Notes

Anomalous Temperature-Controlled Concave-Convex Switching of Curved Oil-Water Menisci.
Melanonychia has many causes and can involve one or several fingernails or toenails, and may occur at any age. Dermoscopy is used routinely in the evaluation of a pigmented nail. If pigmentation is caused by melanin produced by nail matrix, identify whether the pigmentation is caused by an activation or proliferation of nail melanocytes. When melanocytic proliferation is suspected, biopsy with histopathologic examination is the gold standard for diagnosis and is recommended when a longitudinal melanonychia occurs in an adult and is localized in a single digit, in the absence of local or systemic causes that may explain its onset.Bacterial and viral infections of the nail unit are very common as primary infections, especially bacterial paronychia and warts, but they can also be superinfections complicating other nail disorders. In many nail unit infections, the clinical presentation is nonspecific in these cases, diagnostic tests are mandatory before treatment, to avoid spread of the infection and drug resistance. The most common forms of bacterial and viral infections that may affect the nail unit are herein described in detail, with diagnostic and treatment options provided.Many pediatric nail findings are normal variants and are no cause for alarm. Others represent congenital abnormalities or genetic syndromes for which there is no cure. https://www.selleckchem.com/products/ins018-055-ism001-055.html Still others are inflammatory or infectious entities that require treatment. Pediatric nail disorders are reviewed, along with management.Nail lichen planus is an inflammatory disorder of the nails with potential for significant cosmetic disfigurement and functional impairment. Nail manifestations may be isolated or appear concurrently with other forms of lichen planus. Longitudinal ridging is the most common clinical finding, but progressive disease may result in irreversible scarring (dorsal pterygium) or permanent nail loss (anonychia). Data on treatment are limited to retrospective studies and case reports. The mainstays of treatment are intralesional and intramuscular corticosteroid injections and oral retinoids. There is a need for randomized controlled trials on nail lichen planus to more rigorously assess efficacy and outcomes.Nail psoriasis is a chronic nail disorder that requires personalized treatment. General prophylactic measures are suggested for all patients. Topical treatment is considered when treating a few-nail disease, with involvement of 3 or fewer nails, without joint involvement and without (or with mild) skin psoriasis. The ideal formulation should be ointment, solution, or foam. When moderate to severe skin psoriasis or psoriatic arthritis coexists, systemic treatment is suggested. This also should be considered when more than 3 nails are affected or significant impairment of quality of life is present. Conventional systemic agents, biologics, and small molecules are highly efficacious.Psoriasis may affect the skin, scalp, joints, and nails and is common in older adults. Intramatrical injections with triamcinolone acetonide are safe and effective in older individuals. Conventional systemic medications are relatively effective, but side effects, including laboratory abnormalities and drug interactions, are particularly common among older adults. Biologic medications have shown excellent efficacy in treating nail psoriasis. Their safety profile is favorable, but data assessing long-term safety are lacking. Randomized controlled trials in older adults exclusively are necessary to develop evidence-based treatment guidelines in this population.Nail involvement is common in patients with cutaneous psoriasis, which is prevalent among older adults. Nail psoriasis greatly impacts patients' quality of life and self-esteem. Concomitant psoriatic arthritis is common. Treating nail psoriasis in the geriatric population may be challenging. General nail care measures may prevent exacerbations. Topical therapy is relatively effective, with a low rate of adverse events and little to no risk of systemic toxicity or drug interactions. However, application under occlusion may be cumbersome. There is a need for randomized controlled clinical trials in the elderly population to make more evidence-based treatment guidelines.The cutaneous paraneoplastic syndromes are rare and intrinsically devoid of any neoplastic nature. The manifestations on the skin and the nails are due to various mechanisms caused by the tumor, either due to production of bioactive substances or in response to it. These disorders evolve in parallel to the malignancy, in that, they regress when the tumor is removed and reappear in the case of tumor recurrence. The aim of this article is to aid with the early recognition of the signs, leading to the early detection of cancer and therefore to better clinical outcomes for the patients.Describing and listing all nail symptoms and signs in systemic disorders has already been widely detailed in dedicated textbooks. To be tutorial, this article described most common nails signs and the systemic disorders one may encounter in routine dermatologic consultation. Capsule summaries are presented for each section.
As of November 2020, the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID 19) has infected more than 396,000 people in the Philippines. Although no study has been done on malnutrition among a general cohort of patients with COVID 19, it has long been associated with increased mortality and poor long-term outcomes. We aimed to determine the prevalence of malnutrition among patients with COVID 19 admitted in a tertiary government hospital.

Cross-sectional study on COVID 19-confirmed patients admitted to the COVID 19 wards from July 15 to September 15, 2020. Nutritional status was assessed using the Philippine Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition (PhilSPEN) modified Subjective Global Assessment Grade (SGA) tool. Malnutrition was defined as those with SGA grades B and C. Chi-square test or Fisher exact test of association, as appropriate, was used to identify factors that have a significant association with malnutrition. Furthermore, logistic regression was done on factors with significant association.

Among the 355 adult patients in the study, 71.
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