Notes

Enthesitis: a good hidden extraintestinal outward exhibition inside kid inflamed bowel disease.
The present work thereby identifies a central determinant of the direction that evaluative context and conditioning effects take. While different-object contexts evoke assimilation, same-object contexts increase the likelihood of contrastive evaluations. We discuss the various theoretical and practical implications of our findings. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).Hindsight bias not only occurs in individual perception but in written work (e.g., Wikipedia articles) as well. To avoid the possibility that biased written representations of events distort the views of broad audiences, one needs to understand the factors that determine hindsight bias in written work. Therefore, we tested the effect of three potential determinants the extent to which an event evokes sense-making motivation, the availability of verifiable causal information regarding the event, and the provision of content policies. We conducted one field study examining real Wikipedia articles (N = 40) and three preregistered experimental studies in which participants wrote or edited articles based on different materials (total N = 720). In each experiment, we systematically varied one determinant. Findings provide further-and even more general-support that Wikipedia articles about various events contain hindsight bias. The magnitude of hindsight bias in written work was contingent on the sense-making motivation and the availability of causal information. We did not find support for the effect of content policies. Findings are in line with causal model theory and suggest that some types and topics of written work might be particularly biased by hindsight (e.g., coverage of disasters, research reports, written expert opinions). (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).Borderline personality disorder (BPD) has a negative impact on the onset and course of anxiety disorders. However, even though many people with anxiety disorders only have some BPD symptoms, little is known about the impact of BPD symptoms on anxiety disorders. This study examines the impact of BPD symptoms on the onset and persistence of anxiety disorders over a 3-year follow-up in the general population. Longitudinal data from the Netherlands Mental Health Survey and Incidence study were used (N = 4,618). BPD symptoms were assessed using the International Personality Examination, and anxiety disorders and other mental disorders were assessed with the Composite International Diagnostic Interview. Logistic regression analyses were performed, adjusting for a wide range of potential confounders such as childhood abuse and mood disorders. In all, 72.1% of the participants reported no BPD symptoms, 24.0% reported one to two symptoms, 3.1% reported three to four symptoms, and 0.8% reported ≥ 5 symptoms. There was a clear dose-response relation, with more BPD symptoms being associated with a higher risk for onset and persistence of anxiety disorders (both p for trend less then .001). Even one to two BPD symptoms significantly impacted the onset (odds ratio = 3.32, 95% confidence interval [1.68, 6.54]) and persistence (odds ratio = 3.12, 95% confidence interval [1.01, 9.64]). Results appeared to be independent of multiple potential confounders. Even a low number of BPD symptoms impact the onset and persistence of anxiety disorders. Targeting these symptoms may improve the outcome of anxiety disorders. Future research should study the effect of various interventions for people with anxiety disorders and BPD symptoms. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).
Despite theorizing that posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptomatology may be exacerbated during the military-to-civilian transition, little research has delved into the trajectory of trauma-related symptomatology or the impact of diverse factors on timing of PTSD onset. To understand risk and protective factors for PTSD during the transition into civilian life, this study examined demographic, experiential, and psychosocial characteristics that may explain variation in PTSD symptoms and timing of onset.

A nationwide sample representing 48,965 U.S. veterans separating from military service in fall 2016 responded to six Web-based surveys over 3 years. Assessments included PTSD symptoms, stress, warfare exposures, military sexual trauma, moral injury events, resilience, and social support. Multivariable models estimated covariates of positive PTSD screen or symptoms.

Trauma exposure during military service was high at 59%. Probable PTSD was detected in 26% of the sample at baseline, with additional c) social support on symptom exacerbation. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).
This study prospectively assesses the implication of (a) exposure to distant trauma of war captivity, (b) stressful life events across the life span, and (c) posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) trajectories and current PTSD, on substance use during the COVID-19 pandemic.

One hundred and twenty Israeli ex-prisoners of war (ex-POWs) and 65 matched veterans of the 1973 Yom Kippur War filled out self-report questionnaires in 4 waves of assessment (T1-18, T2-30, T3-35, and T4-42 years after the war). A fifth wave of assessment (T5) was conducted in the midst of the COVID-19 pandemic, 47 years after the war.

Whereas in the earlier assessments (T1-T4) war captivity was not related to substance use, during the COVID-19 pandemic (T5) ex-POWs reported higher increase of use of alcohol, tranquilizers, cannabis, and sleep medications than comparable veterans. War-induced PTSD trajectories that were prospectively measured between T1-T4, and concurrent PTSD during the pandemic (T5) were related to increase in substance use during the pandemic (T5).

The findings demonstrate the long-term effects of both earlier experience of severe traumatic stress in young adulthood and the resultant PTSD trajectories, as reflected in increased substance use among the elderly, in the face of subsequent calamity. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).
The findings demonstrate the long-term effects of both earlier experience of severe traumatic stress in young adulthood and the resultant PTSD trajectories, as reflected in increased substance use among the elderly, in the face of subsequent calamity. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).
The Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) Checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5) is frequently used to assess PTSD symptoms. Extending its psychometric investigations across distinct samples (United States and India), the aims of the present study included investigating the item characteristics, person fit, and differential item functioning (DIF) across the two samples.

We (a) conducted item analysis using the graded response model to examine item characteristics (thresholds and discrimination parameters) and (b) examined person fit to determine participants' response patterns. The U.S. sample included 176 trauma-exposed individuals seeking mental health treatment, and the Indian sample included 148 trauma-exposed ex-military personnel.

Results indicated low discrimination for Item 8 and low but acceptable discrimination for Item 17 for the U.S. and Indian samples, respectively. HG106 solubility dmso Across both samples, the most unused response categories were the middle-point or extreme (higher severity) categories (all response categories were better utilized in the Indian sample), and half the participants exhibited person misfit. Supplemental DIF analysis indicated that five items exhibited DIF indicating potential item bias; however, effect sizes for DIF were negligible.

Although the PCL-5 demonstrated strong psychometric properties and showed promise for use across the samples differing on cultural and demographic characteristics, some of the items and the number of categories used to measure them could be revisited to create a more efficient instrument. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).
Although the PCL-5 demonstrated strong psychometric properties and showed promise for use across the samples differing on cultural and demographic characteristics, some of the items and the number of categories used to measure them could be revisited to create a more efficient instrument. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).
Italy was the first country outside Asia to deal with the early phase of the COVID-19 pandemic, and health care facilities and medical staff were not fully prepared. Research worldwide has documented the enormous effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on health care providers' mental health, including experiences of dehumanization, but less work has focused on factors which may influence the development of these outcomes in response to COVID-19-related stress.

This study examined the association of dehumanization, self-efficacy, and alienation to burnout, depression, and PTSD among medical staff. Potential moderators included moral injury, professional role, COVID workload, and work in a critical care unit (CCU).

Participants were recruited through the Internet. The sample consisted of 270 medical staff members who completed a self-report survey online. Instruments included Human Traits Attribution Scale for dehumanization; NYP-Queens Survey-Self-Efficacy Subscale for self-efficacy; Moral Injury Events Scale fic literature. There is a need to support staff in their complex relationships and communication with patients. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).
This research confirms that the COVID-19 pandemic stressed Italian medical staff in a way not documented in the prepandemic literature. There is a need to support staff in their complex relationships and communication with patients. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).
The current studies explored associations between exposure to potentially morally injurious events (PMIEs) and mental health outcomes among frontline workers affected by the coronavirus pandemic.

We administered online self-report surveys to emergency responders (
= 473) and hospital personnel (
= 854) in the Rocky Mountain region of the United States between April and June of 2020. Surveys assessed frequency and intensity of exposure to PMIEs alongside psychological and functional outcomes.

Between 20% and 30% of frontline workers reported exposure to PMIEs of at least moderate frequency and intensity. Exposure to more intense PMIEs was associated with greater psychological symptoms (i.e., stress, depression, and anxiety) and functional impairment (i.e., professional burnout), especially among emergency responders who reported frequent exposure but also hospital workers who reported few exposures.

Efforts to facilitate and maintain the well-being of the public health workforce should specifically address critical incidents encountered by frontline workers that have embedded moral and ethical challenges. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).
Efforts to facilitate and maintain the well-being of the public health workforce should specifically address critical incidents encountered by frontline workers that have embedded moral and ethical challenges. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).
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