Notes

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The first report of Phimodera flori Fieber, 1863 (Hemiptera Heteroptera Scutelleridae) in the Balkan Peninsula (Mt. Olympus, Greece) is presented. This continental European and Central Asian species is rare in southern Europe where it has been found only at high altitudes of the Alps and the Pyrenees so far. It has been regarded as extinct from the 1970's in many countries. The species is recorded for the first time for Greece, being Mt. Olympus the southernmost known locality.Graziaedessa anastrephae (Heteroptera Pentatomidae Edessinae) a new genus and species collected in Multilure® fruit fly traps baited with ammonium acetate and putrescine. During a survey for fruit flies (Anastrepha spp., Diptera, Tephritidae) in Peru, specimens of a previously undescribed genus and species of Edessinae were collected in Multilure® fruit fly traps baited with a combination of ammonium acetate and putrescine. BPTES chemical structure The new taxon, Graziaedessa anastrephae n. g., n. sp., resembles species of the edessine genus Hypoxys Amyot Serville but is smaller and the thoracic sternal structure is unique, consisting of an enlarged metasternal process which is bifurcate posteriorly but simple and rounded anteriorly, reaching for a short length onto the mesosternum and continued by a mesial carina on the mesosternum. Graziaedessa n. g. and G. anastrephae n. sp. are described and figured and compared to other genera of Edessinae.The E. ovina group of species is proposed here to include Edessa ovina Dallas, 1851 from Trinidad and Tobago, Colombia, Paraguay, Brazil, Argentina (new records) and Guyana; E. impura Bergroth, 1891 from Brazil and Argentina (new record); E. sahlbergii Stål, 1872 restricted to Brazil; and E. graziae sp. nov. from Brazil and Argentina. The E. ovina group can be identified by the apex of the second pair of wings narrowing distally and by a tumid area on the ventral surface of the pygophore (male genitalia) projected posteriorly. Descriptions, measurements, and illustrations of the metasternal process, external and internal genitalia of male and female are provided. A map with the distribution of the species is presented. The holotype of Edessa ovina is designated here. Edessa argali Breddin, 1903 is considered a junior synonym of E. impura. Females of E. ovina and E. impura, and male of E. sahlbergii are described for the first time.The Ochlerini (Discocephalinae) are endemic in the Neotropical region, and the tribe currently contains 38 genera and 149 species. The monotypic Macropygium Spinola, 1837 is the most widespread ochlerine genus in the Americas, ranging from Mexico to Argentina. Macropygium reticulare (Fabricius, 1803) is one of the few Ochlerini of phytosanitary importance, transmitting Phytomonas spp. in palm crops in South America. Nonetheless its wide distribution, and phytosanitary importance, the taxonomy of Macropygium has been neglected. Here we present a revision of Macropygium, revalidate three species, Macropygium spinolae Stål, 1860, REVISED STATUS (removed from the synonymy with M. reticulare), Macropygium bifidum (Westwood, 1837), NEW COMBINATION (removed from the synonymy with M. reticulare), and Macropygium subsulcatum (Amyot Serville, 1843), REVISED STATUS (removed from the synonymy with M. reticulare). We remove Ochlerus guttipes Walker, 1867 from the synonymy with M. reticulare, and propose O. guttipes a new junior synonym of M. spinolae. Finally, we describe one new species, Macropygium graziae Silva Campos, Sp. Nov.. A key for the species of Macropygium is provided.The pentatomid genus Placocoris Mayr is removed from Pentatominae and placed in Discocephalinae Ochlerini based on the trichobothrial arrangement. Within the Ochlerini Placocoris shares characteristics with a clade composed of Adoxoplatys and allies including the rostrum arising anteriorad, abdomen with tubercle at middle base received by a notch in the metasternum, bucculae confluent posteriorly, pronotum flat, and a double row of spines on the femora. It appears to share the same host plants with Neoadoxoplatys, species of bamboo. It is further concluded that the genus Chrysodarecus Breddin is a junior synonym of Placocoris Mayr.The Heteroptera (true bugs) and its fourth-largest family Pentatomidae (stink bugs) are worldwide distributed groups with higher diversity in the tropics. The pentatomid subfamily Discocephalinae is almost restricted to the Neotropical Region, and it is divided into the tribes Discocephalini and Ochlerini. Eurystethus Mayr, 1864 is placed within Discocephalini and comprises 18 species, 16 out of them classified into two subgenera. Here we describe Eurystethus jo sp. nov., Eurystethus multipunctatus sp. nov., and Eurystethus rufodorsatus sp. nov., all occurring in Brazil, compare them to other species and provide a distribution map.The presumed lost type of Arma pallipes Dallas is found and Thomas's (1992) neotype is hereby set aside (ICZN 1999, Art. 75.8). A. pallipes is proposed as junior subjective synonym of Podisus ventralis (Dallas). A lectotype designation by inference of holotype (Gaedike 1971) is accepted for the female typical specimen of P. neniator deposited at Senckenberg Deutsches Entomologisches Institut (SDEI, Müncheberg, Germany) (ICZN 1999, Art. 74.6). Two new species of Podisus Herrich-Schäffer are described Podisus graziae Brugnera, Roell Lemaître sp. nov. and Podisus thomasi Lemaître, Roell Brugnera sp. nov. Photographs of all types as well as of live specimens are provided.A new genus, Graziasternum gen. nov., with two new species, Graziasternum graziae sp. nov. and Graziasternum joceliae sp. nov. are described. According to external thoracic and genital structures, this new genus is considered to be the closest extant relative known to the genus Placosternum Amyot Serville. Discussion of its possible phylogenetic position based on structure comparison, with the discussion on the importance of the characteristics of the thoracic sterna, the genital structures with other genera or groups of genera that share similar structures is given. Additionally, the two new species are keyed and illustrated.The genus Surenus Distant, 1901 (Hemiptera Heteroptera Pentatomoidea Pentatomidae Pentatominae Halyini) is revisited and found to be a junior subjective synonym of the genus Agathocles Stål, 1876 (currently Pentatominae Rolstoniellini). The genus Agathocles and its type species, Agathocles limbatus Stål, 1876, are redescribed. Lectotype of Surenus normalis Distant, 1901 (= Agathocles normalis (Distant, 1901) comb. nov.) is designated and the unknown male of the species is described. Agathocles yunnanensis Zhang Lin, 1984, syn. nov., is considered junior subjective synonym of A. limbatus. Two new species are described Agathocles flavipes sp. nov. from India (Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Maharashtra, and Tamil Nadu) and A. joceliae sp. nov. from Malaysia (Kelantan, Perak). The new species differ from their congeners mainly by the morphology of mandibular plates, length of antennomeres I, IIa and IIb, body length, and structure of male genitalia. Agathocles dubius Distant, 1921 is transferred to the genus Caystrusnera Halys Fabricius, 1803 (Halyini), Caystrus (Caystrini), Laprius Stål, 1861 (Myrocheini), and Exithemus Distant, 1902 (currently in Rolstoniellini). As a result, the genus Agathocles is here transferred to the tribe Caystrini. The genus Kyrtalus Van Duzee, 1929 is tentatively placed in Myrocheini based on the presence of sulcate mesosternum and femora provided with teeth.Carpocorini is the largest tribe of Pentatominae, containing 127 genera and more than 500 species distributed worldwide. A new genus, Jocezia n. gen., and a new species, Jocezia inusitata n. sp., from Argentina are described and illustrated. The new genus is included in the Hypatropis group, together with the genera Hypatropis, Amauromelpia, Luridocimex and Stysiana, and characterized by the head in lateral view with the mandibular plates in a higher level than clypeus and the absence of parameres. An updated key to the Hypatropis group genera is provided.The Carpocorini are distributed worldwide, and it is one of the most speciose tribes within the Pentatomidae with 127 genera and more than 500 valid species. Recently, Adustonotus Bianchi was described to contain eight species formerly placed within Euschistus Dallas. Among them, Adustonotus grandis (Rolston) and Adustonotus latus (Dallas) are remarkable for their large size. Herein, the phylogenetic position of a new taxon is inferred by a total evidence analysis based on 85 morphological characters and four molecular markers. Adustonotus graziae sp. nov. is described, and is recovered in a polytomic lineage, including A. grandis and A. latus. These species share a solid combination of features that enable them to be separated from the other Adustonotus species (e.g., large size, the humeral angles spatulate and exceptionally produced, and the capsula seminalis shortened). Illustrations of external and internal genitalia, and a distributional map are provided.The mecideine stink bug genus Mecidea is represented in America north of Mexico by three species Mecidea major Sailor, Mecidea minor Ruckes, and Mecidea longula Stål. M. major and M. minor are widely distributed, occurring collectively from the Midwest to California. M. longula is known only from south Florida. The life histories of M. major and M. minor have been published including laboratory rearing from egg to adult and descriptions of the immature stages. However, no key has been developed for identification of the nymphs of these two species. Here, we present a key to the nymphs of these taxa to the species and instar levels.Several stink bugs in the subfamily Pentatominae are crop pests or have the potential to damage plants of economic importance. In the Brazilian state of Rio Grande do Sul, where agriculture plays a major role in the economy, the knowledge about pest stink bugs is fragmented and, in some instances, outdated. This work provides a summary of Pentatominae species recorded in Rio Grande do Sul feeding on the four most important grain crops for the state, i.e. soybean, rice, maize, and wheat, plus canola, an emerging crop. This survey is enhanced with new records from scientific collections, a short diagnosis for each species, distribution maps, an identification key, and carefully illustrated to allow for species recognition in the field. With this work, we aim to reunite the scattered knowledge of the group in one single revision, and provide a useful tool for identifying the pest stink bugs of Rio Grande do Sul.Pentatomoidea is the third largest superfamily in Heteroptera. The internal systematics and classification of this superfamily have an intricate history. The paper by Grazia et al. (2008) is a milestone to the phylogenetic hypothesis of Pentatomoidea. Subsequent papers explored the limited conclusions and unanswered questions left by Grazia et al. (2008). We proposed to look at the body of knowledge produced since Grazia et al. (2008) and to compile the molecular data for Pentatomoidea deposited in Genbank to achieve three aims (i) to evaluate the advances on the phylogenetic relationships of the Pentatomoidea; (ii) to produce a phylogenetic hypothesis based on molecular data deposited in Genbank; and (iii) to highlight the shortcomings and strengths of the available data. We retrieved sequences of four molecular markers (COI, 16S, 18S, and 28S) for 167 terminal taxa, including 149 pentatomoids. A concatenated matrix was analyzed under maximum likelihood (ML) and parsimony (MP). Both methods supported the monophyly of Pentatomoidea, and poorly resolved internal relationships among the families.
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