Notes

Pituitary Apoplexy Challenging by Cerebral Infarction: In a situation Record.
ors and regulating the balance of CD4+/CD8+T cells through the MAPK pathway.
To observe the changes in autophagy of cisplatin-resistant I-10 testicular cancer cells (I-10/DDP cells) in response to cisplatin treatment and the effect of silencing ATG5 and ATG7 on autophagy and proliferation of cisplatin-treated cells.

I-10/DDP cells treated with 15 μmol/L cisplatin for 12 h were examined for expressions of LC3 and p62 by Western blotting and for autophagy level through transmission electron microscopy and mCherry-GFP-LC3B. I-10/DDP cells were transfected with short hairpin RNAs shRNA-ATG5 or shRNA-ATG7
Lipfectamine2000, the empty vector (NC group), or Lipfectamine2000 alone (blank control group), and the cellular expressions of ATG5 and ATG7 were detected with Western blotting. The transfected cells were treated with 15 μmol/L cisplatin for 12 h, after that the expressions of LC3 and p62 were detected with Western blotting. Transmission electron microscopy and mCherry-GFP-LC3B were used to detect autophagy level in the cells. MTT assay and colony-forming assay were performed to aferation.
To investigate the effect and safety of
(
) expressing gas vesicle (GVs) for enhancing the efficacy of tumor ablation by high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) in tumor-bearing mice.

Thirty-two female BALB/c mice were used to establish mouse models bearing 4T1 tumor, which were randomized into GVs group [
BL21 (AI)-PET28a-Arg1] and control group (PBS), and the efficacy of HIFU ablation was evaluated by examining coagulative necrotic volume and pathology of the tumors. Another 104 BALB/c mice were also randomly divided into GVs group and control group, and body weight changes of the mice were recorded on days 1, 4 and 15 after intravenous injection of
containing GVs or PBS. White blood cells, red blood cells, hemoglobin and platelet counts and liver and renal function parameters of the mice were detected, and serum levels of TNF-α and IL-1β were examined using ELISA. The pathological changes in the liver and spleen were evaluated using HE staining to assess the safety of the treatments.

HIFU ablation resulted in a significantly greater volume of coagulative necrosis and severer tissue damage in GVs group than in the control group (
< 0.001). In the 104 BALB/c mice without tumor cell inoculation, intravenous injection of
expressing GVs, as compared with PBS, did not significantly affect body weight or cause changes in white blood cell, red blood cell and platelet counts or hemoglobin level (
1=0.59,
2=0.27,
3=0.76,
4=0.81). The liver and kidney function parameters (
1=0.12,
2=0.46,
3=0.62,
4=0.86) and serum levels of TNF-α and IL-1β (
1=0.48,
2=0.56) were all comparable between GVs group and control group. No obvious pathological changes were detected in the liver and spleen tissues in either GVs group or the control group.

expressing GVs is safe for enhancing the ablation effect of HIFU in tumor-bearing mice.
E.coli expressing GVs is safe for enhancing the ablation effect of HIFU in tumor-bearing mice.
To prepare metallic organic nanoparticles that produce synergistic effect in high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) therapy of tumors.

Glucose oxidase (GOD), MnO
, ferric iron (Fe
) and doxorubicin (DOX) were self-assembled by physical adsorption with previously prepared manganese dioxide (MnO
) nanoparticles to obtain GOD-MnO
-Fe
-DOX nanoparticles (GMFD NPs). HepG2 tumor-bearing nude mouse models were given intravenous injections of normal saline or GMFD NPs followed 4 h later by HIFU at the acoustic power of 90 W with a total treatment time of 3 s. The changes of tumor gray value before and after HIFU irradiation were observed and 24 h after HIFU irradiation, coagulation necrosis in the tumor tissues was examined; the histological changes of the tumor tissues were observed with HE staining.

We successfully prepared GMFD NPs, which had an average particle size of 131.23±0.84 nm with a surface potential of 21.87±1.72 mV. GMFD NPs, with a drug loading rate of 40.18%, was capable of releasing more than 77.2% of the loaded DOX within 4 h in acidic environment. In the tumor-bearing mouse models, HIFU irradiation following GMFD NP injection, as compared with saline injection, resulted in significantly enhanced gray value of the tumor (25.5±4.5
18.7±3.9,
=0.04) and greater volume of coagulation necrosis (105.80 ± 1.21 mm

38.02 ± 0.34 mm
). The energy efficiency factor (EEF) was significantly lower in GMFD NPs group than in saline group (1.79
4.97,
< 0.001).

GMFD NPs prepared in this study can enhance tumor ablation efficacy of HIFU and release DOX for further treatment of the residual tumor tissue in mice.
GMFD NPs prepared in this study can enhance tumor ablation efficacy of HIFU and release DOX for further treatment of the residual tumor tissue in mice.
To investigate the recurrence of ankylosing spondylitis (AS) that has been relieved by standard-dose adalimumab (ADA) after dose reduction or withdrawal of tumor necrosis factor-α inhibitor (TNFi) and explore the factors that predict AS occurrence.

This study was conducted among 63 patients with AS who reduced the dose of or discontinued TNFi after completing at least 12 treatment cycles with ADA (40 mg/2 weeks) to achieve ASAS20 improvement with a BATH disease activity index (BASDAI) < 4 for more than 8 weeks. The patients were followed up every 12 weeks for a total of 52 weeks, and the recurrence of AS, changes of BASDAI, C-reactive protein (CRP)-based disease activity score (ASDASCRP), low back pain (LBP) score, Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Metrology Index (BASMI), CRP and ESR were recorded and analyzed. Cox regression model and ROC curve analyses were performed to analyze the risk factors of AS relapse after dose reduction or discontinuation of TNFi.

Of the 63 patients enrolled, 57 completed the figh recurrence rate of AS that has been relieved by TNFi treatment. A high LBP score, a high BASMI score and discontinuation of maintenance medication are the risk factors for AS recurrence in patients after dose reduction or withdrawal of TNFi.
Dose reduction or discontinuation of TNFi is associated with a high recurrence rate of AS that has been relieved by TNFi treatment. A high LBP score, a high BASMI score and discontinuation of maintenance medication are the risk factors for AS recurrence in patients after dose reduction or withdrawal of TNFi.
To investigate the effect of perioperative aromatherapy (AT) or/plus music therapy (MT) on pain and anxiety level, and the potential mechanism in women experiencing breast cancer surgery.

A total of 160 patients with breast cancer were randomly assigned in a 1111 ratio to receive usual care (UC), AT, MT, or combination therapy (CT) during perioperative periods. Pain intensity and anxiety scores were measured by visual analog scale. Interleukin (IL)-6 and high mobility group box 1 (HMGB-1) were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

There was a significant group effect on pain, anxiety, and IL-6 and HMGB-1 levels, with the greatest improvement occurring in the CT group (P < .001). Compared with the UC group, the AT and MT groups had lower mean changes of pain intensity and IL-6 and HMGB-1 levels, and greater anxiety reduction (P < .001). However, the differences between the AT and MT groups did not reach significance (P > .05).

In patients with breast cancer, perioperative CT achieves greater pain improvement and anxiety reduction and less marked increase in IL-6 and HMGB-1 levels. These results suggest that CT is an acceptable complementary and alternative medicine for breast cancer patients.
In patients with breast cancer, perioperative CT achieves greater pain improvement and anxiety reduction and less marked increase in IL-6 and HMGB-1 levels. These results suggest that CT is an acceptable complementary and alternative medicine for breast cancer patients.The history of inguinal hernia repair is a rich one. For centuries, hernia healers, doctors, anatomists, surgeons and quacks have been devoted to this pathology that has afflicted mankind throughout its evolution. The development of surgical correction mainly focused on adult pathology, with treatments that often involved the loss of the testis. Hernia management in children, however, also dates from antiquity. Described as a swelling on the surface of the belly in ancient papyri, it was treated with tight bandages by the early physicians of Alexandria. For centuries, conservative treatment had been used for the child using primordial trussess, many prayers, and often pagan rituals as the arboreal passage of children described by Marcello of Bordeaux, doctor of the Emperor Theodosius I (347-395 AD), reserving medical intervention only for cases of strangulation in which only reduction was attempted. The middle ages were characterized by an increase in cultural and scientific exchange, during which the first comprehensive surgical textbooks and atlases were written. Different approaches to the inguinal hernia were not taught and passed down through generations of surgeons. The modern era brought a better understanding of the inguinal anatomy, which led to surgical techniques associated with less post-operative complications. Today, the pediatric inguinal hernia repair is one of the most common pediatric operations performed. It is considered a safe procedure with very low complication rate.
Kidney transplantation (KTx) is the most effective treatment for end-stage renal disease in children.

We aimed to compare the long-term outcomes and surgical complications of the intraperitoneal approach (IPA) and extraperitoneal approach (EPA) for KTx in children weighing <15kg.

We performed a retrospective cohort study on pediatric kidney transplant recipients, weighing <15kg, who received their first living-related kidney transplant between January 1987 and December 2015. Patients were divided into two groups based on the surgical approach (IPA or EPA) during transplant, and clinical data were extracted from the medical records.

The median follow-up duration was 14.1 years (interquartile range, 9.0-19.2). Comparing the two groups (IPA group, n=62; EPA group, n=38), the median age and body weight were significantly lower in the IPA group (4.2 vs. 4.8 years, P=0.03; 11.7 vs. 13.0kg, P<0.01). There were 26 surgical complications (26%) in 19 patients during the follow-up period. BI-1347 The surgical complication rate was higher in the IPA group (39% vs. 6%).

We assessed the long-term outcomes of the surgical approaches used for pediatric patients weighing <15kg who underwent KTx and received a size-mismatched adult donor kidney. There was no significant difference in renal transplantation prognosis using the surgical approach, but IPA-related complications were more frequent in the long term. Therefore, our data suggest that in cases of donor-recipient size mismatch in pediatric KTx, the EPA, associated with fewer surgical complications, is preferable to the IPA if the patient's body size has sufficient space for allograft placement.

The transplant approach did not influence the long-term outcomes in children weighing <15kg, but EPA had fewer surgical complications and was technically safe.
The transplant approach did not influence the long-term outcomes in children weighing less then 15 kg, but EPA had fewer surgical complications and was technically safe.
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