Notes

Mother's unhealthy weight and despression symptoms described with the 1st antenatal check out.
The finding further showed that the treatment setting (inpatient vs. outpatient) had an additional impact on the participants' perception of and therapeutic behavior toward older patients. Our findings demonstrated that the participants experienced various challenges and particularities when working with older patients. Young psychotherapists who work with older patients should be supported by psychotherapeutic training institutions through supervision and guidance on how to deal with clinical challenges. Furthermore, it can be valuable for young psychotherapists to critically reflect their attitudes toward older adults and personal motives for their therapeutic behavior toward older patients. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).Through in-depth, semistructured interviews with former White supremacists (N = 9), the authors explored how and why former White supremacists left their hate groups, and why some chose to then speak out against their former racist ideologies. Using interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA; Smith et al., 2009), the authors identified nine themes related to the process of leaving one's hate group and becoming an antihate activist. Participants initially left their hate groups because of both painful and encouraging interactions with members of marginalized communities, which led to the disintegration of their White supremacist ideological convictions. Upon exiting, participants navigated threats to their safety, experienced shifts in their social networks, encountered new emotional states, and healed through introspection and connection with others. Finally, participants connected with former White supremacists who had become antihate activists, spoke out publicly against hate, and developed antihate activist identities. The authors offer directions for future research, as well as provide implications for clinical interventions supporting hate group members through their exit processes. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).Based on the social-cognitive theory, this study investigated the dynamic association between counseling trainees' self-efficacy and their clients' outcome (i.e., symptom distress), and the mediating effects of therapist- and client-rated working alliance and session quality. Data set included 1,352 sessions conducted by 87 master's level therapist trainees with their 317 clients in China. Before every session, therapists completed a measure of self-efficacy and clients reported their symptom distress; and after every session, both therapists and clients rated their working alliance and session quality. Results showed that, (a) over the course of therapy, the initial level of therapist self-efficacy did not predict how quickly client symptom declined; (b) the initial level of client distress did not predict how quickly therapist self-efficacy increased; and (c) client distress decline was not related to therapist self-efficacy increase over the course of therapy. However, at the session-to-session level, higher therapist self-efficacy before one session significantly predicted lower client distress before the next session, and higher client distress before one session significantly predicted lower therapist self-efficacy before the subsequent session. Therapist and client perceptions of working alliance were both significant mediators, while their session quality ratings were not. Findings supported the dynamic and reciprocal relationship between therapist self-efficacy and client distress at the immediate session-to-session level rather than the overall trajectory level, and revealed its specific mediating mechanism through the relationship building between therapist and client. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).Nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) typically begins in adolescence and remits by early adulthood, but few prospective studies have investigated the long-term impact of NSSI initiation and cessation on young people's wellbeing. We examined changes in psychosocial risk associated with NSSI onset and offset in an accelerated longitudinal study of 662 adolescents (12-18 years old) who were followed biennially for 10 years. Of the 133 participants who reported NSSI, 100 had stopped engaging in NSSI by the study's end. NSSI initiation was associated with concurrent increases in depression, anxiety, externalizing symptoms, peer victimization, alcohol, tobacco and illicit substance use, and concurrent declines in physical self-concept, parent, and peer support. As NSSI persisted, youth experienced further increases in anxiety and cannabis use, and declines in physical self-concept. NSSI cessation was associated with concurrent increases in alcohol, cannabis, and tobacco use. With sustained cessation, however, youth experienced gradual improvements in depression, anxiety, externalizing symptoms, peer victimization, as well as gradual reductions in alcohol and tobacco use. By early adulthood, participants who reported ongoing NSSI worked fewer hours and were more likely to delay medical treatment for financial reasons versus those without NSSI histories, and reported less environmental mastery versus those who had discontinued NSSI. Youth who had discontinued NSSI, in turn, reported less environmental mastery and self-acceptance versus youth who never engaged in NSSI. These results contextualize NSSI cessation alongside indicators of psychological, social, and behavioral wellbeing, and underscore the persistence of psychosocial vulnerability after NSSI has resolved. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).Prior studies sought to explain the predisposition to suicidal behavior in terms of myopic preference for immediate versus delayed reward, generating mixed evidence. Data from gambling and bandit tasks, however, suggest that suboptimal decisions in suicidal individuals are explained by inconsistent valuation rather than myopic preferences. We tested these two alternative hypotheses using a delay discounting task in 622 adults (suicide attempters with depression, suicide ideators with depression, nonsuicidal participants with depression, and healthy controls) recruited across three sites through inpatient psychiatric units, mood disorders clinics, primary care, and advertisements. Multilevel models revealed group differences in valuation consistencies in all three samples, with high-lethality suicide attempters exhibiting less consistent valuation than all other groups in Samples 1 and 3 and less consistent valuation than the healthy controls or participants with depression in Sample 2. In contrast, group differences in preference for immediate versus delayed reward were observed only in Sample 1 and were due to the high-lethality suicide attempters displaying a weaker preference for immediate reward than low-lethality suicide attempters. The findings were robust to confounds such as cognitive functioning and comorbidities. Seemingly impulsive choices in suicidal behavior are explained by inconsistent reward valuation rather than a true preference for immediate reward. In a suicidal crisis, this inconsistency may result in a misestimation of the value of suicide relative to constructive alternatives and deterrents. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).In the present study we examined loneliness among individuals with and without social anxiety disorder (SAD), contexts that may moderate the experience of loneliness, and the temporal relationship between loneliness and social anxiety. Ponatinib mw We examined 88 individuals (44 with SAD and 44 without SAD) and used experience sampling (ES) methods, comprising of real-time measurement of naturally occurring events and participants' emotional reactions to them during participants' daily lives over the course of 21 days. Hierarchical linear models indicated that individuals with SAD reported significantly more loneliness compared to individuals without SAD. We also found that characteristics of social situations (negativity, positivity, and meaningfulness) were all positively and significantly associated with loneliness among individuals with SAD. Thus, social situations that were experienced as more negative, more positive, and more meaningful all resulted in increased loneliness for individuals with SAD. We also found a significant Positivity × Meaningfulness interaction that indicated that the effect of positivity was attenuated when meaningfulness was high. Notably, none of these effects were found for individuals without SAD. Finally, we found that for individuals with SAD, both anxiety and loneliness predicted changes in each other and combined to form a deleterious cycle. However, evidence for such a cycle was not found for individuals without SAD. The role of loneliness in the psychopathology of SAD and its maintenance, as well as clinical implications are discussed. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).
Life after transplant is often accompanied by a myriad of psychosocial and behavioral factors, such as medication adherence and depression, that impact quality of life and outcomes, including mortality. The current project sought to expand the breadth of psychosocial and behavioral care provided to heart transplant recipients during routine follow-up care within a heart transplant clinic housed within an urban academic medical center.

A weekly half-day model of Cardiac Behavioral Medicine clinic integration (CBM-CI) was developed and implemented within an ongoing heart transplant clinic based off the primary care behavioral health (PCBH) model. After meetings with key leadership, the model was developed during a 3-week pilot, after which, clinic providers' expectations for integration were assessed. After the development phase, the CBM-CI was implemented into the weekly heart transplant clinic and a quality improvement (QI) process was engaged for the first 6 weeks.

Across 6 weeks of clinic implementati rights reserved).
The development of habit (i.e., behavioral automaticity, the extent to which a behavior is performed with decreased thresholds for time, attention [effort], conscious awareness, and goal dependence), for goal-directed health behaviors facilitates health behavior engagement in daily life. However, there is a paucity of research examining automaticity for Type 1 diabetes self-management in adolescence. This study examined if greater perceived automaticity for diabetes self-management was associated with increased daily self-management, decreased daily self-regulation failures in glucose checking, and more optimal daily glycemic levels in adolescents with Type 1 diabetes.

Adolescents aged 13-17 and diagnosed with Type 1 diabetes (
= 79) completed the Self-Report Behavioral Automaticity Index, a measure of automaticity of diabetes self-management (i.e., automaticity of glucose checking, carbohydrate counting, and insulin dosing), and a measure of perceived self-management at baseline. One to 3 months later,ible interventions. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).
It has been documented that men are suffering more severe illnesses and deaths in the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic than women, which is thought to be due to a combination of biological and behavioral factors, paralleling men's greater morbidity and mortality overall. The present study tested and found support for four hypotheses regarding a model of the relationships between traditional masculinity ideology (TMI) and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommended COVID-19 practices (CDC adherence), as mediated by conformity to several masculine norms and moderated by conspiratorial attitudes toward the pandemic (conspiratorial attitudes).

Data were collected online from a convenience sample of U.S. men that was selected to be nationally representative in terms of race/ethnicity and region of residence (
= 306; Mean age 41.79;
= 15.90).

Conditional process modeling was used to test the model, revealing moderated mediation relationships between masculinity variables and CDC adherence conditional on conspiratorial attitudes.
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