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80 ± 0.59) was significantly lower than that in glioblastoma (mean ± SD = 2.75 ± 0.84) (P < 0.001). FDG T/N ratio in PCNSL (mean ± SD = 3.01 ± 1.11) was significantly higher than that in glioblastoma (mean ± SD = 1.77 ± 0.79) (P < 0.001). For discrimination of patients with PCNSL from glioblastoma, the AUC values for the FMISO T/N ratio, FDG T/N ratio and combination of the two parameters were 0.833, 0.825 and 0.900, respectively.

FMISO PET is as helpful for differentiating PCNSL from glioblastoma as FDG PET.
FMISO PET is as helpful for differentiating PCNSL from glioblastoma as FDG PET.
This study explored the utility of oral vitamin C in reducing radiation accumulation in the salivary glands during total-body dynamic PET/computed tomography (CT) imaging with 68Ga labeled Prostate-specific membrane antigen (68Ga-PSMA-11).

We enrolled 31 patients who underwent total-body dynamic PET/CT imaging with 68Ga-PSMA-11, of which 11 were given oral vitamin C 30 min after starting the dynamic PET acquisition, whereas the others did not. The volume of interest was automatically segmented on the parotid and submandibular salivary glands once the PET acquisition was completed. The standard uptake value (SUV)mean and its slope during 30-60 min of the acquisition were compared between the trial and control groups.

The SUVmean of the left and right parotid and submandibular glands in the trial group were 15.37 ± 3.07, 15.03 ± 2.64, 14.92 ± 4.38 and 15.38 ± 4.18, respectively. The respective values of the control group were 19.37 ± 3.82, 20.08 ± 3.55, 22.61 ± 5.62 and 22.73 ± 5.90. The SUVmean slope during 30-60 min of acquisition for the left and right parotid and submandibular glands in the trial group were 0.63 ± 0.13, 0.64 ± 0.14, 0.56 ± 0.25 and 0.62 ± 0.26, respectively. The respective values of the control group were 0.84 ± 0.21, 0.84 ± 0.17, 1.01 ± 0.34 and 1.02 ± 0.37.

Oral vitamin C could reduce the accumulation of radiation in the salivary glands during 68Ga-PSMA-11 total-body dynamic PET/CT imaging.
Oral vitamin C could reduce the accumulation of radiation in the salivary glands during 68Ga-PSMA-11 total-body dynamic PET/CT imaging.
To develop an 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose PET/computed tomography (CT) scoring model based on metabolic and radiologic findings of the pleura and fluid to identify malignant pleural effusion.

The PET and CT findings from patients with pleural effusion in the derivation dataset were used to develop a scoring model. Then, the diagnostic accuracy of the predictive score was verified by the validation dataset.

Eight parameters independently predicting malignancy were retained in the scoring model, including pleural nodules or masses (4 points), focal pleural thickening (2 points), absence of pleural loculation (2 points), thickness of mediastinal pleura involvement ≥0.5 cm (2 points), maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) of mediastinal pleura involvement ≥2.3 (2 points), thickness of nonmediastinal pleura involvement ≥0.5 cm (1 point), SUVmax of nonmediastinal pleura involvement ≥3.0 (1 point) and fluid SUVmax ≥1.6 (1 point). The operating characteristics of the PET/CT score were 0.958 area under the curve (AUC), 88.6% sensitivity, 91.2% specificity, 10.09 positive likelihood ratio and 0.13 negative likelihood ratio, with 6 points as the threshold. These values in the validation dataset were 0.947, 91.7%, 88.4%, 7.91 and 0.094, respectively. No difference was found in AUCs between the derivation and validation datasets (z = 0.517, P = 0.697). The negative predictive value was 99.4% in the score from 0 to 2, and the positive predictive value was 98.3% for patients with score between 9 and 15.

The PET/CT scoring model is a valuable strategy to help physicians to distinguish malignant-benign pleural effusion and stratify patients who will benefit from invasive procedures.
The PET/CT scoring model is a valuable strategy to help physicians to distinguish malignant-benign pleural effusion and stratify patients who will benefit from invasive procedures.
Recently, a new Bayesian penalty likelihood (BPL) reconstruction algorithm has been applied in PET, which is expected to provide better image resolution than the widely used ordered subset expectation maximization (OSEM). The purpose of this study is to compare the differences between these two algorithms in terms of image quality and effects on clinical diagnostics and quantification of lymphoma.

A total of 246 FDG-positive lesions in 70 patients with lymphoma were retrospectively analyzed by using BPL and OSEM + time-of-flight + point spread function algorithms. Visual analysis was used to evaluate the effects of different reconstruction algorithms on clinical image quality and diagnostic certainty. Quantitative analysis was used to compare the differences between pathology and lesion size.

There were significant differences in lesion-related SUVmax, total-lesion-glycolysis (TLG), and signal-to-background ratio (SBR) (P < 0.01). The variation Δ SUVmax% and Δ SBR% caused by the two reconstruction almax increased and SBR was significantly improved, which may better assist in the diagnosis of small lesions of lymphoma.
BPL reconstruction algorithm could effectively improve clinical image quality and diagnostic certainty. In quantitative analysis, there were no significant differences among different pathological groups, but there were significant diversities in lesion sizes. Especially for small lesions, lesion SUVmax increased and SBR was significantly improved, which may better assist in the diagnosis of small lesions of lymphoma.The relapsed and refractory acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients receiving traditional chemotherapies have poor survival rate. Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-modified T cells have demonstrated remarkable effectiveness against some malignancies. However, most of CAR-Ts targeting the candidate proteins on AML cells induce hematopoietic cell suppression. Because of extensive heterogeneity among different types of AML, it is essential to expand the choice of target antigen for the CAR-T treatment of AML. CD64 (FcγRI) is a transmembrane protein with broad expression on various types of AML cells, especially monocytic AML cells, but it is absent on hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and most of nonmonocytes. Here, we found that some types of AML patients showed the homogeneous high-level expression of CD64. So, we created a CAR-T targeting CD64 (64bbz) and further verified its high efficiency for eradicating CD64+AML cells. In addition, 64bbz showed no cytotoxicity to HSCs. see more Overall, we developed a new treatment option for AML by using CD64 CAR-T cells while avoiding ablation of HSCs.Allogeneic stem cell transplantation (alloSCT) is the treatment of choice for many patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and myelodysplastic syndrome. The presentation of leukemic or allospecific antigens by malignant blasts is regarded as a crucial trigger for an effective allogeneic immune response. Conversely, insufficient stimulatory capacity by the leukemic blasts is thought to be a relevant escape mechanism from cellular immunotherapy (alloSCT). Our purpose was to test, whether the ability of malignant blasts to differentiate in vitro toward dendritic cells of leukemic origin (DCleu) is associated with clinical outcome. We isolated leukemic blasts from peripheral blood or bone marrow of AML and myelodysplastic syndrome patients before alloSCT (n=47) or at relapse after alloSCT (n=22). A panel of 6 different assays was used to generate DCleu in vitro. Results were correlated with clinical outcome. DCleu could be generated from all 69 samples. Significantly higher mean frequencies of DCleu were found in clinical long-term responders versus nonresponders to SCT (76.8% vs. 58.8%, P=0.006). Vice versa, the chance for response to SCT was significantly higher, if a DCleu+/dendritic cells (DC) ratio of >50% could be reached in vitro (P=0.004). link2 Those patients were characterized by a longer time to relapse (P=0.04) and by a higher probability for leukemia-free survival (P=0.005). In vitro generation of DC and DCleu from leukemic blasts correlated with the clinical outcome. This observation may support a role of leukemic antigen presentation by "leukemia-derived DC" for the stimulation of an allogeneic immune response in AML.
To evaluate the association between the Observational Gait Scale (OGS) and the Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) in walking children with cerebral palsy (CP).

The charts of 512 children with CP GMFCS levels I to IV were reviewed for the OGS score and GMFCS level at their initial visit.

The OGS score decreased with increasing GMFCS levels. The average OGS for GMFCS level I was 13.1 (2.8), level II was 11.3 (2.7), level III was 7.7 (2.7), and level IV was 6.1 (2.0). A significant negative relationship was seen between the OGS and the GMFCS. In particular, each GMFCS level was different across all levels in a pairwise comparison. In addition, multivariate modeling analysis confirmed that the association between the OGS and the GMFCS was still valid, after adjusting for age and gender.

The OGS is a quick tool to rate gait and help confirm a child's GMFCS level.
The OGS is a quick tool to rate gait and help confirm a child's GMFCS level.
Comparing the effect of half-dose photodynamic therapy (PDT) and high-density subthreshold micropulse laser (HSML) treatment on retinal pigment epithelial detachments (PEDs) in chronic central serous chorioretinopathy (cCSC).

This study included data from the PLACE trial, a prospective randomized controlled trial comparing half-dose PDT and HSML treatment in cCSC. Main outcome measurements were changes in both the foveal PED and highest PED within the macula at baseline compared to first and final evaluation visit.

At baseline, a macular PED was detected in 76.9% (123/160) of patients, and a PED within 1500 µm from the foveal center in 37.5% (60/160) of patients. In the half-dose PDT arm (61 patients), there was a significantly larger decrease in the highest macular PED compared to the HSML treatment arm (62 patients), both at first and final evaluation visit (p<0.001 and p=0.012, respectively). The decrease of highest foveal PED was significant at first visit (p=0.025).

Half-dose PDT is superior to HSML treatment with regard to a statistically significant reduction in the height of macular PEDs in active cCSC. These findings may also have implications for other diseases within the pachychoroid disease spectrum that can present with PEDs.
Half-dose PDT is superior to HSML treatment with regard to a statistically significant reduction in the height of macular PEDs in active cCSC. These findings may also have implications for other diseases within the pachychoroid disease spectrum that can present with PEDs.
The purpose of this research was to compare the ability of Scheimpflug and anterior segment optical coherence tomography (OCT) in detecting subclinical corneal edema in patients with Fuchs endothelial corneal dystrophy (FECD) without clinical corneal edema.

In this single-center, consecutive case series, 47 eyes of 29 patients with FECD were analyzed. The main outcome measures were anterior/posterior keratometry and central/thinnest corneal thickness. The criteria for subclinical corneal edema were loss of regular isopachs, displacement of the thinnest point of the cornea, and presence of posterior surface depression. link3 Tomographic analyses were performed using Scheimpflug imaging (Pentacam HR) and OCT (anterior segment swept-source optical coherence tomography).

The measurement of the continuous variables revealed a significant difference between the 2 devices. The anterior curvature was steeper and the posterior curvature was flatter when measured with OCT (P < 0.001). The OCT showed a lower central corneal thickness and thinnest corneal thickness (P < 0.
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