Notes

Latest Advancements within Mesoporous This mineral Nanoparticles with regard to Growth Theranostic Software.
The oral signs are caused by a number of factors, including nutritional deficiencies and consequent metabolic changes, poor personal hygiene, altered eating habits and pharmacological therapies. There is a very specific link between oral manifestations and ED in the presence of self-induced vomiting.

The paediatric dentist may be the first professional to detect the clinical signs thus improving the interception, early diagnosis, characterisation and prognosis of ED. In addition, the oral manifestations of ED can cause alterations of the oral function, discomfort, oral pain, and worsen aesthetics of the face and the quality of life.
The paediatric dentist may be the first professional to detect the clinical signs thus improving the interception, early diagnosis, characterisation and prognosis of ED. In addition, the oral manifestations of ED can cause alterations of the oral function, discomfort, oral pain, and worsen aesthetics of the face and the quality of life.
The aim of this paper is to illustrate a new concept for approaching maxillary expansion in paediatric orthodontics with a metal-free fixed automatic appliance in special-needs patients.

The ZeroExpander is a complete CAD-CAT full digital and automatic metal-free fixed device. It is designed to expand the maxilla in a pre-programmed automatic way using deciduous teeth as anchorage. Two cases of growing patients with a narrow upper arch are illustrated to present this innovative system, one in complete deciduous dentition and the second in mixed dentition. Both patients were successfully treated with palatal expansion. In the first case we present the use of PEEK, and in the second one the use of PA12.

The ZeroExpander, fabricated using metal-free technopolymers and anchored on deciduous teeth, proved to be comfortable and efficient in treating palatal transverse deficiency, without the need of any compliance, even in young patients who must periodically undergo MRI.
The ZeroExpander, fabricated using metal-free technopolymers and anchored on deciduous teeth, proved to be comfortable and efficient in treating palatal transverse deficiency, without the need of any compliance, even in young patients who must periodically undergo MRI.
This study was purposed to evaluate release of nickel and chromium ions and methyl methacrylate (MMA) monomers from functional appliances and their possible health effects.

Study design Twin-block appliances and Bionators were immersed in artificial saliva and kept in a thermal incubator. Control group was established as artificial saliva without appliances. Artificial saliva was analysed after 7 days, 30 days and 90 days. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was used for detection of nickel and chromium ions and MMA monomers. MTT assays and cytokine array were performed.

One way ANOVA with Tukey test and Dunnett's T3 for post-hoc analysis was used for evaluation of time-dependent changes and independent t-test was used for evaluation of MTT assay results.

The results revealed that metal ions and MMA monomers are released from the appliances. Metal ion detection pattern was irregular and could not be analysed. Twin-block group showed significantly larger amount of MMA release. MTT assay revealed statistically significant but minimally reduced cellular activity on Bionator and twin-block groups compared to control groups. Cytokine array showed no or less inflammatory cytokine release on Bionator and twin-block groups.

MMA monomer release was confirmed but the cytotoxic effect of functional appliance material release is minimal or negligible. General toxicity of the functional appliance from the MMA monomer release is likely to be minimal or negligible.
MMA monomer release was confirmed but the cytotoxic effect of functional appliance material release is minimal or negligible. General toxicity of the functional appliance from the MMA monomer release is likely to be minimal or negligible.
The present systematic review aims to summarise the relevant randomised clinical trials and estimate the efficacy of interceptive orthodontic intervention, in particular if an interceptive treatment with rapid maxillary expansion could be successful in managing of palatally displaced canines (PDCs).

A search strategy was developed on electronic databases including Medline, Web of Science, Scopus and Cochrane Collaboration Trial from 1925 to 2019. Two reviewers independently reviewed the sources deciding for a full reading according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Methodological quality criteria were applied to the selected articles.

Three randomised clinical trials (RCTs) and one prospective longitudinal study were included in the systematic review. Generally, the intervention groups showed a higher incidence of successful eruption of PDCs (45.1% - 65.7%) compared with the control groups (13.1% - 13.6%).

Based on the literature published, authors reached a reasonable conclusion that rapid maxillary expansion can facilitate the eruption of PDCs. Authors suggest to associate maxillary expansion with deciduous canine extraction or prevention of mesial movement of the upper first molars.
Based on the literature published, authors reached a reasonable conclusion that rapid maxillary expansion can facilitate the eruption of PDCs. Authors suggest to associate maxillary expansion with deciduous canine extraction or prevention of mesial movement of the upper first molars.
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) contribute to remodeling in orthodontic tooth movement (OTM). Moreover, IL-17 can promote the production of MMPs. This study aimed to investigate the regulation of Th17 on MMPs expression during OTM.

Eighteen children undergoing orthodontic treatment were recruited. The gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) was collected at different time points the day of application (T0), one hour (T1), 24 hours (T2), one week (T3), 4 weeks (T4) and 12 weeks (T5) after the application of orthodontic force. Th17 cell-related cytokines and MMPs expression were measured in GCF by Multiplex Luminex analyser. Human periodontal ligament (hPDL) tissues were stimulated by IL-17.

The levels of IL-17 and MMPs (MMP-1, MMP-2, MMP-3, MMP-8, MMP-9 and MMP-13) of the study teeth at T2-T4 were significantly up-regulated compared with that of T0 and T1 and decreased to baseline level at T5. We found that the expression of IL-17 was correlated with MMPs. After rhIL-17 treatment, the expression of MMP-1, MMP-2, and MMP-9 were up-regulated significantly. The IL-17 expression was positively correlated with MMPs.

IL-17 promotes the expression of MMP-1, MMP-2, and MMP-9 by hPDL cells, suggesting that IL-17 plays a crucial role in the remodeling during OTM.
IL-17 promotes the expression of MMP-1, MMP-2, and MMP-9 by hPDL cells, suggesting that IL-17 plays a crucial role in the remodeling during OTM.
This prospective non-randomised case-control study analysed lip muscle activity after Lip Bumper (LB) treatment thought surface electromyography.

The study group was composed of 40 young patients with a mean age of 10 years and 1 month, treated with LB in the lower arch, while 40 children who did not undergo any treatment, matched for sex and age with the previous sample, constituted the control group. Measurements were performed at the beginning and after 1 year for both groups. Electromyographic recordings were obtained in rest position and during the swallowing of 50 ml of water.

In the study group, after 1 year of LB treatment, a statistically significant decrease in values was found; specifically, in upper lip muscle activities at rest position with the appliance in situ (p <0.002) and both with (p <0.001) and without (p <0.001) the appliance for the lower lip.

One year of LB treatment significantly reduced lip muscle activities at both rest position and during swallowing compared with the untreated sample. These results indicated a potential short-term of upper and lower lip muscle adaptation to the new balance induced by LB treatment.
One year of LB treatment significantly reduced lip muscle activities at both rest position and during swallowing compared with the untreated sample. These results indicated a potential short-term of upper and lower lip muscle adaptation to the new balance induced by LB treatment.
The aim of this study was to evaluate maxillary arch changes in patients treated with Invisalign® First system in the mixed dentition, focusing on arch width, arch perimeter, arch depth, molar inclination and alveolar expansion.

A retrospective study was carried out. SMI-4a research buy The sample consisted of 20 patients, 12 females and 8 males, treated with clear aligners for maxillary expansion. Arch widths, arch perimeter, arch depth and molar inclination were measured on pre-treatment and post-treatment digital dental models. Superimposition of digital models was performed to evaluate alveolar expansion.

There were significant increases in all measurements regarding arch width and arch perimeter, while arch depth and molar inclination significantly decreased. Alveolar expansion was recorded at all the reference points considered. Shapiro-Wilk test was used to check normal distribution. Average and standard deviations were calculated for all measurements. Paired t-test was run to report significant changes between T0 and T1. The statistical significance was set at p<0.05. Intraclass correlation coefficient was used to assess reliability.

In case of mild crowding or limited transverse maxillary deficiency, Invisalign® First clear aligners could be a reasonable alternative to traditional slow maxillary expanders.
In case of mild crowding or limited transverse maxillary deficiency, Invisalign® First clear aligners could be a reasonable alternative to traditional slow maxillary expanders.
To evaluate the dentoskeletal effects of the Invisalign® Mandibular Advancement (MA) (Align Technology, San José, CA, USA) feature in skeletal Class II growing patients with mandibular retrusion, at pre-pubertal and pubertal stages.

Study design Forty skeletal Class II patients were prospectively recruited and treated with Invisalign® MA. They were divided into two subgroups according to the CVM stage of growth (CVM2 and CVM3) at the beginning of treatment (T0). For each patient, lateral radiographs were collected at the beginning (T0) and at the end of the mandibular advancement treatment (T1) and their measurements were compared with those obtained by an untreated control group of 32 subjects, matched for growth stage and malocclusion.

Patients in CVM2 showed significant reduction of ANB angle, APo, Wits index, 11^Spp angle and significant increase of 11^41 and B Downs point. In CVM3 significant reduction of the Wits index and of 41^GoGn angle, and significant increase of the linear Co-Gn measurement, were revealed.

The STROBE guidelines were followed. Linear regression analysis was performed to estimate the differences of ? (T1 - T0) means between group (control was used as reference) stratifying by CVM levels.

The use of Invisalign® MA is effective in treating Class II growing patient with retrognathic mandible in the short term period. While treatment at prepubertal stage of growth results in dentoalveolar rather than skeletal effects, treatment during the pubertal spurt produces skeletal effects with an annual rate of change of 5.8 mm.
The use of Invisalign® MA is effective in treating Class II growing patient with retrognathic mandible in the short term period. While treatment at prepubertal stage of growth results in dentoalveolar rather than skeletal effects, treatment during the pubertal spurt produces skeletal effects with an annual rate of change of 5.8 mm.
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