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Performance regarding eye coherence tomography together with angiographic coregistration from the direction of heart stent implantation.
Autosomal dominant PDGFRβ gain-of-function mutations in mice and humans cause a spectrum of wasting and overgrowth disorders afflicting the skeleton and other connective tissues, but the cellular origin of these disorders remains unknown. We demonstrate that skeletal stem cells (SSCs) isolated from mice with a gain-of-function D849V point mutation in PDGFRβ exhibit colony formation defects that parallel the wasting or overgrowth phenotypes of the mice. Single-cell RNA transcriptomics with SSC-derived polyclonal colonies demonstrates alterations in osteogenic and chondrogenic precursors caused by PDGFRβD849V. Mutant cells undergo poor osteogenesis in vitro with increased expression of Sox9 and other chondrogenic markers. Mice with PDGFRβD849V exhibit osteopenia. Increased STAT5 phosphorylation and overexpression of Igf1 and Socs2 in PDGFRβD849V cells suggests that overgrowth in mice involves PDGFRβD849V activating the STAT5-IGF1 axis locally in the skeleton. Our study establishes that PDGFRβD849V causes osteopenic skeletal phenotypes that are associated with intrinsic changes in SSCs, promoting chondrogenesis over osteogenesis.Viral infections caused by bacteriophages, i.e., viruses that kill bacteria are one of the most dangerous and common threats for bacteria-based bioreactors. More than 70% of biotechnology companies have admitted to encountering this problem. Despite phage infections being such a dangerous and widespread risk, there are no effective methods to avoid them to date. Herein, we present a novel technology based on nanoparticles that irreversibly deactivates bacteriophages and is safe for bacteria. Our method allows for the unsupervised protection of bacterial processes in the biotechnology industry. Gold nanoparticles coated with a mixture of negatively charged 11-mercapto 1-undecanesulfonic acid (MUS) and hydrophobic 1-octanethiol (OT) ligands are effective at deactivating various types of Escherichia coli-selective phages T1, T4, and T7. The nanoparticles can lower the titer of phages up to 2 and 5 logs in 6 and 24 h at 50 °C, respectively. A comparative analysis of nanoparticles with different ligand shells illustrates the importance of the combination of negatively charged and hydrophobic ligands that is the key to achieving a good inhibitory concentration (EC50 ≤ 1 μg mL-1) for all tested phages. We show that the nanoparticles are harmless for the commonly used bacteria in industry Escherichia coli and are effective under conditions simulating the environment of bioreactors.Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a non-specific, chronic inflammatory disease of the intestine. The precise etiology and mechanism underlying the pathogenesis of IBD have not been elucidated. In this study, we investigated the mechanisms through which the Tricholoma matsutake-derived peptide, WFNNAGP, exerts protective effects on the inflammatory response and oxidative stress in a dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced IBD mouse model. WFNNAGP significantly attenuated colitis symptoms in mice, including weight loss, diarrhea, shortened colon, bloody stools, and histopathological changes. WFNNAGP significantly ameliorated the DSS-induced oxidative damage, showing scavenging activity against hydroxyl and DPPH radicals (23.67 ± 4.11% and 34.53 ± 2.45%), increased SOD activity (191.48 ± 4.35 U per mg prot), and decreased MDA activity (1.61 ± 0.24 nmol per mg prot). In addition, WFNNAGP improved the inflammatory response by inhibiting MPO and pro-inflammatory cytokine expression and protected the barrier function by promoting the expression of occludin and ZO-1 in the colon. Western blotting showed that WFNNAGP reduced the inflammatory response by downregulating NF-κB expression and inhibiting the formation and activation of NLRP3 and caspase-1. Thus, WFNNAGP may reduce colonic inflammation in mice by enhancing oxidative defense systems and barrier function and may be a promising candidate for IBD intervention.The reactivity of the secondary phosphide KP(iPr)Ter (1) (Ter = 2,6-bis-(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)phenyl) toward small molecules is reported. Phosphide 1 displays distinct nucleophilic character and reacts selectively with chalcogens (S8, Sex), heteroallenes (CO2, nPrNCS), and an acyl chloride (AdCOCl) to give the corresponding dichalcogenophosphinates (2a, 3), phosphanyl formate (5), thiocarbamoylphosphane (6a), or acylphosphane (7a), respectively. Furthermore the follow-up chemistry of these products was investigated. 2a was converted to a PSPS ligand (2b) which forms a Au(I) complex (2c) with (Me2S)AuCl. Likewise, a gold complex of 7a was prepared. All species were isolated and fully characterized.Metal halides have potential applications in many optics-related fields, such as birefringence materials. Here, a pentanary fluoride K3Na(TaF7)(SiF6) has been obtained through a facile hydrothermal route. It crystallizes in the orthorhombic space group Immm, and its zero-dimensional framework features isolated SiF6 octahedra and TaF7 monocapped trigonal prisms, a new type of combination representing a new structure-type. It exhibits two wide optical band gaps of 4.46 eV and 5.67 eV which is consistent with DFT calculation. K3Na(TaF7)(SiF6) exhibits a larger birefringence (0.045 at 253.7 nm) compared with the commercial MgF2 crystal.The Fe3O4@Au nanostars, whose anisotropic shape couples the plasmons focused on the magnetic core with the branches of the gold shell, hold promise for surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) applications. Assembly of monodisperse Fe3O4@Au nanostars induced by a magnetic field could lead to highly ordered superstructures, providing distinctive SERS activity. In this study, a simplified fabrication technique was developed to assemble Fe3O4@Au nanostars on the inner walls of a glass capillary into a highly sensitive, reproducible and recyclable SERS active glass capillary under controlled magnetic alignment. The strong dipole-dipole interactions between the neighboring nanoparticles lead to a close-packed pattern as an energetically favorable configuration. The magnetic dipolar interaction between the particles can be further tuned by the controlled anisotropic shape of the gold shell. GW9662 The interparticle plasmon couplings and lightning rod effects of the Fe3O4@Au nanostars contributed to Raman enhancement. Based on the capillary action, capillaries can act as a microreactor for the sampling tools. We further demonstrate SERS-based colorant detection in the capillary which the target molecule can easily detect by simple adsorption of the colorants by capillary action. The Fe3O4@Au nanostars in the capillary with a long shelf life, high sensitivity and low cost promote the application of SERS technology in widespread fields.The pair coupled cluster doubles (pCCD) ansatz represents an inexpensive but accurate single-reference method to describe multi-reference problems. By construction, pCCD remains, however, applicable to closed-shell systems. For the first time, we present extensions to pCCD that allow us to target open-shell molecules with up to 4 unpaired electrons. Although requiring only modest computational cost, our methods approach chemical accuracy for some challenging cases, while their performance is comparable to more expensive models like DMRG or CCSD(T).Tandem catalysts with multifunctional sites can achieve high-efficiency catalytic transformations for quickly converting simple raw materials into complex value-added products. The integration of highly active species of metal nanoparticles (NPs) and single-atom catalytic sites (SACs) into one tandem system promises to synthesize an ideal bifunctional catalyst on account of the synergistic effect between NPs and SACs. However, such ideas face some challenges as deactivation or loss of active species, and low efficiency or side reactions caused by the disorder of different active species. Herein, a double-shell microencapsulated nanoreactor was fabricated as a bifunctional catalyst for the one-pot synthesis of cyclic carbonates from olefins. The microcapsules consist of an inner shell of nitrogen-doped porous carbon rich in Zn SACs, an outer shell of mesoporous SiO2, and Au NPs confined between the outer and inner shells, noted as Zn-N-C/Au@mSiO2. Particularly, two active species are spatially compartmented within microcapsules. Furthermore, the catalyst was applied in the one-pot synthesis of styrene carbonate from styrene with CO2 under normal pressure and showed admirable performance. The yield of cyclic carbonate reached 92.9% at 93.2% olefins conversion. Furthermore, the catalyst shows good reusability with little loss of catalytic performance (4.0%) even after using it 15 consecutive times. The unique structure used in this work can rationally integrate diverse catalytic species into one system and offering adequate protection, which provides an effective strategy for the development of multi-site catalysts.Alkaline earth metal catalysis has been a growing field in recent years. To enhance reactivity and to understand the metal-substrate interactions in more detail, reactions are increasingly carried out in weakly coordinating solvents. This article gives an overview over the two main approaches to facilitate this, which are either through the employment of highly dipolar haloaryls as solvents, or by increasing the solubility of the ligand systems. The resulting coordination modes and reactivities are presented together with the synthetic strategies. Additionally, the latest results of group 1 complex chemistry in aliphatic solvents are illustrated and future challenges are highlighted.The interfacial tension (IFT) of a fluid-fluid interface plays an important role in a wide range of applications and processes. When low IFT is desired, surface active compounds (e.g. surfactants) can be added to the system. Numerous attempts have been made to relate changes in IFT arising from such compounds to the specific nature of the interface. However, the IFT is controlled by an interplay of factors such as temperature and molecular structure of surface-active compounds, which make it difficult to predict IFT as those conditions change. In this study, we present the results from molecular dynamics simulations revealing the specific role surfactants play in IFT. We find that, in addition to reducing direct contact between the two fluids, surfactants serve to increase the disorder at the interface (related to interfacial entropy) and consequently reduce the water/oil IFT, especially when surfactants are present at high surface density. Our results suggest that surfactants that yield more disordered interfacial films (e.g. with flexible and/or unsaturated tails) reduce the water/oil IFT more effectively than surfactants which yield highly ordered interfacial films. Our results shed light on some of the factors that control IFT and could have important practical implications in industrial applications such as the design of cosmetics, food products, and detergents.The synthesis and characterisation of novel chelate nitrogen ligands with phasmidic tails (pyridine-triazole ligand 1b; 2,2'-bipyrimidine ligands 2b and 3b) as well as their titanium(IV) coordination complexes are reported. The analogous ligands 1a, 2a and 3a with methoxy substituents instead of the tails were also synthesized, together with titanium complexes that could be crystallographically characterised. A good agreement is noticed between analytical data of the complexes in solution (NMR) and in the solid state (X-ray diffraction). The complexes are overall robust on phases like alumina or silica, so that they could be characterised by TLC and sometimes chromatographied. Supramolecular architectures were generated from an equimolar solution of titanium(IV) isopropoxide, ligand 1a and a polyphenol ligand 5-H4, leading to a double-stranded helicate characterised by MS, NMR and crystallography, which was then converted into a trinuclear complex as shown by MS and NMR DOSY data. The liquid-crystalline behaviour of the ligands 1b, 2b and 3b incorporating the long alkyl tails and that of the complexes derived from these ligands have been investigated.
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