Notes

Presenting regarding cytochrome P450 27C1, a new retinoid desaturase, for the item proteins adrenodoxin.
breu AR, Krishnan V, Quan SF, Strollo PJ Jr, Malhotra RK. A transition to the American Academy of Sleep Medicine-recommended hypopnea definition in adults initiatives of the Hypopnea Scoring Rule Task Force.
. 2022;18(5)1419-1425.
Berry RB, Abreu AR, Krishnan V, Quan SF, Strollo PJ Jr, Malhotra RK. A transition to the American Academy of Sleep Medicine-recommended hypopnea definition in adults initiatives of the Hypopnea Scoring Rule Task Force. J Clin Sleep Med. VBIT12 2022;18(5)1419-1425.
Delirium is a common and serious complication of inpatient hospital care in older patients. The current approaches to prevention and treatment followed in German hospitals are inconsistent. The aim of this study was to test the effectiveness of a standardized multiprofessional approach to the management of delirium in inpatients.

The patients included in the study were all >65 years old, were treated for at least 3 days on an internal medicine, trauma surgery, or orthopedic ward at Münster University Hospital between January 2016 and December 2017, and showed cognitive deficits on standardized screening at the time of admission (a score of ≤=25 on the Montreal Cognitive Assessment [MoCA] test). Patients in the intervention group received standardized delirium prevention and treatment measures; those in the control group did not. The primary outcomes measured were the incidence and duration of delirium during the hospital stay; the secondary outcomes measured were cognitive deficits relevant to daily living at 12 months after discharge (MoCA and Instrumental Activities of Daily Living [I-ADL]).

The data of 772 patients were analyzed. Both the rate and the duration of delirium were lower in the intervention group than in the control group (6.8% versus 20.5%, odds ratio 0.28, 95% confidence interval [0.18; 0.45]; 3 days [interquartile range, IQR 2-4] versus 6 days [IQR 4-8]). A year after discharge, the patients with delirium in the intervention group showed fewer cognitive deficits relevant to daily living than those in the control group (I-ADL score 2.5 [IQR 2-4] versus 1 [IQR 1-2], P = 0.02).

Structured multiprofessional management reduces the incidence and duration of delirium and lowers the number of lasting cognitive deficits relevant to daily living after hospital discharge.
Structured multiprofessional management reduces the incidence and duration of delirium and lowers the number of lasting cognitive deficits relevant to daily living after hospital discharge.
Numerous studies have reported an increase in mental disorders during the COVID-19 pandemic, but the exact reasons for this development are not well understood. In this study we investigate whether pandemic-related occupational and financial changes (e.g., reduced working hours, working from home, financial losses) were associated with increased symptoms of depression and anxiety compared with the situation before the pandemic.

We analyzed data from the German National Cohort (NAKO) Study. Between May and November 2020, 161 849 study participants answered questions on their mental state and social circumstances. Their responses were compared with data from the baseline survey before the pandemic (2014-2019). Linear fixed-effects models were used to determine whether individual changes in the severity of symptoms of depression (PHQ-9) or anxiety (GAD-7) were associated with occupational/ financial changes (controlling for various covariates).

The prevalence of moderate or severe symptoms of depression ans.
Depressive symptoms and anxiety disorders increased slightly in the study population during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic. Occupational and financial difficulties were an essential contributory factor. These strains should be taken into account both in the care of individual patients and in the planning of targeted prevention measures.
Chronic tinnitus is a commonly occurring symptom of the auditory system. Epidemiological studies assume a lifetime prevalence in men and women of 3.5% for chronic tinnitus requiring treatment. Almost 25% of all Germans have experienced at least one episode of tinnitus. No causal therapy is yet available, but numerous treatment strategies are being pursued. Rigorous scientific assessment of these procedures is essential.

For this exhaustive revision of the German clinical practice guideline, the literature in the medical databases PubMed and Cochrane Library, including existing guidelines from various countries, was systematically searched using keywords on the topic of chronic tinnitus. On the basis of the revised guideline, a separate guideline was written in language accessible to patients.

Chronic tinnitus is often associated with hearing loss, but the mental distress caused by the ear noise is another crucial element. Apart from expert counseling, the recommended treatment comprises psychotherapeutihe long-term effects of the treatment options, with particular attention to psychosomatic comorbidity.
To establish a sensitive, simple and rapid detection method for African swine fever virus (ASFV) B646L gene.

A recombinase-aided amplification-lateral flow dipstick (RAA-LFD) assay was developed in this study. Recombinase-aided amplification (RAA) is used to amplify template DNA, and lateral flow dipstick (LFD) is used to interpret the results after the amplification is completed. The lower limits of detection and specificity of the RAA assay were verified using recombinant plasmid and pathogenic nucleic acid. In addition, 30 clinical samples were tested to evaluate the performance of the RAA assay.

The RAA-LFD assay was completed within 15 min at 37 °C, including 10 min for nucleic acid amplification and 5 minutes for LFD reading results. The detection limit of this assay was found to be 200 copies per reaction. And there was no cross-reactivity with other swine viruses.

A highly sensitive, specific, and simple RAA-LFD method was developed for the rapid detection of the ASFV.
A highly sensitive, specific, and simple RAA-LFD method was developed for the rapid detection of the ASFV.
Traditional epidemiological studies have shown that C-reactive protein (CRP) is associated with the risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). However, whether this association is causal remains unclear. Therefore, Mendelian randomization (MR) was used to explore the causal relationship of CRP with cardiovascular outcomes including ischemic stroke, atrial fibrillation, arrhythmia and congestive heart failure.

We performed two-sample MR by using summary-level data obtained from Japanese Encyclopedia of Genetic association by Riken (JENGER), and we selected four single-nucleotide polymorphisms associated with CRP level as instrumental variables. MR estimates were calculated with the inverse-variance weighted (IVW), penalized weighted median and weighted median. MR-Egger regression was used to explore pleiotropy.

No significant causal association of genetically determined CRP level with ischemic stroke, atrial fibrillation or arrhythmia was found with all four MR methods (all
s > 0.05). The IVW method indicated suggestive evidence of a causal association between CRP and congestive heart failure (
1.337, 95%
1.005-1.780,
= 0.046), whereas the other three methods did not. No clear pleiotropy or heterogeneity were observed.

Suggestive evidence was found only in analysis of congestive heart failure; therefore, further studies are necessary. Furthermore, no causal association was found between CRP and the other three cardiovascular outcomes.
Suggestive evidence was found only in analysis of congestive heart failure; therefore, further studies are necessary. Furthermore, no causal association was found between CRP and the other three cardiovascular outcomes.
To explore the association of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the vitamin D receptor gene (
) with circulating lipids considering gender differences.

Of the Han Chinese adults recruited from a health examination center for inclusion in the study, the circulating lipids, 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD), and other parameters were measured. The
SNPs of
(rs11568820),
(rs2228570),
(rs7975232), and
(rs731236) were genotyped with a qPCR test using blood DNA samples, and their associations with lipids were analyzed using logistic regression.

In the female participants (
= 236 with dyslipidemia and 888 without dyslipidemia), multiple genotype models of
indicated a positive correlation of B (not A) alleles with LDLC level (
< 0.05). In the male participants (
= 299 with dyslipidemia and 564 without dyslipidemia), the recessive model of
and the additive and recessive models of
differed (
< 0.05) between the HDLC-classified subgroups, respectively, and
BB and
TT presented interactions with 25OHD in the negative associations with HDLC (
< 0.05).

In the Chinese Han adults included in the study, the
B-allele of
was associated with higher LDLC in females, and the
B-allele and the
T-allele of
were associated with lower HDLC in males. The interaction of VD and
BB or
TT in males synergistically decreased HDLC levels.
In the Chinese Han adults included in the study, the Fok1 B-allele of VDR was associated with higher LDLC in females, and the Fok1 B-allele and the Cdx2 T-allele of VDR were associated with lower HDLC in males. The interaction of VD and Fok1 BB or Cdx2 TT in males synergistically decreased HDLC levels.
We wanted to investigate the radial peripapillary capillary (RPC) network in patients with Bietti crystalline dystrophy (BCD).

We compared RPC densities in the disk and different peripapillary regions, obtained using optical coherence tomography angiography in 22 patients with BCD (37 eyes) and 22 healthy subjects (37 eyes). The BCD group was then divided into Stage 2 and Stage 3 subgroups based on Yuzawa staging, comparing the RPC densities of the two.

The disk area RPC density was 38.8% ± 6.3% in the BCD group and 49.2% ± 6.1% in the control group (
< 0.001), and peripapillary region RPC density was significantly lower in the BCD group than in the control group (49.1% ± 4.7% and 54.1% ± 3.0%, respectively,
< 0.001). There were no significant RPC density differences between the tempo quadrant and inside disk of Stages 2 and 3 subgroups; the other areas showed a significantly lower RPC density in Stage 3 than in Stage 2 BCD.

The BCD group RPC density was significantly lower than the control group. The reduction of RPC density in the tempo quadrant occurred mainly in the Stage 1 BCD. In contrast, the reduction of RPC density in superior, inferior, and nasal quadrants occurred mainly in Stage 2.
The BCD group RPC density was significantly lower than the control group. The reduction of RPC density in the tempo quadrant occurred mainly in the Stage 1 BCD. In contrast, the reduction of RPC density in superior, inferior, and nasal quadrants occurred mainly in Stage 2.
This study aimed to investigate the effects of caprylic acid (C80) on lipid metabolism and inflammation, and examine the mechanisms underlying these effects in mice and cells.

Fifty-six 6-week-old male C57BL/6J mice were randomly allocated to four groups fed a high-fat diet (HFD) without or with 2% C80, palmitic acid (C160) or eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA). RAW246.7 cells were randomly divided into five groups normal, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), LPS+C80, LPS+EPA and LPS+cAMP. The serum lipid profiles, inflammatory biomolecules, and ABCA1 and JAK2/STAT3 mRNA and protein expression were measured.

C80 decreased TC and LDL-C, and increased the HDL-C/LDL-C ratio after injection of LPS. Without LPS, it decreased TC in mice (
< 0.05). Moreover, C80 decreased the inflammatory response after LPS treatment in both mice and cells (
< 0.05). Mechanistic investigations in C57BL/6J mouse aortas after injection of LPS indicated that C80 resulted in higher ABCA1 and JAK2/STAT3 expression than that with HFD, C160 and EPA, and resulted in lower TNF-α, NF-κB mRNA expression than that with HFD (
< 0.
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