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Fragment-interconnected nitrogen-doped permeable as well as nanosheets packed with platinum eagle class materials regarding very increased hydrogen development reaction throughout alkaline solution.
Cancer mutations in Ras occur predominantly at three hotspots Gly 12, Gly 13, and Gln 61. Previously, we reported that deep mutagenesis of H-Ras using a bacterial assay identified many other activating mutations (Bandaru et al., 2017). We now show that the results of saturation mutagenesis of H-Ras in mammalian Ba/F3 cells correlate well with the results of bacterial experiments in which H-Ras or K-Ras are co-expressed with a GTPase-activating protein (GAP). The prominent cancer hotspots are not dominant in the Ba/F3 data. We used the bacterial system to mutagenize Ras constructs of different stabilities and discovered a feature that distinguishes the cancer hotspots. While mutations at the cancer hotspots activate Ras regardless of construct stability, mutations at lower-frequency sites (e.g. at Val 14 or Asp 119) can be activating or deleterious, depending on the stability of the Ras construct. We characterized the dynamics of three non-hotspot activating Ras mutants by using NMR to monitor hydrogen-deuterium exchange (HDX). These mutations result in global increases in HDX rates, consistent with destabilization of Ras. An explanation for these observations is that mutations that destabilize Ras increase nucleotide dissociation rates, enabling activation by spontaneous nucleotide exchange. A further stability decrease can lead to insufficient levels of folded Ras - and subsequent loss of function. In contrast, the cancer hotspot mutations are mechanism-based activators of Ras that interfere directly with the action of GAPs. Our results demonstrate the importance of GAP surveillance and protein stability in determining the sensitivity of Ras to mutational activation.High temperature during reproductive stage of winter crops causes sterility of pollen grains and reduced yield. It is essential to find the genotypes with higher pollen viability, as it is most sensitive to temperature extremes. A field study was conducted with wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes to understand the effect of high temperature on pollen viability and grain yield for 2years under timely (TS) and late sown (LS) conditions. A strong correlation was observed between higher pollen viability and higher grain yield under heat stress condition. Genotypes like K7903, HD2932, WH730 and RAJ3765 showed higher pollen viability, whereas DBW17, HUW468, RAJ4014 and UP2425 had lower pollen viability under LS condition. Further, the quantification of antioxidant enzymes activity mainly, Super oxide dismutase (SOD), Catalase (CAT), Peroxidase (POD) and Glutathione peroxidase (GPX) has showed significant variation among study genotypes. Thus, the identified high pollen viability genotypes can serve as a potential source for trait based breeding under heat stress in wheat. The present study is a first of its kind to assess more number of wheat genotypes for pollen viability and antioxidants activity under field condition. It also confirms that pollen viability can be used as a potential trait to screen genotypes for heat stress tolerance in wheat.Habitat selection behaviour is an effective strategy adopted by clonal plants in heterogeneous understorey light environments, and it is likely regulated by the parental environment's ultraviolet-B radiation levels (UV-B) due to the photomorphogenesis of UV-B and maternal effects. Here, parental ramets of Duchesnea indica were treated with two UV-B radiation levels [high (UV5 group) and low (UV10 group)], newborn offspring were grown under a heterogeneous light environment (ambient light vs shade habitat), and the growth and DNA methylation variations of parents and offspring were analysed. The results showed that parental UV-B affected not only the growth of the parent but also the offspring. The offspring of different UV-B-radiated parents showed different performances. Although these offspring all displayed a tendency to escape from light environments, such as entering shade habitats earlier, and allocating more biomass under shade (33.06% of control, 42.28% of UV5 and 72.73% of UV10), these were particularly obvious in offspring of the high UV-B parent. Improvements in epigenetic diversity (4.77 of control vs 4.83 of UV10) and total DNA methylation levels (25.94% of control vs 27.15% of UV10) and the inhibition of shade avoidance syndrome (denser growth with shorter stolons and internodes) were only observed in offspring of high UV-B parents. This difference was related to the eustress and stress effects of low and high UV-B, respectively. Overall, the behaviour of D. indica under heterogeneous light conditions was regulated by the parental UV-B exposure. Moreover, certain performance improvements helped offspring pre-regulate growth to cope with future environments and were probably associated with the effects of maternal DNA methylation variations in UV-B-radiated parents.Current research focused on the potential role of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) and potassium (K+) in mitigation of arsenic (As) toxicity in Vicia faba L. seedlings. Faba bean seedlings were grown for 30days in potted soil. As stress curtailed root and shoot length, chlorophyll (Chl) content and net photosynthetic rate in V. faba seedlings. However, ZnONPs and K+ curtailed As stress in faba bean seedling through enhanced activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POD) enzyme. Furthermore, ZnONPs and K+ significantly enhanced cysteine (Cys) content and serine acetyletransferase (SAT) activity in faba bean seedling exposed to As-toxificated soil. Application of ZnONPs and K+ curtailed superoxide ionic content and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) accumulation in V. faba seedlings exposed to As-polluted soil. Nitric oxide (NO) content also increased in faba bean seedlings treated with ZnONPs and K+ in normal and As-polluted soil. As stress alleviation was credited to reduce As uptake in faba bean seedlings treated with synergistic application of ZnONPs and K+. It is proposed that K+ interaction with nanoparticles can be exploited at molecular level to understand the mechanisms involved in abiotic stress tolerance.The magnification of images provided by minimally-invasive surgery (MIS) allows a very sharp and precise dissection of the hepatic hilum, allowing to overcome the technical complexity of surgery of perihilar cholangiocarcinoma (PHC). Recently, the feasibility and reproducibility of MIS for PHC are reported within centers with adequate expertise and respecting the cornerstones of oncological adequacy, it provides short term advantages in a selected population of patients. The video reports the case of a patient with PHC involving the right biliary duct and requiring right hepatectomy with biliary confluence and segment 1 resection, with associated lymphadenectomy. Current evidences, together with feasibility and reproducibility of the technique shown in this video, appear promising and constitute a good prerequisite for the further implementation of this approach to improve patients outcome while following the principles of surgical oncology in hilar cholangiocarcinoma.Video-Assisted Thoracic Surgery (VATS) is already practised worldwide, in almost every condition addressed by open thoracic surgery. As part of minimally invasive thoracic surgery (MITS), VATS offers to patients and to healthcare providers excellent results and great satisfactions. Learning and performing VATS use different pathways in trainees and in experienced surgeons. This article presents VATS in its essence classification, indications, contraindications, instruments and tools, incisions and access, troubleshooting, learning curve and training. We wish that the information helps our colleagues, both trainees and experienced thoracic surgeons, to start and continue performing VATS as standard care in thoracic surgery.Anastomotic fistulae are the most common and dreaded postoperative complications of pancreaticoduodenectomy. Delayed gastric emptying (DGE) and slow recovery of bowel function are contributing causes for postoperative pancreatic fistula (PoPF) that should be taken into consideration. The present study evaluates data from 17 consecutive cases that underwent pancreaticoduodenectomy for pancreatic adenocarcinoma with pancreaticojejunal anastomosis and circular stapled mechanical gastrojejunal anastomosis instead of the standard terminolateral technique. Three patients developed Grade A DGE (one also developed grade B PoPF) and one patient required reinsertion of the nasogastric tube due to Grade B PoPF. Overall, the incidence of DGE was 23.5%. Three patients developed Grade B pancreatic fistulae that were successfully managed conservatively. Twelve patients resumed early bowel movement within 4 days, two reinterventions were required for postoperative bleeding. Mean hospital stay was 11.5 days. Patients with DGE had a mean hospital stay of 14.5 days. No gastrojejunostomy leak was encountered. Mortality was nil. Therefore we consider the posterior circular stapled gastrojejunostomy a simple, reproducible, safe technical alternative for avoiding DGE and consequently help lower the risk of PoPF, increased costs associated with prolonged hospital stay and an improved postoperative quality of life.Background Associating liver partition and portal vein ligation (ALPPS) has evolved as a treatment strategy for patients with liver tumors who are not amenable for upfront hepatectomy because of an insufficient future liver remnant (FLR). Aim of this study was to test the applicability of ultrasound guided parenchyma sparing surgery to ALPPS concept, by non-anatomically shifting the plane of transection in favor of FLR, resulting in a new technical variant of ALPPS, entitled parenchyma sparing ALPPS (psALPPS). Materials and Methods Patients who could not safely undergo right trisectionectomy ALPPS because of insufficient FLR were considered eligible for psALPPS, consisting in liver partition through segment 4 using ultrasound guidance. Results Between April 2017 and April 2021, five patients with median age of 68 years (range 66-78), four male and one female, underwent psALPPS for colorectal liver metastases (N=2), intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (N=2), and hepatocellular carcinoma (N=1). Standardized FLR (sFLR) for segments 2-3 before stage 1 surgery would have been a median of 11.6%. PsALPPS could double the sFLR at stage 1 resulting in an increase of ps-sFLR from a median of 22.7% (at stage 1) to 34.0% (at stage 2) after a median interstage interval of 15 days. All patients tolerated surgery well and no major complications were recorded. Conclusions Applying the principles of parenchyma sparing surgery to ALPPS offers the advantage to maximize FLR and simultaneously reduce ischemic injury of segment 4 compared to conventional ALPPS. In this way, psALPPS may markedly increase resectability while reducing morbidity. Video version https//www.revistachirurgia.ro/pdfs/?EntryID=922974&art=2021-parenchyma-sparing-ALPPS-ultrasound-guided-partition.pdfBackground Single incision laparoscopic surgery is a technically challenging procedure. BDA-366 mouse The use of 3D laparoscopy can potentially improve training results. The aim of the present study was to compare the short-term effects of the 2D vs 3D single incision laparoscopy training. Methods Forty novices (25 males and 15 females) with no prior experience in single incision laparoscopic surgery participated in the study. The participants were randomized into 2D or 3D training mode. Results Twenty participants were assigned to 2D and twenty to 3D training group. Time to finish the first task with the polypropylene ball transfer was significantly shorter in the 3D group with no difference in the total number of errors during the task (p=0.007). Overall number of attempts and number of successful attempts were similar between the groups while the number of errors was significantly higher in the 2D group during the needle grasping task (p=0.033). In the intracorporeal knot tying test the probability of completing the task was significantly higher in the 3D group (p=0.
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