Notes

Portable as opposed to attached laserlight speckle comparison perfusion image shown inside epidermis lesions.
Here, we will summarize different strategies used by researchers to investigate the therapeutic potentials of miRNAs, with focus on miR-375, for curing diabetes through β-cell regeneration or replacement.
It takes many years for trainees to become physicians-so long that their individual journeys through medical school and residency are seldom systematically studied and thus not well understood. Lack of understanding hinders effective support of future physicians' development across traditional time-bound phases of medical education. The authors initiated a longitudinal qualitative study, tracing a cohort of 6 trainees through the same medical school and 6 different residencies. They asked, how do stability and change characterize the lived experience of trainees through time?

From 2010 to 2019, the authors conducted in-depth interviews every 6 to 12 months with 6 trainees, using reflective prompts about recent experiences and prior interviews. Data were inductively coded and analyzed in an iterative fashion. By scrutinizing data via time-ordered displays of codes, the authors identified 3 patterns of stability and change, particularly related to constructing careers in medicine. The study originated at a on this descriptive, 9-year study of a small number of trainees, medical education seems to accommodate trainees whose journeys are motivated by clinical interests, even if those clinical interests change through time. PF07104091 Medical education could consider alternatives to time-bound frames of reference and focus on the right time for trainees to integrate clinical and social sciences in medical training.Estimates in a 1989 study indicated that physicians in the United States were unable to reach a diagnosis that accounted for their patient's symptoms in up to 90% of outpatient patient encounters. Many proponents of artificial intelligence (AI) see the current process of moving from clinical data gathering to medical diagnosis as being limited by human analytic capability and expect AI to be a valuable tool to refine this process. The use of AI fundamentally calls into question the extent to which uncertainty in medical decision making is tolerated. Uncertainty is perceived by some as fundamentally undesirable and thus, for them, optimal decision making should be based on minimizing uncertainty. However, uncertainty cannot be reduced to zero; thus, relative uncertainty can be used as a metric to weigh the likelihood of various diagnoses being correct and the appropriateness of treatments. Here, the authors make the argument, using as examples the experiences of 2 AI systems, IBM Watson on Jeopardy and Watson for Oncology, that medical decision making based on relative uncertainty provides a better lens for understanding the application of AI to medicine than one that minimizes uncertainty. This approach to uncertainty has significant implications for how health care leaders consider the benefits and trade-offs of AI-assisted and AI-driven decision tools and ultimately integrate AI into medical practice.While sociopolitical advances have improved the rights of sexual and gender minorities (i.e., lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer [LGBTQ+] persons), they continue to face a health system that discriminates against them and does not provide competent, comprehensive care. Despite calls for advancing research, there remains limited sexual and gender minority health research funding, mentorship, and institutional support. Academic medical centers are best suited to systematically tackle disparities and improve care for all sexual and gender minority people through their tripartite missions of patient care, education, and research. In this article, the authors outline discrimination experienced by LGBTQ+ persons and highlight the unique disparities they experience across access and outcomes. The authors posit that by systematically improving clinical care of, incorporating education and training about, and research with LGBTQ+ people into their core missions, academic medical centers can dramatically change the health care landscape. Academic medical centers can eliminate health disparities, expand necessary research endeavors about sexual and gender minorities, and prepare the health care workforce to address the unique needs of these overlooked populations.The COVID-19 pandemic has caused major disruptions to the academic medicine community, including the cancellation of most medical and health professions conferences. In this Perspective, the authors examine both the short- and longer-term implications of these cancellations, including the effects on the professional development and advancement of junior faculty and learners. While the COVID-19 pandemic is new in 2020, impediments to conference attendance and participation are not. Cost, personal responsibilities at home, and clinical duties have always restricted attendance. The authors argue that the unprecedented hardships of this pandemic present a unique opportunity to reimagine how conferences can be conducted and to rethink what it means to be part of an academic community. While there are challenges with this digital transformation of academia, there are also undeniable opportunities online abstracts and recorded presentations enable wider viewership, virtual sessions permit wider participation and greater interactivity, and the elimination of travel facilitates more diverse expert panel participation. The authors conclude with proposals for how conference organizers and participants can expand access by leveraging available distance learning technology and other virtual tools, both during the COVID-19 pandemic and beyond.
Patients with substance use disorder may be particularly vulnerable to withdrawal-related complications during the SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) pandemic. Limited availability of alcohol and other substances coupled with decreased accessibility to substance use treatment poses a substantial risk to this population. Isopropanol, the active ingredient in rubbing alcohol, is widely available; thus, it may be used in times of scarcity.

We present a case of intentional isopropanol ingestion used as an ethanol surrogate within the setting of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Toxic alcohol ingestions are imperative considerations on the differential for the intoxicated patient particularly during resource-limited times.
Toxic alcohol ingestions are imperative considerations on the differential for the intoxicated patient particularly during resource-limited times.
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