspective. The very different patterns of genetic variation found across world regions suggest strong selection effects may have been at work over time. For example, analyses involving the variants that affect pigmentation of the iris argue that the derived allele of the rs1800407 single nucleotide polymorphism, which produces a hypomorphic protein, may have contributed to the previously demonstrated positive selection in Europe for the enhancer variant responsible for light eye color. More study is needed on the relationships of the genetic variation at OCA2 to variation in pigmentation in areas beyond Europe.
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