Notes

Standard of living as well as issues within aged patients following pronation revolving sort 3 rearfoot bone injuries addressed with the cast along with early weight-bearing.
5% ± 4.4% vs. 13.0% ± 4.5%, P = 0.24). For all grafts and conformations, there was a significant relationship between relative scroll width and ECL (P < 0.01).

Fluid column manipulation can be used reliably to form double-scroll DMEK grafts. For younger donor grafts, manipulation yields a double scroll without increasing ECL. For older donor grafts, manipulation results in a minimal, acceptable increase in ECL. Surgeons should weigh the advantage of an easily opened graft against the risk of increased ECL when considering this technique.
Fluid column manipulation can be used reliably to form double-scroll DMEK grafts. For younger donor grafts, manipulation yields a double scroll without increasing ECL. For older donor grafts, manipulation results in a minimal, acceptable increase in ECL. Surgeons should weigh the advantage of an easily opened graft against the risk of increased ECL when considering this technique.A frequency selective surface (FSS) is a two-dimensional periodic array structure, in which a common structure is composed of conductive paste and metal film. An ultraviolet (UV) pulse-laser-induced curing of conductive paste towards FSS was used to simultaneously realize the efficient curing of conductive paste and the removal of surplus materials. Through simple defocus control of the UV pulse laser when irradiating the workpiece, this technology was capable of reducing the energy density and increasing the irradiation range, thus preventing the conductive paste from being ablated and achieving efficient curing. In this context, the curing process of UV curable conductive paste was systematically studied through the Ohmic resistance and bonding force of the cured conductive paste. The curing effects of various conductive paste thicknesses and different laser scanning times at a certain laser scanning speed were also analyzed. The results showed that, after a controllable defocusing treatment, the UV pulse laser could effectively solidify the conductive paste and realize the electrical connection of materials on both sides of the pattern. The peel strength of the conductive paste was greater than 7.1 N/cm. However, the pulse laser curing method needs a longer curing time when compared with the continuous UV curing method.We propose a high-performance plasmonic photodetector based on the internal photoemission (IPE) process for the C-band communication wavelength. This photodetector takes advantage of an embedded nanohole array in Schottky metal. Owing to localized surface plasmon resonance, the absorption of the active metal layer increases, which results in the generation of more hot carriers and subsequently compensates for the low efficiency of IPE-based photodetectors. Simulations show that for the proposed photodetector with 2-nm-thick Au, Cu, and Ag Schottky contacts, the absorptance dramatically enhances to 95.1%, 93.2%, and 98.2%, respectively, at the wavelength of 1.55 µm. For the detector based on Au, the highest external quantum efficiency of 25.3% and responsivity of 0.32 A/W are achieved at a reverse bias voltage of 1 V. Furthermore, the 3 dB bandwidth can exceed 369 GHz owing to the low capacitance of the structure and the fast transit time of carriers from the thin p-Si layer. Finally, by studying the current-voltage characteristics of the photodetector, it is shown that under the reverse bias voltage of 1 V, the dark current is 665 nA at room temperature, and by reducing the temperature to 200 K, it improves three orders of magnitude and decreases to 810 pA.In this paper, an improved multiple-image authentication based on optical interference by wavelength multiplexing is proposed, which has high security and easy optical implementation. The Fresnel spectra of original images are diffracted from the same axial position but by different wavelengths, which makes the optical implementation easy and stable without any mechanical translation. Then, the Fresnel spectra are sparsely sampled by predesigned binary amplitude masks and diffracted again, and all spectra are multiplexed into one synthetized spectrum. Finally, the synthetized spectrum is analytically decomposed into one phase-only mask and one amplitude-only mask by an improved interference-based encryption (IBE) scheme. Benefiting from the wavelength multiplexing, the encryption capacity is enlarged, and the optical implementation for decryption becomes easy. With the aid of the sparse sampling, every decrypted image could be entirely unrecognizable but authenticated by nonlinear correlation. NGI-1 mw Moreover, instead of a conventional IBE, an improved IBE is used in this scheme, which can attenuate the information leakage and further enhance the security. Various numerical simulation results are presented to demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of this scheme.Plasmonic nanostructures have attracted wide attention in the past few years for their promising applications such as surface-enhanced spectroscopies, chemical or biosensing, and so on. However, the fabrication of plasmonic nanostructures relies on traditional photolithography methods such as electron beam lithography and focused ion beam lithography, which have inherent shortcomings, such as high fabrication cost and being time-consuming. Here, using the nanosphere lithography approach, we fabricate large-area long-range ordered periodic Au nanohole arrays on an opaque Au substrate. The structure supports spectral-isolation and well-defined plasmonic resonances favorable to spectral monitoring at normal incidence of light. The bulk sensitivity of up to 403 nm/RIU is measured for the plasmon modes. Furthermore, we assess the surface-sensing performance of the system and obtain a near-field decay length of about 240 nm, meaning that it is desirable to detect the biological protein molecules. The suggested plasmonic-sensing platform has broad application prospects in the development of low-cost and high-throughput biosensor chips.We developed a digital optical phase locking loop (OPLL) with three advantages, including high precision of phase locking, high control bandwidth up to 2.8 MHz, and automatic laser locking strategy. Spaceborne laser interferometers will be used to measure tiny displacements caused by gravitational waves in millions of kilometers range. A slave laser will be heterodyne phase locked to the incoming weak light at the end of an arm, emitting a higher power light back to the other satellite to measure pathlength variations at the picometer level. Such accuracy requires extremely precise OPLL. We report an experiment to demonstrate a digital OPLL that can automatically lock two independent free-running NdYAG lasers with residual phase error below 1mrad/Hz above 0.01 Hz, which is the best performance recorded for digital servos, to our knowledge. Such performance tested under a normal laboratory environment will be highly improved in a vacuum environment with temperature and vibration well controlled. Both the digital OPLL and the automatic strategy were implemented on a field programmable gate array that could be potentially used for future gravitational-wave detection. Our experiment might change the thinking of scientists who study phasemeters of gravitational-wave detection because we are aware that the digital phase locking loop used for "optical phase tracking" is differently designed from "optical phase locking."Single-pixel imaging (SPI) is a new technology with many applications and prospects. Polarization detection technology can improve the detection and identification ability of the imaging system. A near-infrared polarization SPI lidar system is designed to realize detection and polarization imaging of outdoor long-range targets. The depth, intensity, linear polarization, and polarization degree images of typical remote targets are obtained. The results show that the polarization image contains many details and contour information of the target, and the intensity image contains brightness and reflectivity information. Intensity and polarization information complement each other. The characteristics of intensity and polarization images at different spatial frequencies are analyzed for the first time, to our knowledge, by taking advantage of the Fourier modulation mode. We found that the proportion of high-frequency information in the polarization image is much higher than that of the intensity image. The sampling strategy of collecting only low-frequency components is applicable in intensity imaging but needs further improvement in polarization imaging. The polarization SPI lidar system can enrich the target information acquired, improve imaging contrast, and have significant application value for target detection and identification in complex backgrounds.The binary defocusing fringe projection profilometry (FPP) technique has demonstrated various advantages for high-speed and high-accuracy three-dimensional (3D) surface measurement. However, higher fringe frequency does not necessarily give better measurements in binary defocusing FPP. To improve the 3D geometry measurement accuracy, this paper proposes an optimal frequency selection approach by analyzing the phase error distribution under different defocusing degrees. The phase error is analyzed theoretically based on the multi-frequency temporal phase unwrapping process, and the associated relationship with fringe frequency, system defocusing degree, noise, and other influencing factors is established. Meanwhile, optimal fringe frequency in a specific system is selected by the theoretical model combined with the validation of simulation experiments. Finally, the measurement accuracy could be effectively enhanced by the generated binary fringe patterns of optimal frequency. Both simulations and experiments verify the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed method.A comfortable and healthy lighting environment cannot only make people comfortable and improve work efficiency, but also avoid visual fatigue caused by the discomfortable lighting environment. In order to solve these problems, this paper proposes an intelligent lighting system that takes natural lighting and the occupancy situation as input and dimming factor K (0 less then K less then 1) as output. The linear function between illuminance of the working surface and natural lighting, the occupancy situation, illuminance components of adjacent luminaires, and dimming factor K is obtained through the control algorithm. The simplex method is one of the most commonly used and effective algorithms for solving linear programming problems, so the optimal dimming factor K of each luminaire is obtained. The intelligent lighting system uses the ZigBee tree network structure to transmit the dimming factor to each lamp, making the office lighting environment reach the target value. Opnet is used as a network simulation software to verify system information, such as delay, throughput, and load. The results show that the network transmission delay is only 0.011 s, and the load and throughput are both above 3.0×104bits/s. As an optical software, DIAlux simulates the lighting environment under the control system in two modes day and night. The results show that the illuminance of the occupied working surface under the system reaches 500l×, and the illuminance of the unoccupied working surface reaches 300l×. The uniformity of illuminance is greater than 0.7. In the day mode, the uniformity of illuminance is improved compared to without any control system. Finally, the energy-saving efficiency of the control system reached 34% and 25% during the day and night, respectively.
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