Notes

Chronobiotics KL001 and KS15 Prolong Lifetime along with Alter Circadian Rhythms of Drosophila melanogaster.
Further analysis showed that the identified genes and related pathways have interactions at multiple points, and that the overlapping points are commonly found in the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway.

In this paper, MS-related miRNAs and their potential effects on related pathways were evaluated. This study can be used for understanding MS pathogenesis and provides new tools for the discovery of new therapies.
In this paper, MS-related miRNAs and their potential effects on related pathways were evaluated. GSK126 chemical structure This study can be used for understanding MS pathogenesis and provides new tools for the discovery of new therapies.
Clinicians seek to identify associations between pain behaviours to understand if symptoms are related or separate conditions. This study determined whether the temporal behaviour of migraine related neck pain related to i) the presence of cervical musculoskeletal function or ii) migraine hypersensitivity.

Cross-sectional study of migraineurs with neck pain (n=110). Participants reported daily for one month via an online survey, on migraine and other headaches, neck symptoms, location of onset and self-identified triggers. Allodynia Symptom Checklist (ASC12), Pressure pain thresholds (PPTs), and presence or absence of cervical musculoskeletal dysfunction were also assessed.

The temporal behaviours of neck pain in 92 participants (46 migraine only, 46 migraine plus another headache) were categorised as i) ictal only (n=42), ii) ictal and infrequent interictal (n=26), iii) ictal and frequent interictal (n=17), and iv) undecipherable (n=7). Cervical musculoskeletal dysfunction was present in 43%. Temporal behaviours of neck pain were not associated with cervical musculoskeletal dysfunction (p=1.00 and 0.21), nor related to ASC12, PPTs, headache triggers, neck pain, nor region of symptom onset, whether migraine only or migraine and another headache was reported (p=0.29 to 0.97).

Individuals with migraine present with varied behaviours of neck pain in relation to the headache. As temporal behaviour is not informative, a physical examination is needed to negate or confirm a cervical source of neck pain in migraine.
Individuals with migraine present with varied behaviours of neck pain in relation to the headache. As temporal behaviour is not informative, a physical examination is needed to negate or confirm a cervical source of neck pain in migraine.
For older adults receiving long-term care (LTC) at home, little is known about the role of social function in the onset of adverse outcomes, such as death, institutionalization, and functional decline. We examined the association between social function and adverse outcome onset among community-dwelling older adults with mild care needs.

This two-year longitudinal study recruited non-institutionalized older adults, with mild care need levels, in 2003. Participants were followed regarding the onset of death, institutionalization, and functional decline, after two years. Social function was assessed using four items (friendships, emotional support, instrumental support, and intergenerational interactions) and scored from zero (low) to four (high). Multivariable logistic regression analysis estimated the odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the onset of adverse outcomes, composite of death, institutionalization, and functional decline.

Ultimately, 281 older adults were analyzed. During the observation period, the onset of adverse outcomes was observed in 41.4% of the participants (death, 13.9%; institutionalization, 7.9%; functional decline, 19.5%). Higher social function was inversely associated with adverse outcome onset, even after adjusting for covariates including cognitive function (compared to zero point, ORs [95% CIs] were 0.85 [0.42-1.70] for one, 0.42 [0.19-0.94] for two, and 0.44 [0.20-0.99] for three or more; p=0.018). Among the sub-items, friendships were associated with lower adverse outcome onset.

Higher social functioning was associated with the low onset of adverse outcomes among older adults under LTC. Enhancing social functions, including friendships, may be crucial for prognosis in LTC.
Higher social functioning was associated with the low onset of adverse outcomes among older adults under LTC. Enhancing social functions, including friendships, may be crucial for prognosis in LTC.
Evidence regarding the primary preventive effects of statin in the elderly is inadequate. This study aimed to determine the duration and intensity of statins beneficial in adults aged ≥75 years for primary prevention.

This is a retrospective longitudinal study, using the National Health Insurance Corporation-Senior Cohort data from 2002 to 2015. Exact block matching was used to select comparable subjects from statin users and non-users.

The study subjects consisted of 685 pairs of statin non-users and users (total number of 1,370). During the follow-up (mean 8.7 years) period, the adjusted HR for mortality compared to non-user was 0.95 (p=0.71) in low intensity statin users and 0.80 (p=0.002) in the moderate intensity statin groups. The adjusted HR for MACE (Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events) compared to non-users was 1.10 (p=0.39) in the low intensity statin group and 1.29 (p=0.001) in the moderate intensity statin group. The risk of MACE disappeared five years after in moderate intensity statin users. Moderate intensity statin use was significantly associated with an increased risk of NODM (New Onset Diabetes Mellitus) (HR 1.50, p < 0.001) for up to three years, but the risk faded away after five years (HR 0.90, p=0.52).

Moderate intensity statins taken for five or more years for primary prevention would be associated with low risk of all-cause mortality in the 75+ years old. This result may support the evidence that initiation of statin for primary prevention in patients aged over 75 years is beneficial and tolerable.
Moderate intensity statins taken for five or more years for primary prevention would be associated with low risk of all-cause mortality in the 75+ years old. This result may support the evidence that initiation of statin for primary prevention in patients aged over 75 years is beneficial and tolerable.
It remains unclear how falls affect older people's social relations. In particular, the characteristics of fallers in their second half of life are unclear. Several studies have reported that people with a low educational level fall more often, and that low educational level is a predictor for perceived social exclusion. We conducted the first longitudinal analysis on the association between falls and social relations among people of different educational levels.

Longitudinal data were used from two waves (2014 and 2017) of the German Ageing Survey with an analytical sample of 11,227 individuals aged≥40 years. Fall history in the past 12 months (yes; no) was assessed. Perceived social exclusion (outcome measure) was assessed using a validated scale developed by Bude and Lantermann. Loneliness (outcome measure) was measured using a short form of the validated De Jong Gierveld Loneliness Scale.

Controlling for various potential confounding variables, fixed effects regression analysis stratified by educational level and gender revealed that experiencing a fall was associated with greater perceived social exclusion (β=0.21 p<0.05) among men with low/medium educational level. The experience of a fall was not associated with increased loneliness.

Our results suggest an association between falls and feelings of social exclusion. This association was found only for men in their second half of life with low/medium educational level. Falls were not associated with loneliness.
Our results suggest an association between falls and feelings of social exclusion. This association was found only for men in their second half of life with low/medium educational level. Falls were not associated with loneliness.
This study investigates the contextual association between types of community-level social participation and functional disability.

We used 6-year prospective cohort data from the Japan Gerontological Evaluation Study 2010-2016, a nationwide survey of 35,519 functionally independent older adults (mean age 73.30±5.91 years, 49.6% females). The incidence of functional disability was obtained from municipal long-term care insurance databases. Social participation was assessed at individual and community levels and was categorized as volunteer, sports, hobby and neighborhood groups, and senior citizen clubs. We calculated the 95% confidence interval (CI) and the hazard ratio (HR) by applying a three-level multilevel survival analysis.

During the 6-year observation period, the onset of functional disability occurred among 3473 adults. A higher prevalence of sports (HR 0.88, 95% CI 0.80 to 0.96) and hobby group participation (HR 0.91, 95% CI 0.87 to 0.96) showed significant contextual relationships with functional disability after adjusting for potential confounders. Among females, community-level neighborhood group participation significantly lowered the incidence of functional disability (HR 0.87, 95% CI 0.76 to 0.998).

We found a beneficial effect of a contextual relationship between community-level sports and hobby group participation and functional disability among older adults. Moreover, females benefited a lot from community-level social participation. We propose that promoting sports and hobby groups in a community may help to prevent functional disability among older adults.
We found a beneficial effect of a contextual relationship between community-level sports and hobby group participation and functional disability among older adults. Moreover, females benefited a lot from community-level social participation. We propose that promoting sports and hobby groups in a community may help to prevent functional disability among older adults.
Follicular-patterned thyroid neoplasms (FPTNs), characterized by predominantly follicular growth pattern, represent diverse pathological entities. We aimed to study the nuclear features and the immunoexpression of trophoblast cell-surface antigen 2 (TROP-2) and 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) in FPTNs.

FPTNs were divided into 4 groups I) noninvasive follicular thyroid neoplasm with papillary-like nuclear features (NIFTP), II) encapsulated follicular variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma (FVPTC) with capsular invasion, III) infiltrative FVPTC, and IV) PTC with a predominantly follicular pattern and well-formed papillae (<1%). Nuclear characteristics were evaluated by image analysis. TROP-2 and 5hmC immunostains were analyzed correlating with histological features using QuPath.

From the group I to II, III, and IV, there is a gradual increase in nuclear atypia in terms of the nuclear area, max caliper, perimeter, circularity, and hematoxylin OD means (corresponding to nuclear enlargement, membrane irregcriterion for NIFTP. Therefore, well-formed papillae even if very minute ( less then 1% of the tumor) should not be overlooked.Adrenal cysts are rare, benign, and usually asymptomatic, being detected as an incidental finding on imaging methods. Adrenal Cysts of Lymphatic Origin (ACLO) and Adrenal Lymphangiomas (AL) are types of endothelial cyst and are the most prevalent subtype in this series. This study aims to present a single institutional experience of these rare cysts and compare their features with those found in the review of existing literature on ACLO and AL. Overall, thirteen cases of adrenal cysts were diagnosed and surgically excised during the study period, onto which we performed immunohistochemistry using a panel of antibodies (CD31, CD34, Pan Cytokeratin AE-1/AE-3, Factor VII, D2-40, and ERG). Four cases of ACLO and two AL were found. The lesions predominantly affected right adrenal, and the majority of patients were middle-age females, of Caucasian ethnicity, and asymptomatic. In our literature review, we found 108 cases of ACLO/AL from 57 articles with similar sex and age distribution. The diagnosis and subclassification of adrenal cysts are challenging, and there is a significant overlapping between the definition of ACLO and AL.
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