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Which radiograph will be most precise with regard to assessing cool shared penetration inside infra-acetabular mess location?
In addition, the metrics were also improved in the other two datasets. It can be demonstrated through experiments that without any enhancements of the datasets, our lightweight model can achieve better segmentation performance than most deep learning architectures.False-ceiling inspection is a critical factor in pest-control management within a built infrastructure. Conventionally, the false-ceiling inspection is done manually, which is time-consuming and unsafe. A lightweight robot is considered a good solution for automated false-ceiling inspection. However, due to the constraints imposed by less load carrying capacity and brittleness of false ceilings, the inspection robots cannot rely upon heavy batteries, sensors, and computation payloads for enhancing task performance. Hence, the strategy for inspection has to ensure efficiency and best performance. This work presents an optimal functional footprint approach for the robot to maximize the efficiency of an inspection task. With a conventional footprint approach in path planning, complete coverage inspection may become inefficient. In this work, the camera installation parameters are considered as the footprint defining parameters for the false ceiling inspection. An evolutionary algorithm-based multi-objective optimization framework is utilized to derive the optimal robot footprint by minimizing the area missed and path-length taken for the inspection task. The effectiveness of the proposed approach is analyzed using numerical simulations. The results are validated on an in-house developed false-ceiling inspection robot-Raptor-by experiment trials on a false-ceiling test-bed.Seismic data acquisition in oil and gas exploration employs a large-scale network of geophone sensors deployed in thousands across a survey field. A central control unit acquires and processes measured data from geophones to come up with an image of the earth's subterranean structure to locate oil and gas traps. Conventional seismic acquisition systems rely on cables to connect each sensor. Although cable-based systems are reliable, the sheer amount of cable required is tremendous, causing complications in survey logistics as well as survey downtime. The need for a cable-free seismic data acquisition system has attracted much attention from contractors, exploration companies, and researchers to lay out the enabling wireless technology and architecture in seismic explorations. This paper gives a general overview of land seismic data acquisition and also presents a current and retrospective review of the state-of-the-art wireless seismic data acquisition systems. Furthermore, a simulation-based performance evaluation of real-time, small-scale wireless geophone subnetwork is carried out using the IEEE 802.11 g technology based on the concept of seismic data acquisition during the geophone listen or recording period. In addition, we investigate an optimal number of seismic samples that could be sent by each geophone during this period.Fiber optic sensors are gradually replacing electrical sensors in geotechnical applications owing to their immunity to electrical interference, durability, and cost-effectiveness. However, additional protective measures are required to prevent loss of functionality due to damage to the sensors, cables, or connection parts (splices and/or connectors) during installation and completion processes in borehole applications. We introduce two cases of installing fiber Bragg grating (FBG) strain sensors in 1 km boreholes to monitor the behavior of deep subsurface faults. We present our fiber-reinforced plastic (FRP) forming schemes to protect sensors and splices. We also present uniaxial load test and post-completion monitoring results for assessing the effects and performance of the protective measures. The uniaxial load test and post-completion monitoring show that FBG sensors are well protected by FRP forming without significant impact on sensor performance itself and that they are successfully installed in deep boreholes. In addition to summarizing our learning from experiences, we also suggest several points for consideration to improve the applicability of FBG sensors in borehole environment of the geotechnical field.Slow-wave synchronous acoustic stimulation is a promising research and therapeutic tool. It is essential to clearly understand the principles of the synchronization methods, to know their performances and limitations, and, most importantly, to have a clear picture of the effect of stimulation on slow-wave activity (SWA). This paper covers the mentioned and currently missing parts of knowledge that are essential for the appropriate development of the method itself and future applications. Artificially streamed real sleep EEG data were used to quantitatively compare the two currently used real-time methods the phase-locking loop (PLL) and the fixed-step stimulus in our own implementation. The fixed-step stimulation method was concluded to be more reliable and practically applicable compared to the PLL method. The sleep experiment with chronic insomnia patients in our sleep laboratory was analyzed in order to precisely characterize the effect of sound stimulation during deep sleep. We found that there is a significant phase synchronization of delta waves, which were shown to be the most sensitive metric of the effect of acoustic stimulation compared to commonly used averaged signal and power analyses. This finding may change the understanding of the effect and function of the SWA stimulation described in the literature.Compared to laboratory equipment inertial sensors are inexpensive and portable, permitting the measurement of postural sway and balance to be conducted in any setting. This systematic review investigated the inter-sensor and test-retest reliability, and concurrent and discriminant validity to measure static and dynamic balance in healthy adults. Medline, PubMed, Embase, Scopus, CINAHL, and Web of Science were searched to January 2021. Nineteen studies met the inclusion criteria. Meta-analysis was possible for reliability studies only and it was found that inertial sensors are reliable to measure static standing eyes open. A synthesis of the included studies shows moderate to good reliability for dynamic balance. Concurrent validity is moderate for both static and dynamic balance. Sensors discriminate old from young adults by amplitude of mediolateral sway, gait velocity, step length, and turn speed. Fallers are discriminated from non-fallers by sensor measures during walking, stepping, and sit to stand. The accuracy of discrimination is unable to be determined conclusively. Using inertial sensors to measure postural sway in healthy adults provides real-time data collected in the natural environment and enables discrimination between fallers and non-fallers. The ability of inertial sensors to identify differences in postural sway components related to altered performance in clinical tests can inform targeted interventions for the prevention of falls and near falls.To facilitate the broader use of EMG signal whitening, we studied four whitening procedures of various complexities, as well as the roles of sampling rate and noise correction. find more We separately analyzed force-varying and constant-force contractions from 64 subjects who completed constant-posture tasks about the elbow over a range of forces from 0% to 50% maximum voluntary contraction (MVC). From the constant-force tasks, we found that noise correction via the root difference of squares (RDS) method consistently reduced EMG recording noise, often by a factor of 5-10. All other primary results were from the force-varying contractions. Sampling at 4096 Hz provided small and statistically significant improvements over sampling at 2048 Hz (~3%), which, in turn, provided small improvements over sampling at 1024 Hz (~4%). In comparing equivalent processing variants at a sampling rate of 4096 Hz, whitening filters calibrated to the EMG spectrum of each subject generally performed best (4.74% MVC EMG-force error), followed by one universal whitening filter for all subjects (4.83% MVC error), followed by a high-pass filter whitening method (4.89% MVC error) and then a first difference whitening filter (4.91% MVC error)-but none of these statistically differed. Each did significantly improve from EMG-force error without whitening (5.55% MVC). The first difference is an excellent whitening option over this range of contraction forces since no calibration or algorithm decisions are required.Research on affective communication for socially assistive robots has been conducted to enable physical robots to perceive, express, and respond emotionally. However, the use of affective computing in social robots has been limited, especially when social robots are designed for children, and especially those with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Social robots are based on cognitive-affective models, which allow them to communicate with people following social behaviors and rules. However, interactions between a child and a robot may change or be different compared to those with an adult or when the child has an emotional deficit. In this study, we systematically reviewed studies related to computational models of emotions for children with ASD. We used the Scopus, WoS, Springer, and IEEE-Xplore databases to answer different research questions related to the definition, interaction, and design of computational models supported by theoretical psychology approaches from 1997 to 2021. Our review found 46 articles; not all the studies considered children or those with ASD.Recently, we proposed a Spectral Domain Sparse Representation (SDSR) approach for the direction-of-arrival estimation of signals incident to an antenna array. In the approach, sparse representation is applied to the conventional Bartlett spectra obtained from snapshots of the signals received by the antenna array to increase the direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation resolution and accuracy. The conventional Bartlett spectra has limited dynamic range, meaning that one may not be able to identify the presence of weak signals in the presence of strong signals. This is because, in the conventional Bartlett spectra, uniform weighting (window) is applied to signals received by various antenna elements. Apodization can be used in the generation of Bartlett spectra to increase the dynamic range of the spectra. In Apodization, more than one window function is used to generate different portions of the spectra. In this paper, we extend the SDSR approach to include Bartlett spectra obtained with Apodization and to evaluate the performance of the extended SDSR approach. We compare its performance with a two-step SDSR approach and with an approach where Bartlett spectra is obtained using a low sidelobe window function. We show that an Apodization Bartlett-based SDSR approach leads to better performance with just single-step processing.This is the latest article in a series of research on the family-centered design concept. The theoretical context was revisited and expounded to support its usefulness in conjunction with a user-centered design approach within distinct application domains. A very important contribution is applied through the development of the instruments-website capture, a public testing platform, results processing and the Web Content Accessibility Guide 2.1 recommendation tool-to conduct unmoderated remote testing of user interfaces that corresponds to the requirements of general digitalization efforts as well as the response to current and future health risks. With this set of instruments, an experiment was conducted to address the differences in usage, and performance-wise and user-based evaluation methods, of the eDavki public tax portal, among two generations, adults and elderly citizens, and between an original and an adapted user interface that respects accessibility and other recommendations. The differences found are further discussed and are congruent to particularities that have been modified within interfaces.
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