Notes

Connection in between NT-proBNP Stage along with the Harshness of COVID-19 Pneumonia.
This paper elucidates various drugs that have been studied for their potent contributionin treatmentand management of PD and also reviews and acknowledges the efforts of several scientists who successfully established various NDDS approaches for these drugs for the management of PD.
α-Amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitors are widely used to suppress postprandial glycemia in the treatment of type 2 diabetes.

To evaluate the metallic content, major phytoconstituents, and α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitory activity of Musa balbisiana rhizome using in-vitro and in-silico methods.

Heavy metal content was detected by AAS following standard protocol. Major phytochemicals of the plant were analysed by GC-MS technique. Enzyme inhibition study was carried out by UV/VIS spectrophotometric methods. The druglikeness and bioavailability properties of major compounds were carried out using computer-aided tools - SwissADME and ADMElab. Docking and visualization were performed in AutoDock vina and Discovery studio tools.

The study found that the fruits of M. balbisiana contain negligible amount toxic elements. GC-MS analysis showed five major compounds from the rhizome of M. balbisiana. In-vitro enzyme assays revealed strong α-amylase and αglucosidase inhibitory property of the plant. All the five compounds were predicted to have druglikeness property with high cell membrane permeability and bioavailability. The compounds were also predicted to have low to moderate toxicity property. The Docking study showed strong binding affinities of plant compounds with α-amylase and α-glucosidase. Out of five compounds, C5 showed best binding affinity with active pockets of α-amylase and α-glucosidase.

The present in-vitro and in-silico study suggests the antihyperglycemic property of the rhizome of Musa balbisiana and possible candidate for therapeutic antidiabetic agent(s).
The present in-vitro and in-silico study suggests the antihyperglycemic property of the rhizome of Musa balbisiana and possible candidate for therapeutic antidiabetic agent(s).Chagas disease results from infection with the trypanosomatid parasite Trypanosoma cruzi. Progress in developing new drugs has been hampered by the long term and complex nature of the condition and by our limited understanding of parasite biology. Technical difficulties in assessing the parasite burden during the chronic stage of infection have also proved to be a particular challenge. In this context, the development of non-invasive, highly sensitive bioluminescence imaging procedures, based on parasites that express a red-shifted luciferase, has greatly enhanced our ability to monitor infections in experimental models. Applications of this methodology have led to new insights into tissue tropism and infection dynamics, and have been a major driver in drug development. The system has been further modified by the generation of parasite reporter lines that express bioluminescentfluorescent fusion proteins, an advance that has allowed chronic infections in mice to be examined at a cellular level. By exploiting bioluminescence to identify the rare sites of tissue infection, and fluorescence to detect T. cruzi at the level of individual host cells in histological sections, it has been possible to investigate the replication and differentiation status of parasites in vivo and to examine the cellular environment of infection foci. In combination, these data are providing a framework for the detailed dissection of disease pathogenesis and drug activity.Enhancer-promoter interactions (EPIs) in the human genome are of great significance to transcriptional regulation which tightly controls gene expression. Identification of EPIs can help us better deciphering gene regulation and understanding disease mechanisms. However, experimental methods to identify EPIs are constrained by the fund, time and manpower while computational methods using DNA sequences and genomic features are viable alternatives. Deep learning methods have shown promising prospects in classification and efforts that have been utilized to identify EPIs. In this survey, we specifically focus on sequence-based deep learning methods and conduct a comprehensive review of the literatures of them. We first briefly introduce existing sequence-based frameworks on EPIs prediction and their technique details. After that, we elaborate on the dataset, pre-processing means and evaluation strategies. Finally, we discuss the challenges these methods are confronted with and suggest several future opportunities.Atherosclerotic cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases are among the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Given our recent understanding of its role as a small-molecule antioxidant and anti- inflammatory agent, hydrogen may play an important role in preventing and treating atherosclerotic cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease. In the past decade, more than 50 publications in the English language literature considered the role of hydrogen as an anti-atherosclerotic agent. In this review, we summarized the pathophysiological characteristics and risk factors associated with atherosclerosis (AS) and the laboratory research data that focuses on hydrogen to prevent and treat this condition, including the responses observed in both animal models and human studies. We will also consider the molecular mechanisms underlying the efficacy of hydrogen molecules with respect to atherosclerotic disease. Future studies might include clinical trials with larger sample populations as well as experiments designed to explore the molecular mechanisms associated with hydrogen treatment in greater depth.
Due to higher failure rates, lengthy time and high cost of the traditional de novo drug discovery and development process, the rate of opportunity to get new, safe and efficacious drugs for the targeted population, including pediatric patients with cancer, becomes sluggish.

This paper discusses the development of novel anticancer drugs focusing on the identification and selection of targeted anticancer drug development for the targeted population.

Information presented in this review was obtained from different databases, including PUBMED, SCOPUS, Web of Science, and EMBASE. Various keywords were used as search terms.

The pharmaceutical companies currently are executing drug repurposing as an alternative means to accelerate the drug development process that reduces the risk of failure, time and cost, which take 3-12 years with almost 25% overall probability of success as compared to de novo drug discovery and development process (10- 17 years) which has less than 10% probability of success. An alternascover and develop novel anticancer drug candidates.
Modern medicine has provided considerable knowledge of the pathophysiology of mental disorders at the body, systemic, organ and neurochemical levels of the biological organization of the body. Modern clinical diagnostics of depression have some problems, that is why psychiatric society makes use of diagnostics and taxonomy of different types of depression by implemention of modern molecular biomarkers in diagnostic procedures. But up to now, there are no reliable biomarkers of major depressive disorder (MDD) and other types of depression.

The purpose of this review is to find fundamentals in pathological mechanisms of depression, which could be a basis for development of molecular and genetic biomarkers, being the most feasible for clinical use.

This review summarizes the published data using PubMed, Science Direct, Google Scholar and Scopus.

In this review, we summarized and discussed findings in molecular biology, genetics, neuroplasticity, neurotransmitters, and neuroimaging that could increase ourpression and different types of it . HPA axis can be a candidate for such trigger in depression caused by stress, because it influences the main branches of disease neuroinflammation, activity of biogenic amines, oxidative and nitrosative stress, epigenetic factors, metabolomics, etc. Coelenterazine price But before we shall find any trigger mechanism, we need to create complex biomarkers reflecting genetic, epigenetic, metabolomics and other pathological changes in different types of depression. Recently the most encouraging results have been obtained from genetics and neuroimaging. Continuing research in these areas should be forced by using computational, statistical and systems biology approaches, which can allow to obtain more knowledge about the neurobiology of depression. In order to obtain clinically useful tests, search for biomarkers should use appropriate research methodologies with increasing samples and identifying more homogeneous groups of depressed patients.The native flora of Chile has unique characteristics due to the geographical situation of the country, with the vast desert in the North, Patagonia in the South, the Andean Mountains on the east and the Pacific Ocean on the west. This exclusivity is reflected in high concentrations of phytochemicals in the fruits and leaves of its native plants. Some examples are Aristotelia chilensis (Molina), Stuntz (maqui), Berberis microphylla G. Forst. link2 (calafate), Peumus boldus Molina (boldo), Ribes magellanicum Poir. (Magellan currant), Ugni molinae Turcz. (murtilla), Rubus geoides Sm. (miñe miñe), Drimys winteri J.R.Forst. & G.Forst. (canelo), Luma apiculata (DC.) Burret (arrayán) distributed throughout the entire Chilean territory. Some of these Chilean plants have been used for centuries in the country's traditional medicine. The most recent studies of phytochemical characterization of parts of Chilean plants show a wide spectrum of antioxidant compounds, phenolic components, terpenoids and alkaloids, which have shown biological activity in both in vitro and in vivo studies. This manuscript covers the entire Chilean territory characterizing the phytochemical profile and reporting some of its biological properties, focusing mainly on antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, chemopreventive and cytotoxic activity, and potential against diabetes, metabolic syndrome and gastrointestinal disorders.The development of biodegradable nanoparticles is an important tool for the biological transport of chemical compounds. The nanoencapsulation reduces the biopharmaceutical and pharmacokinetic drawbacks of compounds and enhances their biological properties. Naturally occurring polymers such as proteins and polysaccharides have been widely applied in the development of nanostructured systems of several therapeutic agents. Among them is chitosan, a crustaceancarapace-chitin derived biopolymer. link3 In addition to its biocompatibility and biodegradability, chitosan is known for its mucoadhesion properties. Chitosan-based nanostructured systems potentiate most of aspects of the loaded drugs, including cellular transport and other biological effects. The use of chitosan nanoparticles enhances permeation, stability, and bioactivity of natural compounds. In this review, an overview of the main features of chitosan nanoparticles that improved in vitro and in vivo effects of bioactive natural molecules is given, emphasizing the results obtained with curcumin.
Pulmonary arterial hypertension is one of the chronic diseases that affect the human health. Microvesicles participate in the communication between cells by fusing with the recipient cells to transfer the bioactive molecules, such as lipids, proteins, RNA, etc., to the target cells. Microvesicles are involved in various biological processes, and have the functions of regulating immunity, promoting angiogenesis and so on. Microvesicles derived from various cells may become diagnostic biomarkers or therapeutic targets to the diseases. Therefore, exploring the role of microvesicles-mediated cell communication has become a potential therapeutic target to pulmonary arterial hypertension.

It is to clarify the classification, features and mechanism of microvesicles in cell communication, and to discuss the potential important roles of microvesicles-mediated cell communication in pulmonary arterial hypertension.

Inflammation is an important the pathogenesis of pulmonary arterial hypertension. Many studies have shown that microvesicles from different cells can participate in the pathological process of PAH by transferring the inflammatory factors contained in them.
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