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Automatization as well as self-maintenance in the O-GlcNAcome directory: a smart medical repository.
Background Audit data is important in creating a clear picture of clinical reality in clinical services, and evaluating treatment outcomes. This paper explored the data from an audit of a large national eating disorder (ED) service and evaluated the outcome of inpatient and day treatment programmes for patients with anorexia nervosa (AN) with and without autistic traits. Methods Four hundred and seventy-six patients receiving treatment for AN at inpatient (IP), day-care (DC) and step-up (SU) programmes were assessed at admission and at discharge on the following measures autistic traits, body-mass-index (BMI), ED symptoms, depression and anxiety symptoms, work and social functioning, and motivation for change. Outcomes were analyzed first at a within-group level based on change in mean scores and then at an individual level based on the clinical significance of improvement in eating disorder symptoms. Outcomes were compared between patients with high autistic traits (HAT) and low autistic traits (LAT) in eachred routine care may be an effective model of treatment for patients with AN and high autistic traits.Objective We aimed to conduct a comparative analysis of the psychological stress experienced by healthcare workers, frontline workers, and the general public and to assess the factors associated with psychological stress in each of these groups. Methods We conducted an online survey targeting healthcare workers, frontline workers, and the general public. Psychological stress was assessed with the revised impact of event scale (IES-R). Univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were conducted. Results We surveyed 1,336 participants (64.6% female; mean age, 36.6). The occupation group distribution of respondents was 50.7% healthcare workers, 27.2% frontline workers, and 22.1% general public. The healthcare (23.6 ± 15.8) and frontline (23.6 ± 17.8) workers had higher IES-R scores than the general public (15.3 ± 10.6; p less then 0.01). Poor health perception and perception of infection avoidance were associated with psychological stress in the healthcare and frontline workers, but not in the general public. Conclusion Both healthcare and frontline workers are suffering elevated psychological stress, compared to the general public, and this elevated stress may be related especially to their perceptions of their own health and infection risk. Interventions addressing these factors should be developed to alleviate psychological stress in these populations, and thus reduce their risk of mental illness pathogenesis.The molecular regulatory network (MRN) within a cell determines cellular states and transitions between them. Thus, modeling of MRNs is crucial, but this usually requires extensive analysis of time-series measurements, which is extremely difficult to obtain from biological experiments. However, single-cell measurement data such as single-cell RNA-sequencing databases have recently provided a new insight into resolving this problem by ordering thousands of cells in pseudo-time according to their differential gene expressions. Neural network modeling can be employed by using temporal data as learning data. In contrast, Boolean network modeling of MRNs has a growing interest, as it is a parameter-free logical modeling and thereby robust to noisy data while still capturing essential dynamics of biological networks. In this study, we propose a Boolean feedforward neural network (FFN) modeling by combining neural network and Boolean network modeling approach to reconstruct a practical and useful MRN model from large temporal data. Furthermore, analyzing the reconstructed MRN model can enable us to identify control targets for potential cellular state conversion. Here, we show the usefulness of Boolean FFN modeling by demonstrating its applicability through a toy model and biological networks.Insect ecdysis triggering hormone (ETH) receptors (ETHRs) are rhodopsin-like G protein-coupled receptors. Upon binding its ligand ETH, ETHR initiates a precisely programed ecdysis behavior series and physiological events. In Drosophila melanogaster, the ethr gene produces two functionally distinct splicing isoforms, ethra and ethrb. ETH/ETHRA activates eclosion hormone (EH), kinin, crustacean cardioactive peptide (CCAP), and bursicon (burs and pburs) neurons, among others, in a rigid order, to elicit the behavioral sequences and physiological actions for ecdysis at all developmental stages, whereas ETH/ETHRB is required at both pupal and adult ecdysis. However, the role of ETHRB in regulation of molting has not been clarified in any non-drosophila insects. SB290157 In the present paper, we found that 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E) signaling triggers the expression of both ethra and ethrb in a Coleopteran insect pest, the Colorado potato beetle Leptinotarsa decemlineata. RNA interference (RNAi) was performed using double-stranded RNAs (dsRNAs) targeting the common (dsethr) or isoform-specific (dsethra, dsethrb) regions of ethr. RNAi of dsethr, dsethra, or dsethrb by the final-instar larvae arrested larva development. The arrest was not rescued by feeding 20E. All the ethra depleted larvae stopped development at prepupae stage; the body cavity was expanded by a large amount of liquid. Comparably, more than 80% of the ethrb RNAi larvae developmentally halted at the prepupae stage. The remaining Ldethrb hypomorphs became pupae, with blackened wings and highly-expressed burs, pburs and four melanin biosynthesis genes. Therefore, ETHRA and ETHRB play isoform-specific roles in regulation of ecdysis during larva-pupa transition in L. decemlineata.Senescent cells with replicative arrest can be generated during genotoxic, oxidative, and oncogenic stress. Long-term retention of senescent cells in the body, which is attributed to highly expressed BCL-family proteins, chronically damages tissues mainly through a senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). It has been documented that accumulation of senescent cells contributes to chronic diseases and aging-related diseases. Despite the fact that no unique marker is available to identify senescent cells, increased p16INK4a expression has long been used as an in vitro and in vivo marker of senescent cells. We reviewed five existing p16INK4a reporter mouse models to detect, isolate, and deplete senescent cells. Senescent cells express high levels of anti-apoptotic and pro-apoptotic genes compared to normal cells. Thus, disrupting the balance between anti-apoptotic and pro-apoptotic gene expression, such as ABT-263 and ABT-737, can activate the apoptotic signaling pathway and remove senescent cells. Mitochondrial abnormalities in senescent cells were also discussed, for example mitochondrial DNA mutation accumulation, dysfunctional mitophagy, and mitochondrial unfolded protein response (mtUPR).
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