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n and mucosal lung damage. Moreover, PAR-1 inhibition ability of ABS might be helpful for reducing the initial virus propagation and mocasal spread of COVID-19.Hypercalcemia of malignancy develops in approximately 20-30% of patients with advanced cancer and is an ominous sign. This condition is subdivided into three categories i) humoral hypercalcemia of malignancy (80% of cases), mediated by systemic parathyroid hormone-related protein; ii) osteolytic metastases (20% of cases), mediated by inflammatory cytokines locally released by tumor cells and/or peri-tumor macrophages; and iii) ectopic production of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D ( less then 1% of cases), leading to intestinal hyperabsorption of calcium and increased osteoclastic bone resorption. Humoral hypercalcemia of malignancy is seen in a variety of solid tumors, while osteolytic metastases are most common in breast cancer and multiple myeloma. Hypercalcemia of malignancy mediated by 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D is primarily seen in lymphomas, having only rarely been reported in solid tumors. Pharmacologic management of humoral hypercalcemia of malignancy and osteolytic metastases mainly involves inhibition of bone resorption with intravenous bisphosphonates, subcutaneous denosumab, and subcutaneous calcitonin. Glucocorticoid therapy is the mainstay for management of increased 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D. Unfortunately, management of hypercalcemia of malignancy often requires inpatient admission in the acute setting, and loss of effectiveness of antiresorptive therapy is common. We propose oral cinacalcet may be an efficacious therapy for hypercalcemia of malignancy related to elevated 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D, and we present supporting data from two cases involving solid tumors. Furthermore, we hypothesize that this effect is primarily mediated by cinacalcet's interaction with the calcium-sensing receptor in the intestine with lesser effects at bone and kidney. Lastly, the role of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D in hypercalcemia malignancy may be underappreciated in solid tumors.Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a progressive and irreversible pathological syndrome that starts silently, continues through renal dysfunction and ends up in renal failure. Currently there is a critical need to develop non-invasive imaging biomarkers for the identification of early renal damage and the assessment of renal pathological alterations. Anisotropy is the intrinsic property of the architecture of renal parenchyma, which is responsible for the variation of measurement between different orientations on ultrasonic elastography (USE). Based on this correlation, we hypothesize that USE may quantify the degree of parenchymal anisotropy of kidney with the orientation-derived variation of measurement. In order to standardize the variation, a novel USE biomarker is proposed, the anisotropic ratio (AR), which is the ratio of elasticity of renal parenchyma achieved with the transducer aligned along versus across the nephrons. If this hypothesis could be proved, AR may enable the detection of pathological changes in the parenchymal structure of kidney. Then, AR would be used in the management of disease in CKD patients, and serve as a diagnostic and monitoring biomarker.The novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) is primarily a respiratory pathogen and its clinical manifestations are dominated by respiratory symptoms, the most severe of which is acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). However, COVID-19 is increasingly recognized to cause an overwhelming inflammatory response and cytokine storm leading to end organ damage. End organ damage to heart is one of the most severe complications of COVID-19 that increases the risk of death. We proposed a two-fold mechanism responsible for causing acute coronary events in patients with COVID-19 infection Cytokine storm leading to rapid onset formation of new coronary plaques along with destabilization of pre-existing plaques and direct myocardial injury secondary to acute systemic viral infection. A well-coordinated immune response is the first line innate immunity against a viral infection. However, an uncoordinated response and hypersecretion of cytokines and chemokines lead to immune related damage to the human body. Human Coronavirus (celerated formation of new plaques are the two instigating mechanisms for acute coronary syndromes in COVID-19.Sleep-related hypermotor epilepsy (SHE) is a rare epileptic syndrome characterized by epileptic seizures which occur during the non-rapid eye movement (NREM) stage of sleep. selleck inhibitor with hypermotor semiology resembling violent limb movements and an asymmetric tonic-dystonic posture. The genes which are responsible for the autosomal dominant form of SHE (ADSHE) and whose function is to code the sub-unit of the neuronal acetylcholine receptor are well known. Considering that ADSHE is a prototype of SHE, it is thought that the dysfunction of the cortico-subcortical cholinergic network, which regulates the cycle of sleep, has a key role in the epileptogenesis of this syndrome. #link# Namely, studies to date, have shown that the hypercholinergic activity is sufficient for the development of epileptic seizures, even though the exact mechanism remains to be elucidated. NREM parasomnias are sleep disorders that are the most difficult to differentiate from SHE due to a similar clinical presentation. Considering the clinical similarities, NREM occurrence and probable genetic connection, it is considered that fundamentally, both of these conditions share a common pathophysiological mechanism i.e. cholinergic dysfunction. The main difference between SHE and NREM parasomnias are the genuine epileptic seizures that are responsible for the semiology in SHE. These genuine seizures are not present in NREM parasomnias. Why this is so, remains to be elucidated. link2 Considering that animal studies have shown that dynamic changes and the decreased levels of microRNA-211 contribute to epileptic seizures and to changes in cholinergic pathways, our hypothesis is that epileptic seizures and the development of epileptogenesis in SHE are a consequence of cholinergic dysfunction and decreased levels of microRNA-211 as opposed to NREM parasomnias where there is a stable level of microRNA-211, preventing epileptogenesis despite the cholinergic system dysfunction.Individuals with mild intellectual disability or borderline intellectual functioning (MID-BIF; IQ 50-85) are at high risk for developing post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and substance use disorders (SUD). In individuals without MID-BIF, Seeking Safety (SeSa) is found to be effective in treating PTSD and SUD simultaneously. However, little is known about integrated treatment of PTSD and SUD in individuals with MID-BIF. This review aims to provide an overview of studies about this type of triple psychopathology, as well as PTSD or SUD in individuals with MID-BIF (i.e. dual diagnosis). No studies were found on integrated treatment of PTSD and SUD in individuals with MID-BIF. Thirty-two studies were found on treatment of either PTSD (mostly Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing and cognitive behavior therapy) or SUD (mostly cognitive behavior therapy and mindfulness) in individuals with MID-BIF. Only 9.4 % of these studies mentioned the co-morbidity of PTSD and SUD. Suggestions for adapting treatment to individuals with MID-BIF were provided on communication, structure, non-verbal elements, network, coping skills, therapeutic relationship and use of suitable and reliable instruments to measure treatment progress. More research is needed on the effectivity of EMDR or Imaginary Exposure (IE) combined with SUD treatment (CBT and mindfulness), and on the adaption of SeSa tot individuals with MID-BIF, as well as on this type of triple psychopathology in general.A parent coaching intervention program was launched in a Quebec community-based organization for autism spectrum disorder. This initiative was intended to support families following the child's diagnosis, as they awaited public early intensive behavioral intervention services. The parent-mediated intervention program, based on the Early Start Denver Model, included a 3 h parent group training, an initial assessment followed by the development of an individualized intervention plan, 8 weeks of live coaching, a final assessment to evaluate children's progress, and a feedback meeting with families. The present study used a mixed-method design to assess the feasibility and acceptability of the program. Ten families (ten mothers and three fathers) and four coaches participated in the present study. Parents and coaches perceived and achieved high levels of implementation overall (91 %) and there was a moderate improvement of parents' teaching skills. link3 All participating families and coaches were satisfied or highly satisfied with the program and found it acceptable.Columba livia is a wild bird whose domestication has led to a large number of pigeon breeds. The occasional loss or straying of domestic birds determined the origin of feral pigeons, which are now widespread all around the world. In this study, we assumed that the main contribution to feral populations is provided by domestic breeds reared in the same areas. We tested this hypothesis by analysing the variability of 12 microsatellite loci in nine Italian feral populations sampled in areas with different intensities of breeding and selecting domestic breeds. We included in the analysis samples belonging to ten domestic lineages commonly bred in Italy. The pattern of geographic differentiation of feral populations turned out to be rather complex and only partially explained by the geographic distance between populations. This pattern can be understood only when the domestic breeds were included in the analysis. In particular, feral populations located in regions with a long-lasting tradition of pigeon breeding showed a high level of admixture with domestic breeds, in particular with Racing Homer and Piacentino. Ferals from Bolzano, Venice and Sassari were characterized by unique genetic components, mostly not shared by other feral populations and by the considered domestic breeds. Our results further emphasize the complex genetic structure of feral populations whose origin can be properly investigated by taking into account the pool of domestic pigeons bred in the considered area.Body condition indices (BCI - mass scaled by size) are widely used in ecological studies. They presumably reflect variations of endogenous fat reserves in free-ranging animals. In the field, however, accurately quantifying internal body reserves is a difficult task. This is especially true in armoured animals where convenient clues that may guide BCI assessment (e.g. visible subcutaneous fat deposits) remain inaccessible. Alternatively, inclusive dissections may provide anatomical abacuses to estimate body reserves in living individuals. Sacrificing animals for this purpose is not acceptable. We opportunistically tested the ability of BCI to estimate body reserves in 13 free-ranging Hermann's tortoises (Gmelin, 1789) dissected soon after they died from natural causes. On average, BCI values were lower in dissected tortoises relative to living individuals (N > 10,000 measurements), but they remained within the range of variation of the studied populations. Shell mass relative to body mass was high and showed considerable inter-individual variation (33.
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