Notes

Possible solution biomarkers from the metabolomics study of autism.
There is a high burden of human papillomavirus (HPV) associated cancers in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Reducing the recommended dosing schedule from two doses to one makes the vaccine schedule logistically simpler and lowers the cost. This could make the distribution of the current vaccine supply more equitable and lead to the protection of more people. However, the clinical trials studying the efficacy of a single-dose schedule have not yet delivered final results. Against this background, the question is whether a single-dose HPV vaccine recommendation is appropriate now, and if so, what are the ethical considerations of such a recommendation? We developed three ethical recommendations (1) adopt a holistic view of evidence to justify policy decisions; (2) prioritize the reduction in global disparities in decision-making at all levels; and (3) be transparent in the reporting of how key stakeholder interests have shaped the collection and interpretation of the evidence, and ultimate decisions. The complex discussion regarding the HPV single-dose vaccine schedule highlights the need for in-depth engagement globally to improve our understanding of country-specific contexts, and how those contexts influence decisions regarding the HPV vaccine single-dose recommendation.Background Achilles tendon ruptures are devastating injuries for National Basketball Association (NBA) players prior studies have demonstrated decreased performance following return-to-play, but none have evaluated the effect of injury on rate-adjusted contextual statistics to assess the true change in performance. Additionally, there exists a paucity of data on the independent impact on defensive performance following return.Hypothesis Compared to both control-matched peers and preoperative careers, we hypothesize that player production based on rate-adjusted contextual statistics will significantly decline following Achilles tendon rupture.Study design Retrospective Cohort StudyMethods Publicly available NBA injury data on Achilles tendon rupture were reviewed from the 1996 -1997 to the 2016-2017 seasons. Controls were matched based on height, position, age, and rate-adjusted statistics. Extracted data included Value over Replacement Player Rating, Box Plus-Minus, Win Shares, offensive rating, defensive ratl relevance Achilles tendon ruptures significantly affect basketball players ability to return-to-play, and their in-game performance.Level of evidence 3.Production of cellulolytic and xylanolytic enzymes by Sporotrichum thermophile was enhanced using response surface methodology in solid-state fermentation (SSF) using wheat straw and cotton oil cake. Cellulolytic and xylanolytic enzymes were partially purified by ammonium sulfate precipitation followed by ion exchange and gel filtration chromatographic techniques. Xylanase of S. thermophile is neutral xylanase displaying optimal activity at 60 °C with Km and Vmax values of 0.2 mg/mL and 238.05 µmole/min, respectively. All cellulases produced by the thermophilic mold showed optimal activity at pH 5.0 and 60 °C with Km values of 0.312 mg/mL, 0.113 mg/mL, and 0.285 mM for carboxymethyl cellulase (CMCase), filter paper cellulase (FPase), and β-glucosidase, respectively and while Vmax values were 181.81, 138.88, and 66.67 µmole/min, respectively. The presence of various metal ions (Ca2+ and Co2+), chemical reagent (glutaraldehyde), and surfactants (Tween 80 and Triton X-100) significantly improved the activities of all enzymes. All the enzymes showed high storage stability under low temperature (-20 and 4 °C) conditions. Cellulolytic and xylanolytic enzymes resulted in enhanced liberation of reducing sugars (356.34 mg/g) by hydrolyzing both cellulosic and hemicellulosic fractions of ammonia-pretreated rice straw as compared to other pretreatment methods used in the study. Fermentation of enzymatic hydrolysate resulted in the formation of 28.88 and 27.18 g/L of bioethanol in separate hydrolysis and fermentation (SHF) process by Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Pichia stipitis, respectively. Therefore, cellulolytic and xylanolytic enzymes of S. thermophile exhibited ideal properties of biocatalysts useful in the saccharification of cellulosic and hemicellulosic fractions of rice straw for the production of bioethanol.
Few Nigerian studies have examined BMI in people with schizophrenia. The aims of the present study were to assess the prevalence and distribution of obesity in Nigerians with schizophrenia and to examine the clinical correlates of BMI and obesity.

A total of 207 people with schizophrenia met the inclusion criteria and were evaluated for BMI.The Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS), Social and Occupational Functioning Assessment Scale (SOFAS) were rated for all participants. Anthropometric measures such as weight and height were taken using a standard protocol.

The prevalence of obesity was 12.6%. The non-obese participants were made up of underweight 24 (11.7%), normal weight 118 (57%) and overweight 38 (18.4%). Compared to non-obese participants, obese participants were older, more educated, more likely to be employed, had higher incomes, lower PANSS score (negative subscale), had fewer female participants, and better social and occupational functioning (

<
0.05). BMI was positively correlated with age and monthly income. In the adjusted model, age, gender and education were independently associated with obesity while only age was associated with BMI.

The present study suggests that unlike in high-income countries, obese patients with schizophrenia in Nigeria have better social and psychological functioning than non-obese patients.
The present study suggests that unlike in high-income countries, obese patients with schizophrenia in Nigeria have better social and psychological functioning than non-obese patients.
To describe the contribution of women radiobiologists in Ireland to the development of the discipline internationally and at home and to discuss the history of radiobiology in Ireland to date. This parallels the history of the evolution of a small radiobiology group in Kevin Street, Dublin Institute of Technology (DIT) which was formerly part of the City of Dublin Vocational Education Committee. There followed years of development first as a radiobiological research center which evolved in the FOCAS Research Institute now embedded within Technological University Dublin (TU Dublin).

Over the last 45years, the women of the Radiation and Environmental Science Centre (RESC) contributed to the major paradigm shift in low dose radiobiology contributing exciting new research concerning non-targeted effects, including discovery of lethal mutations, medium transfer bystander mechanisms, and signaling pathways. They also developed translational research using human explant culture systems with unique immunocytochemical methods and more recently evolved to molecular and spectroscopic analysis of clinical samples. The RESC also developed unique invitro research methods into effects of radiation on non-human species of concern in ecosystems.
Over the last 45 years, the women of the Radiation and Environmental Science Centre (RESC) contributed to the major paradigm shift in low dose radiobiology contributing exciting new research concerning non-targeted effects, including discovery of lethal mutations, medium transfer bystander mechanisms, and signaling pathways. They also developed translational research using human explant culture systems with unique immunocytochemical methods and more recently evolved to molecular and spectroscopic analysis of clinical samples. The RESC also developed unique in vitro research methods into effects of radiation on non-human species of concern in ecosystems.Genetic analysis of porcine growth and fatness traits is beneficial to the swine industry and provides a reference to understand human obesity. Here, we obtained 29 growth and fatness traits for 473 individuals from a White Duroc × Erhualian F3 intercross population. Basic statistical analyses showed that (1) Positive correlations between different-stage body weights were detected, the shorter the time interval the stronger the correlation. (2) Strong correlations existed in the paired fatness traits. (3) With the growth of age, the correlation between fatness and body weight was increasing. All pigs were genotyped by Illumina 50 K SNP chips and their whole-genome genotypes were imputed referred to 109 re-sequencing data. We performed common and imputation-based GWASs for these traits. Two genome-wide significant loci on swine chromosome (SSC) 4 and 7 were repeatedly detected. The strongest association (P = 3.24 × 10-19) was detected at 31.96 Mb on SSC7 for leaf fat weight. On this locus, seven major haplotypes were identified, of which two were novel and had an increasing-fatness effect. In the imputation-based GWAS, three new loci were identified. Our findings provide further insights into and enhance our understanding of genetic mechanism of porcine growth and fat deposition.Passive immunization with polyclonal hyper immunoglobulin (HIG) therapy represents a proven strategy by transferring immunoglobulins to patients to confer immediate protection against a range of pathogens including infectious agents and toxins. Distinct from active immunization, the protection is passive and the immunoglobulins will clear from the system; therefore, administration of an effective dose must be maintained for prophylaxis or treatment until a natural adaptive immune response is mounted or the pathogen/agent is cleared. The current review provides an overview of this technology, key considerations to address different pathogens, and suggested improvements. The review will reflect on key learnings from development of HIGs in the response to public health threats due to Zika, influenza, and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2.Distal phalanx fractures are the most common injuries of the hand, and K-wire fixation is commonly performed for unstable fractures. However, there is no consensus regarding the number of K-wires to use in bone fixation. We aimed to compare the results between single and dual K-wire pinning. This retrospective study enrolled patients who underwent K-wire pinning for unstable distal phalanx fractures, including the shaft and tuft, from June 2016 through April 2020. We divided patients into two groups based on the number of K-wires used for bone fixation (single vs. dual). Clinical and radiographic data were measured and compared between the two groups. Additionally, multivariable logistic analysis was performed to identify the risk factors for nonunion. A total of 80 patients were enrolled. Among them, 27 were managed with a single K-wire and 53 with a dual K-wire. There was no significant difference in the union rate between the single and dual K-wire groups (77.7% vs. 84.9%, respectively), but time to union was significantly longer in the single K-wire group (11.3 vs. 8.4 weeks; p = .003). The presence of a bone gap after fixation was a risk factor for nonunion. Our study showed that the union rate was comparable between single and dual K-wire pinning in distal phalanx fractures. AS1842856 However, dual K-wire pinning shortened the union time.
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