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Based on these unique characteristics, we provide a novel design called magnetic anisotropy-phase change memory (Mani-PCM) which can impact the developing blueprint of memory. The working process of Mani-PCM includes in set, reset and read states as a universal PCM. This brand new technology is highly promising as warm memory devices including high reading/writing performance and economical price per storage capacity.We present a density functional theory (DFT) study of the structural and electronic properties of the bare metallic rutile VO2(110) surface and its oxygen-rich terminations. Due to the polyvalent nature of vanadium and abundance of oxide phases, the modelling of this material on the DFT level remains a challenging task. We discuss the performance of various DFT functionals, including PBE, PBE +U(U= 2 eV), SCAN and SCAN + rVV functionals with non-magnetic and ferromagnetic spin ordering, and show that the calculated phase stabilities depend on the chosen functional. We predict the presence of a ring-like termination that is electronically and structurally related to an insulating V2O5(001) monolayer and shows a higher stability than pure oxygen adsorption phases. Our results show that employing the spin-polarized SCAN functional offers a good compromise, as it offers both a reasonable description of the structural and electronic properties of the rutile VO2bulk phase and the enthalpy of formation for oxygen rich vanadium phases present at the surface.Molecular fingerprints revealed by Raman techniques show great potential for biomedical applications, like disease diagnostic through Raman detection of tumor markers and other molecules in the cell membrane. However, SERS substrates used in membrane molecule studies produce enhanced Raman spectra of high variability and challenging band assignments that limit their application. In this work, these drawbacks are addressed to detect membrane-associated hemoglobin (Hbm) in human erythrocytes through Raman spectroscopy. These cells are incubated with silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) in PBS before Raman measurements. Our results showed that AgNPs form large aggregates in PBS that adhered to the erythrocyte membrane, which enhances Raman scattering by molecules around the membrane, like Hbm. Also, deoxyHb markers may allow Hbmdetection in Raman spectra of oxygenated erythrocytes (oxyRBCs). Raman spectra of oxyRBCs incubated with AgNPs showed enhanced deoxyHb signals with good spectral reproducibility, supporting the Hbmdetection through deoxyHb markers. Instead, Raman spectra of oxyRBCs showed oxyHb bands associated with free cytoplasmic hemoglobin. Other factors influencing Raman detection of membrane proteins are discussed, like bothz-position and dimension of the sample volume. The results encourage membrane protein studies in living cells using Raman spectroscopy, leading to the characterization and diagnostic of different pathologies through a non-invasive technique.Spheroids have become essential building blocks for biofabrication of functional tissues. Spheroid formats allow high cell-densities to be efficiently engineered into tissue structures closely resembling the native tissues. In this work, we explore the assembly capacity of cartilaginous spheroids (d∼ 150µm) in the context of endochondral bone formation. The fusion capacity of spheroids at various degrees of differentiation was investigated and showed decreased kinetics as well as remodeling capacity with increased spheroid maturity. Subsequently, design considerations regarding the dimensions of engineered spheroid-based cartilaginous mesotissues were explored for the corresponding time points, defining critical dimensions for these type of tissues as they progressively mature. Next, mesotissue assemblies were implanted subcutaneously in order to investigate the influence of spheroid fusion parameters on endochondral ossification. Moreover, as a step towards industrialization, we demonstrated a novel automated image-guided robotics process, based on targeting and registering single-spheroids, covering the range of spheroid and mesotissue dimensions investigated in this work. This work highlights a robust and automated high-precision biomanufacturing roadmap for producing spheroid-based implants for bone regeneration.During the past decades, nano-structured metal oxide electrode materials have received growing attention due to their low development cost and high theoretical specific capacity, accordingly, quite a lot of metal oxide electrode materials are being used in electrochemical energy storage devices. However, the further development was limited by the relatively low electrical conductivity and the volume expansion during electrochemical reactions. Thus, many approaches have been proposed to obtain high-efficiency metal oxide electrode materials, such as designing nanomaterials with ideal morphology and high specific surface area, optimizing with carbon-based materials (such as graphene and glucose) to prepare nanocomposites, combining with conductive substrates to enhance the conductivity of electrodes, etc. Owning to the advantages of low cost and high chemical stability of carbon materials, core-shell structure formed by carbon-coated metal oxides is considered to be a promising solution to solve these problems. Therefore, this review mainly focuses on recent research advances in the field of carbon-coated metal oxides for energy storage, summarizing the advantages and disadvantages of common metal oxides and different types of carbon sources, and proposing methods to optimize the material properties in terms of structure and morphology, carbon layer thickness, coating method, specific surface area and pore size distribution, as well as improving electrical conductivity. Odanacatib ic50 In addition, the double or multi-layer coating strategy is also a reflection of the continuous development of carbon coating method. Hopefully, this rereview may provide a new direction for the renewal and development of future energy storage electrode materials.Passive wing pitching is a hypothesis in insect flight, and it is used widely by most flapping-wing micro air vehicles (FWMAVs). This study analyzes the flight control of hovering model fruit fly and FWMAV with passive pitching wings. The longitudinal and lateral control derivatives are obtained by numerical simulation of the fluid dynamic equations coupled with the torsional spring passive pitching system. In contrast to active pitching wings, some of the control derivatives are remarkably changed by passive pitching wings, such asZΦ(vertical force produced by unit stroke amplitude),Zf(vertical force produced by unit flapping frequency), andMψ0(pitching moment produced by unit rest angle). For example, increasing flapping frequency does not lead to an evident increase in lift and may even have a reverse effect. Therefore, the flight control of FWMAV with passive pitching wings should be treated with caution. For wings pitching passively with a torsional spring at the root, the differential change of the angle of attack in the downstroke and upstroke (αdand αu) could be achieved by modulation of the rest angle alone; however, the equal change in αdand αumay require an otherwise manipulation of the elastic coefficient. Results in this study provide guidelines for the design of FWMAVs in evaluating the effects of different control inputs correctly and formulating a cost-effective control scheme.We investigate the effects of material flexibility and aspect ratio on the propulsionof flapping tails. The tail, which is assumed to deform in the bending direction only, ismodeled using the Euler-Bernoulli beam theory. The hydrodynamic loads generated by theflapping motion are calculated using the three-dimensional unsteady vortex lattice method.The finite element method is used to solve the coupled time-dependent equations of motionusing an implicit solver for time integration. The results show improvement in the thrust andpropulsive efficiency over a specific range of non-dimensional flexibility defined by the ratioof the elastic forces to fluid pressure forces. Structural and flow characteristics associatedwith the improved performance are discussed. As for geometric effects, the performancedepends on the excitation frequency. At low frequencies, the improvement is continuous withincreasing the aspect ratio in a manner similar to that of rigid tails. At higher frequencies, theimprovement is limited to a region defined by aspect ratios that are less than 0.5. The extentof the improvement depends on the flexibility.Magnesium ion battery is one of the promising next-generation energy storage systems. Nevertheless, lack of appropriate cathode materials to ensure massive storage and efficient migration of Mg cations is a big obstacle for development of Mg-ion batteries. Herein, by means of first principles calculations, the geometric structure, electronic structure, Mg intercalation behavior and Mg diffusion behavior of the layered MoO2and two MoOSe (MoOSe(I) and MoOSe(V)) were systematically investigated. Layered MoO2shows semiconductor properties, while MoOSe displays metallic characteristics which ensure higher conductivity. The Mg cations tend to intercalate into octahedral sites for both MoO2and MoOSe. The maximum Mg-storage phases of the layered MoO2, MoOSe(I) and MoOSe(V) correspond to Mg0.666MoO2, Mg0.666MoOSe(I) and Mg0.666MoOSe(V), with theoretical specific capacities of 279, 191 and 191 mAh g-1, respectively. The calculated discharge plateaus of MoO2and two MoOSe are all about 1 V, which ensure that the layered MoO2and MoOSe electrodes can act as cathodes for Mg-ion batteries in the early stage. Moreover, comparing with other cathodes, the diffusion barrier of Mg cations and volume expansion during Mg intercalation process are competitive. The results suggest that layered MoO2and MoOSe are the promising cathode materials for Mg-ion batteries.Up to 20% of the concussed individuals experience covert sequelae lasting beyond the resolution of self-reported overt symptoms. How a prior history of concussion impacts the potential for sequelae is not well established, and the underlying mechanisms are unknown. We investigated the relation between prior concussion history and working memory (WM), self-reported cognitive symptom burden, and cerebrovascular function in adolescents and young adults (14 - 21 years old). We recruited 59 participants, 34 clinically diagnosed with a sports-related concussion and 25 controls. Concussed subjects were studied at baseline (within 28 days of their injury) and 8 weeks after, while control subjects only had one assessment. We assessed WM (n-back task up to 4-back), and neurovascular coupling (cerebrovascular responses at middle cerebral artery during n-back tasks) using a transcranial Doppler ultrasonograph. There was no significant difference in WM between controls and concussed participants (p=0.402). However, WM capacity was lower in those who had sustained ≥3 concussions (7.1% with WM capacity of 4) compared to those with their first ever concussion (33.3%) and controls (28.0%, overall p=0.025). At the sub-acute point (n = 24), self-reported cognitive symptom burden was mostly resolved in all but 2 participants. Despite resolution of symptoms, WM performance was not different 8 weeks post injury (p=0.706). Neurovascular coupling was not different between controls and concussed participants regardless of prior concussion history. Despite this lack of alteration in neurovascular coupling, a history of prior concussion was associated with significant deficits in WM capacity, and lasted beyond self-reported cognitive symptom resolution.
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