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Kidney Reaction to Chemotherapy-Induced Center Failure: mRNA Evaluation in Normotensive and Ren-2 Transgenic Hypertensive Rats.
The pH, colour, viscosity and water activity parameters were also measured. The use of chemometric tools is essential because of the large amount of data generated, and different models based on discriminant analysis with an orthogonal projection on latent structures (OPLS-DA) were constructed. The optimal models obtained by both analytical techniques allowed differentiation between contaminated and non-contaminated creams, with a validation success rate of 94.4%. In addition, MVOC monitoring also allowed assessment of the microbial concentration.This work reports on the development of the first capillary electrophoresis methodology for the elucidation of extracellular vesicles' (EVs) electrokinetic distributions. The approach is based on capillary electrophoresis coupled with laser-induced fluorescent (LIF) detection for the identification and quantification of EVs after their isolation. Sensitive detection of these nanometric entities was possible thanks to an 'inorganic-species-free' background electrolyte. This electrolyte was made up of weakly charged molecules at very high concentrations to stabilize EVs, and an intra-membrane labelling approach was used to prevent EV morphology modification. The limit of detection for EVs achieved using the developed CE-LIF method reached 8 × 109 EV/mL, whereas the calibration curve was acquired from 1.22 × 1010 to 1.20 × 1011 EV/mL. The CE-LIF approach was applied to provide the electrokinetic distributions of various EVs of animal and human origins, and visualize different EV subpopulations from our recently developed high-yield EV isolation method.Herein, some (modified) paper-based substrates were prepared and utilized as extractive phases in a microfluidic device and their extraction performances examined for analytes with different polarities. ARS853 cell line Reagents including hexadecyltrimethoxysilane (HDTMS), phenyltrimethoxysilane (PTES), (3-aminopropyl) triethoxysilane (APTES) and 3-(2,3-epoxypropoxy) propyltrimethoxysilane (EPPTMOS) were implemented for the modification process. Due to the induction of different silane functional groups, it was anticipated to have various interactions for the tested analytes. Eventually, the prepared paper sheets were used as extractive phases for solid-phase extraction within a microfluidic system. The microfluidic setup not only improves the mechanical stability of the paper-based phases but also facilitated the mass transfer process and decreases the energy consumption. The selected analytes contained antidepressant drugs, organophosphates and triazine toxins, having different structures and polarities. Afterward, the existing interactions between the paper-based sorbents and the selected analytes were investigated by Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Hierarchical Clustering Analysis (HCA) for data analysis. According to the obtained data, the PTES modified surface paper was selected for quantitative investigation and optimization. The major parameters associated with the extraction performance were studied. A linear range was obtained for amitriptyline and trimipramine, 0.05-200 μg L-1, and the calibration graph for clomipramine was linear in the range of 0.02-200 μg L-1. The employment of microfluidic device in conjunction with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry led to the limits of detections of 0.005-0.01 μgL-1 for the antidepressant drugs. The relative recoveries for the tested drugs in urine samples were in the range of 95-103%.Inductively coupled plasma - mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) is an essential tool for quantitative ultratrace elemental and isotopic determinations in the biological and biomedical fields. In addition, sensitive and multiplexed quantification of target biomolecules in biological fluids and single-cells by ICP-MS can be carried out using metal elements or their isotopes as labels of immunoreaction and hybridization specific-recognition reactions. Following similar strategies, the bioimaging of biomolecules in tissues and single-cells by laser ablation (LA)-ICP-MS can be also achieved. Sensitivity can be further increased by resorting to amplification strategies based on the use of labels containing several atoms of a given elemental (or isotopic) reporter, such as inorganic nanoparticles (NPs). In this review, we intend to highlight the progress achieved in this active research area. Following the introduction, a short report of the characteristics of the most relevant NPs used as labels of specific-recognition reactions for ICP-MS detection, as well as the most common labelling routes are given. Then, the applications of NPs-labelled detection probes used in combination with ICP-MS (either with liquid nebulization or LA sampling) for identification and determination of proteins and oligonucleotides in biological samples are thoroughly reviewed. In the conclusions section, the challenges faced and the expected advances in this topic are underlined.Bacterial pneumonia is a lethal condition, and approximately 40% of bacterial pneumonia patients experience parapneumonic effusion (PPE). Based on the severity of inflammation, PPEs can be categorized as early-stage uncomplicated PPE (UPPE), advanced-stage complicated PPE (CPPE) and, most seriously, thoracic empyema. Appropriate antibiotic treatment at the early stage of PPE can prevent PPE progression and reduce mortality, indicating that understanding PPE generation and components can help researchers develop corresponding treatment strategies for PPE. To this end, metabolomes of 73 PPE (38 UPPE and 35 CPPE samples) and 30 malignant pleural effusion (MPE) samples were profiled with differential 12C2-/13C2-isotope dansylation labeling-based mass spectrometry. We found that PPE is characterized by elevated levels of dipeptides, especially for PPEs at advanced stages. Furthermore, with integrated proteomic and transcriptomic analyses of PPEs, the levels of dipeptides were strongly associated with the production of interleukin-8 (IL-8), an inflammation-associated cytokine. The production of IL-8 indeed increased upon the treatment of HL-60-derived neutrophilic cells with dipeptides, Gly-Val and Gly-Tyr. Our findings help to elucidate the metabolic perturbations present in PPE and indicate for the first time that dipeptides may be involved in the immune regulation observed during PPE progression.Sialic acid usually locates at the terminal of glycoproteins and glycolipids on cell surface. Compared to normal cells, cancer cells generally express much more sialic acid residues, and the sialylation of cell surface proteins or lipids is related to the progression of tumors, which leads to high expression of serum sialic acid in cancer patients. This work used an organic electrochemical transistor as the sensing platform to design a simple and suitable device for sensitive and convenient detection of sialic acid level in serum samples. The transistor-based biosensor consisted of three typical drain/source/gate Au electrodes on a glass substrate and a polymer membrane to serve as conducting channel between source electrode and drain electrode. The gate electrode was modified with carboxylated multi-wall carbon nanotubes to covalently bind 3-aminobenzeneboronic acid, which specifically recognized sialic acid to change the effect gate voltage of the transistor, and thus produced the signal of drain-source channel current for sensitive detection of sialic acid ranging from 0.1 to 7 mM. The novel biosensor possessed excellent specificity for distinguishing normal and cancer people. The detection results of serum samples from lung cancer patients demonstrated the excellent performance of the transistor-based biosensor, showing the potential application in clinical diagnose.Diesel exhaust particles (DEPs) are major constituents of air pollution and associated with numerous oxidative stress-induced human diseases. In vitro toxicity studies are useful for developing a better understanding of species-specific in vivo conditions. Conventional in vitro assessments based on oxidative biomarkers are destructive and inefficient. In this study, Raman spectroscopy, as a non-invasive imaging tool, was used to capture the molecular fingerprints of overall cellular component responses (nucleic acid, lipids, proteins, carbohydrates) to DEP damage and antioxidant protection. We apply a novel data visualization algorithm called PHATE, which preserves both global and local structure, to display the progression of cell damage over DEP exposure time. Meanwhile, a mutual information (MI) estimator was used to identify the most informative Raman peaks associated with cytotoxicity. A health index was defined to quantitatively assess the protective effects of two antioxidants (resveratrol and mesobiliverdin IXα) against DEP induced cytotoxicity. In addition, a number of machine learning classifiers were applied to successfully discriminate different treatment groups with high accuracy. Correlations between Raman spectra and immunomodulatory cytokine and chemokine levels were evaluated. In conclusion, the combination of label-free, non-disruptive Raman micro-spectroscopy and machine learning analysis is demonstrated as a useful tool in quantitative analysis of oxidative stress induced cytotoxicity and for effectively assessing various antioxidant treatments, suggesting that this framework can serve as a high throughput platform for screening various potential antioxidants based on their effectiveness at battling the effects of air pollution on human health.Core-shell magnetic Fe3O4@MIL-101(Cr) nanoparticles were synthesized via layer-by-layer self-assembly method. Using Fe3O4@MIL-101(Cr) as support, Fe3O4@MIL-101(Cr)@MIP was prepared with phenytoin as template, acrylamide as functional monomer, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate as cross-linker, methanol and acetonitrile as porogen, azoisobutyronitrile as initiator. The materials were characterized by a serious of characterization experiments. The prepared Fe3O4@MIL-101(Cr)@MIP was demonstrated to possess good separability, large adsorption capability, excellent adsorption selectivity, good durability and reusability via adsorption experiments. Subsequently, a magnetic solid phase extraction method (MSPE) based on Fe3O4@MIL-101(Cr)@MIP combined with high performance liquid chromatography-ultraviolet detector (HPLC-UV) was established for the determination of phenytoin sodium in plasma samples. Experimental parameters including pH, the amount of adsorbent, extraction time, elution conditions, the concentration of NaCl were investigated to optimize extraction process. The method was validated. The linearity was observed in the range of 0.05-40 μg mL-1 with a lower limit of quantification of 0.05 μg mL-1. The calibration equations were y = 0.2514x + 0.0319 (r2 = 0.9938), y = 0.2888x + 0.0472 (r2 = 0.9943), y = 0.2565x + 0.0418 (r2 = 0.9976), respectively. The recoveries ranged from 89.2 to 94.3%, intra- and inter-day precision (RSDs) ranged from 2.1 to 9.7% and 2.9-9.2%, respectively. The established MSPE-HPLC-UV method was time-saving, sensitive, accurate, environmental friendly, and drastically reduced the complex matrix interferences. The established method was successfully applied for phenytoin sodium determination in real plasma samples, providing new directions for therapeutic drug monitoring.
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