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3% for A-PRF versus 9.1% for the control group. At 90 days, both groups showed total recovery. The control group experienced higher pain level and discomfort until the 14th day, being notably higher on the second day. CONCLUSION  The results suggest that A-PRF membranes haste the healing process, and promote greater reduction along the recovery period and less painful postoperative period.OBJECTIVE  The study evaluated the efficacy of tea tree oil for the treatment of gingivitis. MATERIALS AND METHODS  The tea tree oil was administered in the form of mouthwash and then compared with a mouthwash with chlorhexidine 0.12%. Both treatments were domestic and lasted for 14 days. Patients were chosen according to random criteria, aged between 18 and 60 years, and who showed a clinically evident gingivitis. In clinical evaluation, the following clinical criteria were taken into consideration gingival index (GI), plaque index (PI), bleeding index (BI), probing depth (PD), the presence of dental dyschromia, and the presence of taste alteration. The subjects were evaluated before (T0) and after the treatment (T1), and the data collected for each patient were recorded on a periodontal chart. RESULTS  The comparison showed that tea tree oil offered a better improvement in the evaluation of PI, BOP, and PD; furthermore, it did not cause dental dyschromia and taste alteration. Aminoguanidine hydrochloride purchase In group A, treated with tea tree oil, PI decreased from 53.25 to 5.50% and BI from 38.41 to 4.22%. In group B, treated with chlorhexidine PI decreased from 47.69 to 2.37% and BI from 32.93 to 6.28%. Instead, the subjects using chlorhexidine 0.12% blamed a distaste for the product that caused a slight taste alteration; 20% of them showed iatrogenic dental dyschromia. CONCLUSIONS  The collected data showed the efficacy of both treatments. Although further research works will be necessary, this study showed that tea tree oil could be an effective nontoxic substitute for the therapy of gingivitis.OBJECTIVES  Dentin hypersensitivity (DH) is mainly due to the loss and replenishment of minerals from tooth structure, where the lost minerals can be rehabilitated with a biomimetic approach. The objectives were to determine the relative dentin abrasivity (RDA) of experimental (EXT) dentifrices and to determine the efficacy to occlude dentinal tubules. MATERIALS AND METHODS  Experimental dentifrices contained nano-fluoridated bioactive glass (n-FBG 1.5 wt.% [EXT-A], 2.5 wt.% [EXT-B], and 3.5 wt.% [EXT-C]), nano-zinc oxide (n-ZnO), and thymoquinone as active agents. Bovine dentin blocks were subjected to brushing treatments as per groups, that is, distilled water; commercial dentifrice (control, CT); EXT toothpastes; and EXT-D without active agents. Samples were tested for three-dimensional (3D) abrasion analysis according to ISO-116092010 (International Organization for Standardization [ISO]). The roughness average (Ra), RDA, surface topography, and elemental compositions were investigated. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS  One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with post-hoc Tukey's and Tamhane's test was performed for characterizations using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 21. The result was considered significant with p-value ≤ 0.05. RESULTS  Comparisons of Ra differed significantly between all groups with p less then 0.05 except CT and EXT-A. The RDA values of EXT-A, EXT-B, and EXT-C were calculated as 74.04, 84.26, and 116.24, respectively, which were well within the acceptable limit set by international standards. All n-FBG containing dentifrices demonstrated uniform occlusion of dentinal tubules; however, highly concentrated EXT dentifrices showed more occlusion. CONCLUSIONS  Acceptable range of RDA and superior occlusion of tubules by novel dentifrices suggest that it may be recommended for treating DH.OBJECTIVE  This study aims to combine natural propolis with bovine bone graft (BBG) as a means of extraction socket preservation after 3 and 7 days toward expression of heat shock protein (HSP) 70 and osteocalcin to regenerate bone. MATERIALS AND METHODS  The Cavia cobaya were divided into eight groups, each consisting of seven samples. Their lower left incisors were extracted and induced with PEG, propolis extract, BBG, and a combination of propolis extract BBG. The research subjects were terminated on days 3 and 7 postextraction. Immunohistochemical and histopathological examinations were subsequently performed to observe HSP 70 expression, osteocalcin expression, osteoblasts, and osteoclasts. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS  Data obtained were then analyzed with one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey's honestly significant difference (HSD) tests. RESULTS  Both the groups with the combination of propolis extract and BBG on days 3 and 7 were found to present the highest number of HSP70 expression, osteocalcin expression, and osteoblast cells as well as the lowest number of osteoclasts. CONCLUSION  Both the groups with the combination of propolis extract and BBG on days 3 and 7 were found to present the highest number of HSP70 expression, osteocalcin expression, and osteoblast cells as well as the lowest number of osteoclasts.OBJECTIVES  Different diagnostic criteria were used for diagnosis of peri-implant diseases. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to explore prevalence of peri-implant diseases and subclassify peri-implantitis based on different levels of radiographic and clinical findings. MATERIALS AND METHODS  Two hundred patients having 655 dental implants were included in this study. In addition to clinical measurements, standard long-cone parallel technique was used to evaluate marginal bone level around implants. Following diagnosis of peri-implant diseases, peri-implantitis was further subclassified using a severity leveling in terms of marginal bone level and probing depth. RESULTS  Mean age of 200 subjects was 52.8 ± 12.2 years and 63% were females. In total, bleeding on probing was present in 93% and suppuration in 27% of implants. On subject basis, 2.5% were diagnosed as healthy, 28% with peri-implant mucositis (PM), and 69.5% with peri-implantitis, whereas on implant basis, 3.6% were healthy, 36% presented PM, and 60.
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