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Lower coronary stream compared to myocardial muscle size states coronary heart failure inside systematic hypertensive sufferers with no obstructive heart disease.
© 2020 IOP Publishing Ltd.In situ boron (B)-doped SiGe (BSG) layer is extensively used in the source/drain (S/D) of metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors (MOSFET). An unexpected structural evolution occurs in BSG during metallization and activation annealing during actual fabrication, which involves a correlated interaction between B and SiGe. Herein, the complicated phenomena of the structural evolution of BSG were analyzed by UV Raman spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), reflective second harmonic generation (RSHG), and synchrotron X-ray diffraction (XRD). Optical inspection was integrated into these processes to establish a multi-optical method. UV Raman spectroscopy was used to determine variations in Si-Si, Si-Ge, and Ge-Ge bonds in BSG. XPS exhibited the binding energy evolution of Ge3d during different annealing processes at varied Ge ratios and B concentrations. RSHG revealed the polar Si-B and Ge-B bonds formed during annealing. Synchrotron XRD provided the structure and strain changes of BSG. Secondary-ion mass spectrometer (SIMS) profiles provided the species distribution, which was used to examine the results of multi-optical method. Furthermore, double-layered BSG (DBSG) with different B concentrations were analyzed using the multi-optical method. Results revealed that Ge aggregated in the homogeneous interface of DBSG, and that B dopants in BSG served as carrier providers that strongly influenced the BSG structure. However, BSG with excessive B concentration was unstable and increased the B content (SiB3) through metallization. For BSG with a suitable B concentration, the formation of Si-B and Ge-B bonds suppressed the diffusion of Ge from SiGe, thereby reducing the possibility of Ge loss and further B pipe-up in the heavily doped S/D region. © 2020 IOP Publishing Ltd.Integral feedback control is commonly used in mechanical and electrical systems to achieve zero steady-state error following an external disturbance. Equivalently, in biological systems, a property known as robust perfect adaptation guarantees robustness to environmental perturbations and return to the pre-disturbance state. Previously, Briatet al. proposed a biomolecular design for integral feedback control (robust perfect adaptation) called the antithetic feedback motif. The antithetic feedback controller uses the sequestration binding reaction of two biochemical species to record the integral of the error between the current and the desired output of the network it controls. The antithetic feedback motif has been successfully built using synthetic components in vivo inEscherichia coliandSaccharomyces cerevisiaecells. However, these previous synthetic implementations of antithetic feedback have not produced perfect integral feedback control due to the degradation and dilution of the two controller species. Furthermore, previous theoretical results have cautioned that integral control can only be achieved under stability conditions that not all antithetic feedback motifs necessarily fulfill. In this paper, we study how to design antithetic feedback motifs that simultaneously achieve good stability and small steady-state error properties, even as the controller species are degraded and diluted. We provide simple tuning guidelines to achieve flexible and practical synthetic biological implementations of antithetic feedback control. We use several tools and metrics from control theory to design antithetic feedback networks, paving the path for the systematic design of synthetic biological controllers. © 2020 IOP Publishing Ltd.Cobalt (II, III) oxide（Co3O4） was widely studied and applied in various fields, however, it suffered the slow mass and electron transfer during applications. Herein, crumpled Co3O4and Co3O4/rGO (reduced graphene oxide) with tunable 2D-in-3D structure were prepared by combining spray pyrolysis with graphene oxide (GO) template. The two-dimensional Co3O4nanoplates interconnected with each other to form a three-dimensional ball with many wrinkles, resulting in defects enrichment on the abundant boundaries of the nanosheets that provided more active sites for catalytic reaction. In addition, the unique 2D-in-3D structure endowed it with fast mass transfer and structure stability. Furthermore, the assemble mechanism could be concluded as that the uniformly distributed oxygen-containing functional groups pined metal cations on GO surface by electrostatic interaction, and the 2D structure of GO enabled the in-situ converted Co3O4to grow along the GO surface with excellent dispersion. Taking the advantages above, the Co3O4/rGO balls demonstrated excellent oxygen evolution reaction (OER) performance, an overpotential of 298 mV at current density of 10.0 mA cm-2as well as a current density of 115.9 mA cm-2at the overpotential of η = 500 mV was obtained. © 2020 IOP Publishing Ltd.OBJECTIVE To validate the accuracy of the Oura ring in the quantification of resting heart rate (HR) and heart rate variability (HRV). BACKGROUND Wearable devices have become comfortable, lightweight, and technologically advanced for assessing health behavior. As an example, the novel Oura ring integrates daily physical activity and nocturnal cardiovascular measurements. Ring users can follow their autonomic nervous system responses to their daily behavior based on nightly changes in HR and HRV, and adjust their behavior accordingly after self-reflection. Bisindolylmaleimide I cost As wearable photoplethysmogram (PPG) can be disrupted by several confounding influences, it is crucial to demonstrate the accuracy of ring measurements . APPROACH Nocturnal HR and HRV were assessed in 49 adults with simultaneous measurements from the Oura ring and the gold standard ECG measurement. Female and male participants with a wide age range (15-72 years) and physical activity status were included. Regression analysis between ECG and the ring outcomes was performed. MAIN RESULTS Very high agreement between the ring and ECG was observed for nightly average HR and HRV (r2 = 0.996 and 0.980, respectively) with a mean bias of -0.63 bpm and -1.2 ms. High agreement was also observed across 5-min segments within individual nights in (r2 = 0.869±0.098 and 0.765±0.178 in HR and HRV, respectively). SIGNIFICANCE Present findings indicate high validity of the Oura ring in the assessment of nocturnal HR and HRV in healthy adults. The results show the utility of this miniaturised device as a lifestyle management tool in long-term settings. High quality PPG signal results prompt future studies utilizing ring PPG towards clinically relevant health outcomes. Creative Commons Attribution license.
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