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The aim of the present investigation was to assess the effect of long-term recreational swimming training on the cardiac autonomic responses in the healthy population. 70 habitual recreational swimmers (48.6±14.3 yrs.) and 60 sedentary adults (51.5±10.4 yrs.) were recruited. Arterial blood pressure was recorded with participants in supine position for 10 min, and the last 5 min were used to assess heart rate variability, baroreflex sensitivity, and hemodynamic analysis. The analysis of the questionnaire showed that the swimmers had practiced swimming for a mean of 14 years and 207 min/week. No difference was detected for body mass index between groups. Heart rate variability showed significant differences between groups both in the time and frequency domain analysis. We also found significant differences for baroreflex sensitivity. At rest, cardiac output and stroke volume were higher, whereas, heart rate, mean arterial pressure and total peripheral resistances were lower in the swimmers than in the sedentary subjects. Since heart rate variability measures are independent predictors of mortality, the present findings suggest that habitual recreational swimming may be protective against sudden cardiovascular events and, more in general, have a positive impact on cardiovascular health.Glutathione is the most abundant cellular antioxidant and regulates redox homeostasis. Healthy individuals with certain antioxidant inadequacies/deficiencies exhibit impairments in physiological functions. The aim was to investigate whether low levels of dietary cysteine intake are associated with a) lower erythrocyte glutathione, b) increased plasma F 2 -isoprostanes, and c) impaired muscle function. Towards this aim, we recorded the dietary intake of the three amino acids that synthesize glutathione (i. e., glutamic acid, cysteine, and glycine) in forty-one healthy individuals, and subsequently measured erythrocyte glutathione levels. Maximal isometric strength and fatigue index were also assessed using an electronic handgrip dynamometer. Our findings indicate that dietary cysteine intake was positively correlated with glutathione levels (r=0.765, p less then 0.001). In addition, glutathione levels were negatively correlated with F2-isoprostanes (r=- 0.311, p=0.048). An interesting finding was that glutathione levels and cysteine intake were positively correlated with maximal handgrip strength (r=0.416, p=0.007 and r=0.343, p=0.028, respectively). In conclusion, glutathione concentration is associated with cysteine intake, while adequate cysteine levels were important for optimal redox status and muscle function. check details This highlights the importance of proper nutritional intake and biochemical screening with the goal of personalized nutrition.The urinary level of the titin fragment has been considered a non-invasive and sensitive biomarker for muscle damage in clinical cases. However, there is little evidence regarding changes in the urinary titin fragment in response to exercise-induced muscle damage. In this study, we aimed to investigate whether the urinary titin fragment reflects the magnitude of muscle damage induced by two lower-limb eccentric exercises. In this study, healthy young male subjects performed drop jump (n=9) and eccentric ergometer exercise (n=9). Blood and urine samples were collected at various time points before and after the exercises. Although perceived muscle soreness assessed by sit-to-stand tasks was increased at 24 h and 48 h after both drop jump and the eccentric ergometer exercise groups, the pressure pain threshold was not changed. Changes of the urinary titin fragment, plasma myomesin 3 fragments, creatine kinase (CK), and myoglobin (Mb) after the eccentric exercises were increased but not statistically significant. Meanwhile, we found that the changes in the urinary titin fragment levels in response to both drop jump and the eccentric ergometer exercise were correlated with those of plasma CK and Mb levels. These results provide evidence that the urinary titin fragment level is a non-invasive biomarker reflecting the magnitude of eccentric exercise-induced muscle damage.Articular cartilage of the knee can be evaluated with high accuracy by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in preoperative patients with knee pain, but image quality and reporting are variable. This article discusses the normal MRI appearance of articular cartilage as well as the common MRI abnormalities of knee cartilage that may be considered for operative treatment. This article focuses on a practical approach to preoperative MRI of knee articular cartilage using routine MRI techniques. Current and future directions of knee MRI related to articular cartilage are also discussed.The onset of many degenerative diseases related to aging has been associated with a decrease in the activity of antistress systems, and pharmacological interventions increasing stress resistance could be effective to prevent the development of such diseases. Achiote is a valuable source of carotenoid and tocotrienols, which have antioxidant activity. In this work, we explore the capacity of an achiote seed extract and its main compounds to modulate the lifespan and antistress responses on Caenorhabditis elegans, as well as the mechanisms involved in these effects. Achiote lipophilic extract, bixin, and δ-tocotrienol were applied on nematodes to carry out lifespan, stress resistance, and fertility assays. The achiote seed extract increased the median and maximum lifespan up to 35% and 27% and increased resistance against oxidative and thermal stresses without adverse effects on fertility. The beneficial effects were mimicked by a bixin+δ-tocotrienol mixture. All the effects on lifespan and stress resistance were independent of caloric restriction but dependent on the insulin/insulin growth factor-1 pathway. This study could provide insights for further research on a new beneficial use of this important crop in health and nutraceutical applications beyond its use as a source of natural pigments.Remdesivir is presently been considered as 'molecule of hope' to curb the menace of COVID19. Non-availability of any USFDA approved drug has led to several attempt of drug-repurposing and development of new therapeutic molecules. However, Remdesivir has been found to be effective against a broad range of virus including SARS, MERS and COVID 19 through in-vitro studies. Several clinical research attempt are presently being conducted showing promising result yet not conclusive. This review summarized all such clinical trials to critically appraise the usage of Remdesivir against COVID 19 along with the publications related to the results of the clinical studies. The present regulatory aspect i. e. Emergency Use Authorization (EYA) and information of molecule and plausible mechanism is also dealt.
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