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Chrysin Ameliorates Cyclosporine-A-Induced Kidney Fibrosis through Conquering TGF-β1-Induced Epithelial-Mesenchymal Changeover.
INTRODUCTION The nasolabial fold causes particular concern during aging in the middle face region. However, arterial complications of filler injections at this site have been continually reported during recent years. The aim of this study was to investigate the arterial locations and their anastomotic pathways related to filler injection sites in the nasolabial fold. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty hemi-faces of 15 embalmed Thai cadavers were dissected. Three anatomical landmarks of nasolabial folds were assigned the inferior margin level (NLF1), the mid-philtral horizontal line level (NLF2), and the inferior alar level (NLF3). Ten hemi-faces of five soft embalmed Thai cadavers underwent a modified Sihler's staining procedure to investigate the arterial anastomoses. RESULTS The artery closest to all of the landmarks was the facial artery. It was located inferomedial to NLF1 in 28%, and the mean distances along the X- and Y-axes were 3.53 ± 2.11 mm and 3.53 ± 1.75 mm, respectively. It was also located medial to NLF2 in 52.1% with an X-axis distance of 4.93 ± 1.53 mm. Several arteries were located close to NLF3, including the facial (33.3%), lateral nasal (33.3%), and infraorbital (30.0%) arteries. Anastomoses of the nasolabial arteries served to connect both the external-external and internal-external carotid systems. CONCLUSIONS Several arteries are located close to NLF1-NLF3. To prevent arterial injury, the locations and anastomotic pathways, as possible sources of severe complications, should be recognized prior to nasolabial fold filler injection. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.OBJECTIVE The use of e-cigarettes is rapidly increasing in adolescents. Health care providers pay attention to e-cigarette users because of the risk of developing addiction and problematic behavior. Based on ecological perspective, this study investigated factors influencing continued e-cigarette use. METHODS We classified 1556 current e-cigarette users into experimental and continued users using the Korean national representative data. Data were analyzed using the chi-square test and logistic regression based on a complex sample analysis. RESULTS Among current e-cigarette users, 55.1% were continued users. Adolescents who use e-cigarettes because of the belief that they are less harmful than cigarettes, concealment, easy purchase, and adding various flavors had a high risk of continued use. Continued users were more likely to have a higher weekly allowance, lower rate of living with family, and higher chance of smoking parents and exposure to passive smoking at home. CONCLUSIONS Continued e-cigarette use was influenced by interpersonal and environmental factors, such as ease of purchase and addition of flavoring substances. Improving the environment of adolescents can prevent continued use of e-cigarettes. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.CONTEXT The literature on reproductive decision making often focuses on women and neglects the role of men and the importance of relationship context. Research with couples is vital to understanding joint decision making regarding having children at various stages of a couple's relationship and an individual's life course. METHODS In-depth, individual interviews were conducted with a socioeconomically, racially and ethnically diverse sample of 50 young heterosexual women and their male partners in northern California in 2015-2016. A dyadic, thematic analytic approach was used to examine whether and how prospective pregnancy intentions and current pregnancy desires are negotiated at the couple level, and how relationship dynamics influence any negotiation and decision-making processes. RESULTS Twenty-three couples described engaging in joint pregnancy decision making, which required purposeful communication and, for some, compromise and acceptance. For nearly all of these couples, these processes led to aligned prospective pregnancy intentions, even when current pregnancy desires differed. The remaining 27 couples described individual pregnancy decision-making processes; many respondents reported intentions that aligned with their partner's by happenstance, despite some respondents having avoided communicating their desires to their partner. Some of these couples faced relationship difficulties, including poor communication, leading some participants to misinterpret or be unaware of their partner's pregnancy intentions and desires. CONCLUSIONS The relationship context is important in the formulation of prospective pregnancy intentions among young people. Counseling protocols, interventions and policies that attend to the complex factors that influence young couples' pregnancy decision making are needed to better help couples attain their reproductive goals. Copyright © 2020 by the Guttmacher Institute.OBJECTIVE To describe academic rank, gender, surgical career length, and publication record of academic veterinary surgeons and to estimate the association between gender and higher academic rank. STUDY DESIGN Cross-sectional study. SAMPLE Residency-trained surgeons at US veterinary schools in 2019. METHODS Surgeons were identified via institutional websites. Data including surgeon gender, academic title, and year of board certification were collected from public resources. Publication record was measured by using author h-indices obtained from Scopus. Data were analyzed with descriptive and inferential statistics. RESULTS Three hundred eighteen surgeons were identified from 30 institutions, including 162 (51%) women and 156 (49%) men. Women represented 66% of instructors and assistant professors, and men represented 60% of associate and full professors. This distribution differed significantly (P less then .001). Author h-index was associated with career length but not gender. Men were 2.5 times more likely than women to be associate or full professors (odds ratio 2.52, 95% CI 1.03-6.14, P = .042) after adjustment for career length and h-index. CONCLUSION Female surgery faculty at US veterinary schools in 2019 were concentrated in lower academic ranks and were less likely than male surgery faculty to be associate or full professors after adjustment for career length and publication record. IMPACT A gender gap exists in academic veterinary surgery in the United States. It is critical to recognize that women's increasing participation in veterinary medicine has not been matched by equal representation in all areas. Additional efforts are warranted to identify contributing factors and implement strategies to improve gender inclusion. © 2020 The American College of Veterinary Surgeons.BACKGROUND Risk factors and timing associated with disease progression and mortality in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) are poorly understood. AIMS To evaluate the impact of disease severity, demographics and comorbidities on risk of mortality and time to progression in a large, real-world cohort of diagnosed NAFLD patients. METHODS Claims data from a 20% Medicare representative sample between 2007 and 2015 were analysed retrospectively. Adults were categorised into disease severity groups NAFLD/nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) alone, compensated cirrhosis, decompensated cirrhosis, liver transplant or hepatocellular carcinoma. Cumulative incidence of mortality and disease progression were calculated for each group and multivariate analyses performed adjusting for demographics, comorbidities and disease severity. RESULTS A total of 10 826 456, patients were assessed and the prevalence of NAFLD was 5.7% (N = 621 253). Among patients with NAFLD, 71.1% had NAFLD/NASH alone and 28.9% had NAFLD cirrhosis. Overall, 85.5% of patients had hypertension, 84.1% dyslipidemia, 68.7% had cardiovascular disease and 55.5% diabetes. The cumulative risk of progression of NAFLD to cirrhosis, and compensated cirrhosis to decompensated cirrhosis was 39% and 45%, respectively, over 8 years of follow-up. The independent predictors of progression included cardiovascular disease, renal impairment, dyslipidemia and diabetes. The cumulative risk of mortality for NAFLD, NAFLD cirrhosis, decompensated cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma was 12.6%, 31.1%, 51.4% and 76.2%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The present report (a) demonstrates that NAFLD is grossly underdiagnosed in real-world clinical settings and (b) provides new evidence on the progression rates of NAFLD and risk factors of mortality across the spectrum of severity of NAFLD and cirrhosis. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.Postmortem redistribution (PMR) describes artificial postmortem (PM) concentration changes of xenobiotics that may pose major challenges in forensic toxicology. Only few studies systematically investigated time-dependent PM drug concentration changes so far and a posteriori estimation of the occurrence of PMR is not possible yet. In this context, the general concept that PM biochemical changes in blood might parallel drug redistribution mechanisms seems promising. Thus, the current study investigated the possible correlations between time-dependent PM concentration changes of xenobiotic and endogenous compounds; exemplified for authentic morphine (n=19) and methadone (n=11) cases. Peripheral blood samples at two time-points PM were analyzed for morphine and methadone concentrations and an (un)targeted PM metabolomics approach was utilized to combine targeted quantitative analysis of 56 endogenous analytes and untargeted screening for endogenous compounds (characterizing 1174 features); liquid and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was used respectively. Individual statistically significant correlations between morphine/methadone and endogenous compounds/features could be determined. Hence, the general applicability of the proposed concept could successfully be confirmed. To verify reproducibility and robustness of the correlating behavior, a larger dataset must be analyzed next. Once a marker/set of markers is found (e.g. robust correlation with specific xenobiotic or xenobiotic class), this could be used as surrogates to further study time-dependent PMR in a broader variety of cases (e.g. independent of a xenobiotic drug present). A crucial next step will also be the attempt to create a statistical model that allows a posteriori estimation of PMR occurrence of xenobiotics to assist forensic toxicologists in PM case interpretation. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.BACKGROUND To analyze the clinical value of seven autoantibodies (p53, PGP9.5, SOX2, GAGE7, GBU4-5, MAGE A1 and CAGE) in lung cancer patients. METHODS ELISA was used to determine serum levels of seven autoantibodies in 177 patients with lung cancer, 201 healthy persons, and 210 patients with benign pulmonary diseases. Positive rates of 7 autoantibodies were analyzed; receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were drawn to analyze their diagnostic efficiency in lung cancer and to compare the positive rate of seven kinds of autoantibody combined detection of lung cancer patients with different clinicopathological features. RESULTS The positive rate of seven autoantibodies in all subjects was 13.44%. The positive rate of seven autoantibodies in lung cancer was 25.42%. click here The positive rate of the combined detection of seven autoantibodies in the lung cancer group was significantly higher than that in healthy control group (χ2 = 19.76, P less then .001) and benign lung disease group (χ2 = 21.44, P less then .
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